antik yunan romaa

7/30/2019 Antik Yunan Romaa

1/27

1

Siyaset eorisininoplumsal arihi

Siyaset Teorisi Nedir?

Dv v g d d gk gk, d v

dk d, c v , v k

kkd dc k zdd. k -

, z gkd d z dk , k, -

z , b dc dbz. A b kb k,

Ek Y b kd k v d Av

ddz cd v zk dk kd b

b dd g b b d bd.1

Y d k kd zg b teorisi b b-

d; k k v k g -; ck d v v d vd,

kk, gk k k v k v -

g dc gd. B dd

g k k d b k bk, B dc

1 Hg b bdk dc, b gz bd v.B kb c d b g b dv k ddck v g b k b gz v k bkk k k d, d dv k-d k dk b d k bk k bc k k dk dv

dk kk d dcz. Dk k, dv gc k-k k c, kbk d b dk gd kd g, k gc g ck v , z bk d (M Fd, Te Evolution o Political Society,Nw Yk: Rd H, 1968, . 229-30). Dv, k, k, kb g vb.d z kc k d kck v b k c k .


2/27

14 Yd Ld

kk z k dd b, Y d k kv d teorisi gd.

Bk bkd kkd c, gc, d-

b z v kk kd Yd d d k gkd g bk z d; bgc v v kk d zd. A gk dz k, - d.

, dz k Ek Y k d , k d kk v dzdk, zg vdk dc gk g k k,

zd, v d k kbz. M- K d, d dv kkd z v -k kd vcz vd; b k d d, zkc v k, k-k k gd bdd. Kk Ydd gk Hd gd k , k v bgkd g k v k , dc g-d gz; b gk v dz k b bd d, ddkk k . Kk - d ck H dk d k, d vk; kk dk S dkbz.

Bd g Ek Y c dd-z zk Pg, Sk, P v A v b g-k z kb d d , k- b d: Azz Ag, Azz Aq T , Mc-v, Hbb, Lck, R, Hg, M v d. B d k kd; b k k vd. Gk dv- v d kb d z d; kg v vd bk. H b, v dv d vdzg g k bz vd. B dk ddk, b b d kv v k d; zd b, gv v dd g dc k d k.

Bz kc d b d dv .Bk v k b v k k- dck . H , k v d k b d gd; gk-


3/27

15S

k k b k v cv d kd kd. D k ddd d bd gkd. B

d, z d k bz ; dd b dz k k g d dd. S kd k d - b, b gkk - v dz gk d . B dd, d d d v g kd bz z, z v bkd kkzv d .

B k gb gb b k, k- k d cb dc - k k zgcd g, d k k z dz. Mdd d, z v gkc kk v b dc gb d k bd k g. Gk d k- k, d v b d k-d d zd.

Bd k k,b bd g cz; b -k kk b k k kzd z kzd cz. S cd, g k v z vdd k k , - v k kz bd d dk g; d k zd b bc b - kk d.

B k vd. S bc z dbz b. k d c k b z- g b bz b. A d - gb d vkd; g d gdk-, k k b dk, k d z k kk, d dk d gdk, -z d, d kkd bz kz v, dk bz d dz z d k bv zdk d kvbz. B, dc k -

d k dd. S d-

d k , g k bz

gk; k k kdk zc


4/27

16 Yd Ld

g dd; b kd, b ,

k, kc k, k v k bd k

b d.

Siyaset Teorisinin Tarihi

S b g d , dc -

kkd z b d z g b g-

dd; d d b g, bk -

k, d v zd, kd

v k dd v kgkdk c v. zd d kc

v vc; bd c k g dc -

d bk gk.

S d cd 1960 v 1970d kdk

z, bk kk b bd, d d v k-

d d. A zk Ak vdk

kcd, d d v k d b

bk d kb bkd. B gerek - b vd; k gk b k

d; b d k

, ne olduuyla d ne olmas gerektiiyle d.

D b z b bd k d kkz

Sk Sv k bk k d; kd kk -

vk dd. H b

d k kb. B d b d bk

c dc d, d zd vd; b dd g,

ck dd c, d bk dd k

g kvbd.

S b b bz kcc, zk-

d Sd W d d; W Politics and Vison d

d, zd c bk g b b-

d vd.2 A zd b d ABD b b-

d dc dv k g ddk k kc zk dd. B d, dv-

2 Politics and Vison: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Tought k b 1960. E g bk 2006d Pc Uv P .


5/27

17S

b k k L S k g-

d; k k d bb g kd .3

Dc, c kd g kv k

bkk, kc zd, k d-

c b z b bk d. S

c d, kd d gc k

v v k gk vdk dd dk, d k-

c . G d b zk k

dg v b v Gg W. B j k c -

k gckk; d ck S kc , gc

d ( d dkk) gd, dz-d dk d. Ack bz kd dv

d kk k k z g.

