antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds
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Apigenin
Luteolin
Kaempferol
QuercetinMyricetin
Rutin
Isoquercitrin
Naringenin
Hesperetin
(+) Catechin
(-) Epigallocatechin
Pelargonidin
CyanidinDelphinidin
PeonidinMalvidin
Kuromanin
Flavones
Flavonols
Flavanones
Flavanols (Catechins)
Anthocyanidins
R1 R2
H
OH
H
OHOH
H
OH
H
OH
OH
OH
H
OHOH
OCH3OCH3OH
H
H
H
HOH
OH
H
OH
OCH3
H
OH
H
HOH
HOCH3H
Cinnamic acid
3-Coumaric acidCaffeic acid
Ferulic acid
H
HH
H
H
OHOH
OH
H
HOH
OCH3
R1
R1 R2
R1 R2
R1 R2
R1 R2
R2 R3
HO O
OOH
R1
R2
OH
5
7
4
23
4'
HO O
OHO
OH
4
23
R3
HO O
OHO
4
23
HO O
HO
4
23
OH
OH
HO O
HO
R3
OH
+
COOH
5'6'
R1
R2
R1
R2
R1
R2
R1
R2
R1
R2
R3
Chlorogenic acid
HOOH
OHO
HO
H
HH
O OH
OH
O
A C
B
Phenolic acids
H
HH
rutinose-D-glucose
R3
H
HH
HH
glucose
R3
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
cfuml1
cfuml1
cfuml1
cfuml1
cfuml1
cfuml1
107
108
109
1010
0 10 20 30 40
Incubation time (h)
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109
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
106
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1010
0 2 4 6 8 10
Incubation time (h)
106
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108
109
1010
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
105
106
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109
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
(a) (b)
(c)
(e) (f)
(d)
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105
106
107
108
109
0 2 4 6 8 10
Incubation time (h)
107
108
109
1010
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
106
107
108
109
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Incubation time (h)
cfuml
1
cfuml
1
cfuml
1
(g)
(h)
(i)
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