“this is to show the world that i can paint like ti4an ...“this is to show the world that i can...
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“ThisistoshowtheworldthatIcanpaintlikeTi4an““Onlytechnicaldetailsaremissing”
WolfgangPaulitoWernerHeisenbergMarch1,1958
“ThisistoshowtheworldthatIcanpaintlikeTi4an““Onlytechnicaldetailsaremissing”
WolfgangPaulitoWernerHeisenbergMarch1,1958
“ThisistoshowtheworldthatIcanpaintlikeTi4an““Onlytechnicaldetailsaremissing”
WolfgangPaulitoWernerHeisenbergMarch1,1958
“TheFlayingofCepheus”Ti4an’slastpain4ng1570-76
“ThisistoshowtheworldthatIcanpaintlikeTi4an““Onlytechnicaldetailsaremissing”
WolfgangPaulitoWernerHeisenbergMarch1,1958
“TheFlayingofCepheus”Ti4an’slastpain4ng1570-76
LeaviM(2018minus110)
MV=AlogP+B
“CepheidManifold”
TheLRCRela4on(Twoparameters.Really?)
L = 4π R2 σT4
Foralloscilla4ngsystems
Pρ½=Qbutρ=M/(4/3πR3)andthenPρ½=PR3/2[M/(4π/3)]=QallowingPeriod(P)tobesubs4tutedforRadius(R)[atfixedMass(M)]
ThePLCRela4on(Twoparameters.Really?)
Mv = α log P + β(V-I)o + γ
ThePLRela4on(Twoparameters.Really?)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
Lookingtothefuture.Sure,but…
“Thosewhodonotlearnfromhistoryaredoomedtorepeatit.”
G.Santayana(1906)
HistoricalTimelineonDealingwithMajorSystema4cs
ReddeningWesenheitMagnitudes(Madore,B.F.1982,ApJ,253,575)Mul4-WavelengthFimng(Freedman,W.L.1988,ApJ,326,691)MovetotheNearInfrared(McGonegal,McLaren,McAlary&Madore1983,ApJ,269,641)
MetallicityHIIRegionGradients(Freedman&Madore1990,ApJ,365,186)TRGBCalibra4on(Lee,Freedman&Madore1993,ApJ,417,553)
CrowdingMovingfromGround-to-Space(HSTKeyProject,Cycle1,1988)AberratedWFPC&M81(Freedmanetal.1994,ApJ,427,628)
[email protected]@18.477magTRGBCross-Calibra4on(Lee,Freedman&Madore1993,ApJ,417,553)
Op4mizedDiscoveryandCharacteriza4onNon-Uniform,Power-LawSampling(Madore&Freedman2005,ApJ,630,1054)WavelengthDependenceofScaMer,Amplitude,Slope,etc.(Madore&Freedman,1991,PASP,103,933)
Reddening-FreeWesenheitFunc4on
1981
1987
1991
TheMovetotheInfrared
1982
HistoricalTimelineonDealingwithMajorSystema4cs
ReddeningWesenheitMagnitudes(Madore,B.F.1982,ApJ,253,575)Mul4-WavelengthFimng(Freedman,W.L.1988,ApJ,326,691)MovetotheNearInfrared(McGonegal,McLaren,McAlary&Madore1983,ApJ,269,641)
MetallicityHIIRegionGradients(Freedman&Madore1990,ApJ,365,186)TRGBCalibra4on(Lee,Freedman&Madore1993,ApJ,417,553)
CrowdingMovingfromGround-to-Space(HSTKeyProject,Cycle1,1988)AberratedWFPC&M81(Freedmanetal.1994,ApJ,427,628)
[email protected]@18.477magTRGBCross-Calibra4on(Lee,Freedman&Madore1993,ApJ,417,553)
Op4mizedDiscoveryandCharacteriza4onNon-Uniform,Power-LawSampling(Madore&Freedman2005,ApJ,630,1054)WavelengthDependenceofScaMer,Amplitude,Slope,etc.(Madore&Freedman,1991,PASP,103,933)
1993
TRGB-BasedMetallicityTestLee,Freedman&Madore(1993)
TRGB-BasedMetallicityTestLee,Freedman&Madore(1993)
ThePLRela4on(No,20parameters.Really!)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
TheslopeandthewidthofthemarginalizedPLCrela4on(LeaviMLaw)
aresetbytwoindependentconstraintsonthePLCnotthePLCitself.