Dc k, S gz v gz

k kbc , kd v z

dc b k b k d g-

d.

B bk S d v d v

k b bk z dd. Yg b g-

g zd bz gk ddkbd

b, kc dd. Kd kc C. B.

Mc k k b k

gd; 17. z gz d, k

k ddd b d cd; b k

3 L S k dc b d. Kz k. 1899d Ad d S, 1937d ABD g v zk1949d Ccg v dk Kz Akdk - k kd; b, v ccdd. S k Sv k b: Dc d,zc gk v bg c, H k dkc k k dc kd. B d z b bdz, b bd gkd. Sg, b zk d d d d ; zk k dk(d d , b ), kz bd dcd k-, g v bg k dc v . S k gk kvk bkd kd ck, k k b kdk

d k g v zz b zg dv- k, k z b c, d z k g -d b. B k, kdk bk ddk k- d; k d a priori () k dkk gz k kk k ddd. S, d b, kd k , , b k dk, kd kbc kkd b.


6/27

18 Yd Ld

Ag-Ak bd b d z b d d.4

B kd kk v

b , z S b -c bv-

d gk k d. Pk bk,

k cd dc k d. B d

bk v, kd z-

d v kd k k k, -

, k v k dk gz d k,

bk d zd, d v dc

k b z gdc dz dgd dd

b k d.5B g g, gk , b djd ,

cd v zk d. O, v v kc

d; b , z v g

dz v g k d. Gk -

cc b d k d:

Gk k, dk? Hg

g bd? K v d dz v

k d?

B g v, v , bk d d g-

ddk b bz k z dck kd , cv-

bc d b z bc,

d g. , c k d,

v b v zdk d

d ddk kkd k . B kd b-

, kk z, z v k bd k z b gk. O g dc

b d bg j d z d-

v dg k v v kkd bz b

; b, P gb bk, d b c g b

d b z.

B d d b k kz-

4 Te Teory o Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke , 1962d Oxd Uv P -d d. Ad Mc, 1950d b k k -. O d k z v; b d b d d. B bk, kkz k b c gk.

5 bkz. D G, Beyond Ideology: Te Revival o Political Teory (Nw Yk:H d Rw, 1967).


7/27

19S

d v k k b dc k kk, k k

d. Cbdg k, zd g, b c gdk bk

kk kdk b d v b-

zdk z dd, d g bd dd. B

k k vc Q Sk, Te Foundations

o Modern Political Toughtd kk gd, k-

k d k dk (kk) dd k -

d z v; dj d kk

v b d k z d. Sk,

k bd dj k kdz z-

kvbcz; b d b bdgk d v. S kd, k-

c b kd d; bc b

k v b k g d -

d g .6

Sk g b k bc , dc kk

kv dz k d, z dk d-

d d kvz . Mc k

, k k kd.7

E d dj k zd, dk k d k gbdk d d. Hgb dv bk d dk kz bvdz z, dv dd b z. B g bz k dvdkk, kz k kd zck gd z;k b k bcd b kd. B

d d: E zdz d b k zdkk, z k dc k , dv b d d gbz.

Sk, R v R dd B dc-

g; zk d devletkv d

kz c, d v k, kd z-

d k zck v gd gd b

k ck d. D -

d d gb bd d j , gk d

6 Q Sk, Te Foundations o Modern Political Tought, Volume I: Te Renaissance(Cbdg Uv P, 1978), . x.

7 Ibid., . x.


8/27

20 Yd Ld

dc , d g kc k v kd

d b dd d g v k

kb k , d g b k.8 O, dc bk

d d, v dc gc, d kk-

d b d, dk zk z; b

zd v d, g bd

v, bk c c.

Sk k k g bz vd; Cbd-

g k d d b k, zk k d

g b d d gk z

dk k bd kd. S bk- d, dk , gk

gd v k k bdd -

d , d b k z, d zd.

A bk Cbdg k k g gd

bd; Sk v k gd

balamn, bdd k bc

gd. S, , , k

k k k z g d k. b

kd z b d d zd , -

zc v k dc kd. gd

b , k b d d. Ed -

d b b k , dc kk-

d bk, g gc d k

kd z b dk d , k zck, d-

k dzdk v djk dg d-k b kdk. Sk d

dc c d d ck g k

d dk v kc k d

z bk b v dc

.

Sk 1300-1600 dk dc g k-

kd k b kk,

b c bd gbz. Sk ddd k v kd g ; b Av-

d v k v d .

