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Antisemitic incidents during1989 in the United StatesPublished online: 28 May 2010.

To cite this article: (1989) Antisemitic incidents during 1989in the United States, Patterns of Prejudice, 23:4, 49-49, DOI:10.1080/0031322X.1989.9970031

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.1989.9970031

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Reports 49

Antisemitic incidents during 1989 in the United StatesThe Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (ADL) is calling for improvedlaw enforcement against perpetrators of 'hate crimes' in its annual audit ofantisemitic incidents for 1989. The year saw a rise in activity of the Ku KluxKlan and neo-Nazi skinhead groups, and the rise of racist violence is con-firmed in the report which records the highest figure since the audit began in1979 of 1,432 antisemitic incidents throughout the United States. Nearly 60per cent of these were actions against property and included arson, bomb-ings, desecration of cemeteries and the daubing of swastikas on Jewish-owned and public property. The rest of the incidents were categorized asharassment, assault and threats against Jewish individuals and institutions.

The rise in serious vandalism and desecration has been attributed toneo-Nazi skinheads, whose visibility increased in the US during the year.One hundred and sixteen incidents in 24 of the 44 states from which theADL collects figures were of this type, a rise of 180 per cent from 1988. Someof the graffiti carried 'skinhead' signatures, as did the 13 cases of hate mailand threats directed at Jewish individuals and institutions. There was also arise in anti-Jewish incidents reported from college campuses, which includedthe beating up of two Jewish students at Brooklyn College, New York, onYom Kippur.

Even more serious was the only murder of the year, that of MaxKowalsky in Brooklyn, who was fatally stabbed after protesting againstswastikas he found daubed on his apartment door.

To counteract this activity, the ADL is demanding better education ofstudents at all levels to combat prejudice, as well as working with the policeon police training, and strengthening security at Jewish institutions. A bill-currently on its way through Congress and supported by the ADL, which hasalready been passed by the House of Representatives, would require theJustice Department to collect and publish data on hate crimes motivated byethnicity, race, religion or sexual orientation, which would lend support to'the ADL's own work in this area.

French Council of Christian Churches condemns racism andantisemitismThe French Council of Christian Churches, which was formed in 1987 torepresent Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox churches, has published adeclaration condemning racism and antisemitism. The text was also ap-proved by Alain Goldman, chief rabbi of Paris, Jean Kahn, president of theConseil Representatif des Institutions Juives de France (CRIF) and SheikhMissoum, vice-rector of the Paris mosque. The church leaders were reactingto the wave of racism and antisemitism which has been seen recently inFrance, in particular the rise of everyday racism and antisemitism and to thediscourse around the security of the French nation, seen by racists to beunder threat from immigrants, on the back of which the Front Nationalachieved electoral success at Dreux. The church leaders saw this racism and

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