ANTITUSSIVE

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Organised By Narcotic Group

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Contents

Definition

Classification of cough

cough receptors

Mechanism of cough production

Anti tussive drugs

Classification of antitussives

Indication, side effect, uses , examples

Reference 3

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A cough, also known as tissus is a sudden reflex humans and many animals have to clear the throat and breathing passage of foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids and mucus- it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs

Antitussive

a) cough

DEFINITION

ANTITUSSIVE:-

A drug that suppresses coughing possibly by reducing the activity of the cough center in the brain.

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Classification of coughs

Acute cough: this is a cough of sudden

onset that lasts up to three weeks.

Sub acute cough: this type of cough

persists for between three and eight weeks.

Chronic cough: this type persists for over

eight weeks.

Nocturnal cough: - only occurs at night.

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Two Basic Types of Cough

Productive cough

removes excessive secretions

Nonproductive cough

Dry cough and it is harmful

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Cough receptors (chemo-and-mechano receptors )

lie in mucosa of the bronchial tree from the nose to the distal bronchi.

The impulses from these receptors are transmitted through the vagus and gloss pharyngeal nerves to the cough center in the medulla.

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Cough receptors

Mechanism of cough production

The cough receptors lie in the mucosa of the bronchial tree.

Afferent impulses passes to the medulla.

Then sequence of events is triggered by medulla oblongata

causing cough production

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Antitussives

a. Codeine

b. hydrolcodeine

c. Noscapine

d. Dextrometrophan

e. Diphenhydramine

f. benzonatate

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Some Antitussive Drugs

Somaliland antitussives

1. Paracetamol 250mg

2. Aminophylline

3. Ammonium chloride

4. Dextromethorphan 4.58mg

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ANTITUSSIVE INDICATION

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Used to stop the cough reflex whenthe cough is non-productive i.e drycough.

CLASSIFICATION1) ANTITUSSIVE

Narcotic/opioid antitussive:-

Codeine

Hydrocodone

Non-narcotic/non-opioid antitussive:-

Dextromethorphan

Benzonatate

Diphenhydramine

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Mechanism of action

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The narcotic antitissuves codeine and Hydro codeine suppress the cough reflex through a direct action on this cough center.

Non-narcotic drugs suppress the cough reflex by anesthetizing (numbing) the cough receptors in respiratory track and thus keeping the cough reflex from being stimulated in the medulla.

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Narcotic agents have anti-tissuve effects.

They are effective in suppressing the

cough reflex.

They are POM drugs.

Their use lead dependence

1. Codeine

2. Hydro codeine

Nircotic agents

Codeine

It is a very popular narcotic anti-tissuve drug.

It is a potentially addictive.

Depress the CNS activity

It is classified pregnancy category C.

Adult dose is 10-20mg

It is contraindicated:

1. Hypersensitivity

2. Respiratory depression

3. Seizure disorders

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None nircotic agents

Non-narcotic antitissuve drugs are less

effective than the narcotic ones.

They are available either alone or

combination with other agents, they are

POM drugs.

1. Dextromethorphan

2. Benzonatate

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Benzonatate

Is a non-narcotic cough medicine

It works by numbing the throat and lungs, makingthe cough reflex less active

It is a pregnancy category C

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Benzonatate: Possible Side Effects

Headache

Drowsiness

Upset stomach

Constipation

Mild itching or skin rash

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Side effect of antitussives

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Dizziness Headache Drowsiness Dry mouth Nausea Vomiting Constipation

ANTITUSSIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS

Asthma

COPD

Hypersensitivity

Head injury

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Reference

Richard A.Lehene.2007.pharmocology for nursing

care. 6th. Canada. Saunder and imprint

Colleen M.hayman.1992. Nursing92 drug

handbook.1th. USA. Jane v.cary

Abdirahman M.2009-2016.pharmocology

one.7th.somalia (hargeisa). Tawakal printing center

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