“next stop …the future” · automated buses in transit. game changers •automated shuttles...
TRANSCRIPT
Robert James
APTA Bus & Paratransit Conference
Date 5/8/2018
Contact [email protected]
(732) 689-1989
“Next Stop …the Future”Automated Buses in Transit
Game Changers
•Automated Shuttles
•Connected Vehicle Solutions
•Vehicle Electrification Facilities
BUS AUTOMATION
• Low speed around public
• Higher Speed on Dedicated Roadways or Lanes
• Slow Adoption Rate Among Bus Manufacturers and Clients
• Retrofit of Motor Coach Industry Buses
• Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market Opportunities to Fill Void• 1st/last mile
• Circulators
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples
Heathrow Airport University of Michigan
Las Vegas
Existing CV/AV Shuttle ExamplesAmsterdam Schiphol Airport Rivium GRT - Parkshuttle
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Larger Vehicles – 24+ passengers)
Amsterdam Airport :: Mercedes-Benz Future Bus Eugene, Oregon :: EmX Articulated
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Mini Shuttles – 12 passengers)
Local Motors/Intel’s OlliHelsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini
Buses
Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRTGreece/Spain CityMobile2
AV Shuttle Vendors
Ohmio Lift
Coast
Automation
EasyMile
EZ10
Navya/Softbank
City Mobil2
2GetThere GRT
Mercedes Bus
(2021)
Ohmio Lift XT1
(2020)
Toyota e-Palette
(2021)
EasyMile EZ10
Gen 3 (2020)
2GetThere
GRT2 - 3rd Gen
(2 door)
2GetThere
GRT2 - 3rd Gen
(1 door)
Automated Shuttle Characteristics
• Low speed roadways <25mph
• Lane change difficult
• Left turns difficult
• Not all weather for snow/fog
• Need better location accuracy (Use UWB positioning)
• ADA being addressed
• Some bi-directional vendors
• Vendors done with demonstrations – buy/lease only
• Long lead time (3months to 1 year)
USDOT Standards Work
• Establish a standard data exchange interface that is interoperable across all deployment locations and vehicle vendors.
• Establish standards for procurement, including demonstrated vehicle performance and data sharing requirements.
• Develop a set of automated vehicle operational testing and evaluation standards to benchmark the selected vendors.
• Develop a methodology for evaluating the operational safety of the system in various deployment settings.
Connected Automated Deployment in NYC
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XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)
Automated Vehicles Components
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CV/AV TechnologiesAutonomous Vehicles Connected
Vehicles
BusPlatooning UWB
CONNECTED VEHICLE SOLUTIONS
• Signal Phase and Timing• Transit Signal Priority
• BRT Solutions
• Eco-Driving
• Safety Applications• Intersection Collision
Avoidance
• Queue Warnings
• Passenger Boarding
• Pedestrian Safety
• Congestion Reduction• Traveler Information
• Routing and Navigation
• Location Services
HNTB Project Examples:• NJDOT TSP/Connectivity• Tampa CV Pilot• Smart Columbus• FDOT FRAME Program
HNTB Opportunities:• Houston Metro BRT• HART
V2X Accuracy Not Sufficient
Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave
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Enhanced GPS
Ultra-wideband
Ultrawideband in NYC
16 NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)
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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios
Stra
igh
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Can
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Det
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Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Longitudinal Control
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)
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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor lane markings, work zones, merging, weather, obstructions, objects beyond line of sight
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenariosG
ood
Lan
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arki
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Mar
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ane
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Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Lateral Control Intersection
Uber Crash
AUTOMATED SHUTTLES• Low-Speed, Multi-Passenger Vehicles
• Established Routes or Separate Facilities
• Operational in Heathrow, Las Vegas, Dubai, University of Michigan
• Use Cases and Services• First and last mile service• Circulation for campuses, residential developments and CBDs
• Current HNTB Projects – Planning Stage• JTA U2C Program• HART Shuttle• PennDOT – PSU Harrisburg• Smart Columbus• Foxconn Development (Wisconsin DOT)• JFK Airport
• Other Projects in Planning• Airports (APM replacement, access to airport landside services)• Treasure Island (SFCTA)• SWBID – District of Columbia DOT
CV/AV TechnologiesConnected
Vehicles
Ultrawideband
Autonomous Vehicles (Sensors, Radar, Camera, LIDAR)
BUS AUTOMATION
• Higher Speed on Dedicated Roadways or Lanes
• Slow Adoption Rate Among APM and Bus Manufacturers
• Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market Opportunities to Fill Void
Connected Automated Deployment in NYC
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XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)
Automated Vehicles Components
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Repurposing Existing Infrastructure
Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
Repurposing Existing Infrastructure
Retrofit Existing Monorail Structure
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APM – CV/AV ComparisonAPM CV/AV
Service Flexibility Fixed Route and ScheduleOn-Demand, Real-Time,
Dynamic Schedule
Vehicle Fleet Flexibility None Mixed Vehicle Size
Vendor Options Limited Many
Tracks, Interlocking, Switches,
Electrical Substations, PowerRequired Not Required
Longitudinal/Lateral Control Tracks Sensors and Algorithms
Aligned with Future Mobility
TrendsNo Yes
Deployment Cost High Infrastructure Cost Minimal Infrastructure Cost
O&M Costs High Low
Construction Duration High Low
Deployments to DateMultiple Deployments in US
and Around the World
Mostly Short- and Long-Term
Trials in US and Around the
World
NY/NJ AV Legislation N/AAV Testing Legal in NY
NJ Senate Bill Introduced
Example AV Replacement of APMAPM CV/AV
Service FlexibilityFixed Route and
SchedulePoint to Point Service
Vehicle Fleet 16 Paired Rail
Cars50 - 24 passenger GRTs
Vendor Options Limited Many
Aligned with
Future Mobility
Trends
No
• Revenue from 3rd party use
of guideway
• Extension to at-grade
service to other locations
Deployment Cost $2 billion $300 million
O&M Costs $5M per year $750K per year
Construction
Duration5 years 9 months
BUS ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES
• Fast Charging Technologies
• Wireless Induction Capabilities• Needs relative to improvements in battery
technology
• Dynamic induction and direct propulsion
• Station and Maintenance Facility Opportunities• JFK Airport electrification of bus fleet
• San Francisco Zero Emission Vehicle Study
• Austin Texas Metra electrification
• JTA U2C electrification
• Smart Columbus
Mobile Battery Chargers
• NYC Climate Challenge Action Finalist
• Concierge Service in JFK Parking Lot
• Charging for electric buses and GSEs
• More efficient use of charging stations – spaces are wasted in long term parking
• Stop gap solution for capital utilities project
• Automated mobile unit with UWB
Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?
•Near Term (Operational now)• Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments•High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities•Automated Trains
•Mid Term (2-5 years)• Low speed 1st/Last Mile On Demand Shuttles•Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at
airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul• Long Term (5+ years)•Automated Mobility on Demand
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