HeIoniza4onLayerstotheBlueandtheOnsetofConvec4ontotheRed
Willitbeseenpulsa4ng?Wherearetheedges?
ThePLRela4on(No,20parameters.Really!)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
Mul4pleCrossingsof“TheStrip”
Low[Fe/H] High[Fe/H]
LowMass LowMass
HigherMass
HigherMass
Mul4pleCrossingsandConflicts
LogT
BlueEdge Red
Edge
ThePLRela4on(No,20parameters.Really!)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
“Followtheresiduals”
-JerryMguire
Neversawthiscoming:CrowdingbyRGBandAGBstars
Un4l...Chavezetal.2012,AJ,144,133
(1)Theyfoundthatnearly50%ofCepheidsin(theverynearby,LocalGroupgalaxy)
M33hadclosecompanions,andthefrac4onaffectedatorbelowthe10%levelwas70%
(2)Themajorityofthecrowding/blendingcompanionstarswerefromtheRGB
The“RGBFloor”and“AGBWall”Melbourneetal.2012,ApJ,748,47Melbourne&Boyer,2013,ApJ,764,30
• IntheNIRupto40%ofthelightisprovidedbyRedHelium-BurningandThermal-PulsingAGBstars,peakingintheMIRat3-4μm(JWST).
• RSGcontamina4onpeaksat2.2μm(Kband).• TP-AGBstarshave(V-H)colors>7magmakingthevastmajorityofthempreviouslyundetected(andunan4cipated)atop4calwavelengths.
• AGBstarsco-existalongthesamelinesofsightasCepheids,butfarout-numberthem.
Dalcantonetal.2012,ApJS,198,6
AGBFloor
AGB
Asgoodasitgets:TheCalibrators
SavedbytheBell…Curve?
• Justassumethatallofthese17+systema4candrandomeffectscanjustbemarginalizedoverandbesavedbytheCentralLimitTheorem:
(1)Largesamples(2)Cancelingsystema4cs
• Oryouhavepriori4ze,anddealwiththemindividually.
“Steps”totheHubbleConstant
1000%1parameterCo-Discovery100%3parametersControversy10%5parametersConcordance1%20parametersConsilience*Consilience–theprinciplethatevidencefromindependent,unrelatedsourcesusingdifferentmethodscanconvergeonstrongconclusions
Predic4onsfortheDistanceScale
Predic4onsfortheDistanceScale
Predic4onsfortheDistanceScale
“Onlytechnicaldetailsaremissing”
2005
ThePLRela4on(Oneparameter.Really?)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
ThePLRela4on(Oneparameter.Really?)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
ThePLRela4on(No,20parameters.Really!)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC
ThePLRela4on(No,20parameters.Really!)
• BasicThermalPhysics&Geometry(Sta4c)• StellarPulsa4on(P√ρ)• StellarExcita4on(He+Instability:BlueEdge)• StellarDe-Excita4on(Convec4on:RedEdge)• StellarEvolu4on(Bolometric)• StellarAtmospheres(Shocks,Convec4on,LineBlankemng)• StellarComposi4on(Interior&Atmospheric)• StarForma4onHistory(Con4ngent)• MassLoss(When,Why&HowMuch?)
• Reddening(Foreground&Individual)• Binaries(Calibrators&Targets)• Crowding(Wavelength&DistanceDependent,The“AGBFloor”)
INTRINSICEXTRINSIC