8 Ibid., . x.


9/27

21S

O kbd , k v kk, k d v

b, gc b,

v k, , k, z, c, v k

bk d z.9

Cbdg k kcd J. G. A. Pcck,

g g kd g, dd k g -

, kd d 18. z Bdk v c

k d k gd. A bdb

vk k b bk, Sk dv kd kd

d d d zk d.10 Pcck kk , g-

Bk kd; g b, 1690 d - b z k v , k b d-

; b kjdk d k . A

b v g g Bk, d c d, k

kd k gb b z d; k 16. v 17. z-

d k v k d, gz k-

z d bk kd c,

bg bd, k k g k k g

gz bkck , 18. z c kz -

d k k gb, b bdb gk bd

k. B kd c d b k dc -

d k: Pcck , bk Skd d d z,

k b k k; d zc

ddk dd gzb. B d d

v k dk dkk g; b

kk v dd.O z Pcck, d Sk d dc ta-

rihi, g bd dc g ddk bc g-

kd k v kk bz d, z-

d srelerden d k b d d d. , Cbdg

k k k, d kc g

d bk v kk g b k , -

b zd v kdk b gb,

9 Bkz. N Wd,John Locke and Agrarian Capitali sm (Bk v L Ag: Uv C P, 1984), . 11.

10 J. G. A. Pcck, Virtue, Commerce, and History (Cbdg: Cbdg Uv P,1985), . 108. Pcck g b dd g , g d c bk bkb bkk zd.


10/27

22 Yd Ld

b dz bb bz, dc v z d b

.11

M v z vg, d g z v k gz -

d bd dz. Cbdg k g-

k z bz b b z , d z

z d k. B gk , k b.

Sk, Mcv ck kd Yc

* gb b b db , z d c k bk-

d dk k b. zk Pcck d 18.

z b z c d -

z g d z v d g kd. Ak v k , ck,

g d , b d (k, b kd

d k dd) d d z k dd.

B k k Sk Hbb d Bk Y

** d bk Lck ck kd Dd

Bk Kz*** gbz. H k dd d b -

d v Cbdg , d, z -

v g g kd, g b d, b , d b dk dk b d k v

dk gz.

bkd Cbdg k d d -

d d b k vd. H k d -

, g bc, d v , d

d k d. H k d bk cvb, k-

v k z b k d,

k k v.

11 Sk , k v kz g bkz. C N-d, Q Sk S: Hc Md d d Dc, CanadianJournal o Political Science, c 18, . 2, Hz 1985, . 339-52.

* evirenin Notu: M--c, v R dd d -

c vd b v k c d b d-b .

** 1649d k d ddk Cw ddk gz U B k Y d d k (Egg Cv).

*** 1678-1681 d k kk kd Kk d d dk ck g (Exc C).


11/27

23S

Siyaset Teorisinin Toplumsal Tarihi

B kb k

bk kb, gk bk d kd z- v kdk k g dkd.12 O

g d kk dzd d dk, bk z-

v k z b dk, v zk-

g v v zd bz k dk

b, b v dd. kz, b b b

dv bk, zc b d; b

d k k d d. A d

g b vd bkdd, djk bk, v dd.

A zd d bk d, d

d gdc dd. S b b k -

d; k d v vd; g b

d. Bk, d z d v k-

d k k bk, d d v bz kd

dd. P Republic d kv k d d-

k bg dz bk, z bk gd gd; v v k gk d. A

v cv (d k bd c gb) A

dk b.

S d d v bd b-

k b k, kk dk d bkk ddk

gz. H kd, dc , c-

kz, v d k g bdk d-

d ddk kzd. Bd cz

d k cd; b d z

, bk , dc kdd ck zd g-

zg k d b z

zg b b d k k d; zd d-

bd v k bd d

kd.

S z dk b kv-, z gdk bz d-

: kbk v d bk bb

12 S bkz. N Wd, T ScH Pc T, c. 6, N. 3, A 1978, . 345-67.


12/27

24 Yd Ld

v d k g. Hg b zd v dk

k v k bk k k-

v d , dd k-

b, bz , d k-

d, dk k,

b kd k k b v b k

g d v zd d v cd-

g b bz gk.

b k b, b dc, d

kd kbc, dbc

gz. k dz dc g b dk k kd , kd bd d v g

g, b kd g. Cbdg k

d d cv bk -

k z gk; dk v-

, dk gd gd kb kd. A -

, b zc k d

v kk dz k d gdk cz;

zd dd v d,

dk k bd bk v ggk

d b kd.

B k Cbdg kkd, b -

k gdk d kd, d sreleri . B-

k Y d Dd Bk Kz gb djk ,

Hbb d Lck gb d kkd b ; b

d, d bd d g - zk, bk kc, k k z-

d k g.

S kd, k bd v dv d

z d g d, d b -djk -

k v. Gk d , dk bd

dvz b gb bdb dk dg

d gk gd b zd g dd.

A J Lck gb b d, b d z k k, d d d d bk d-

v ggk kd k,

k v dv gb, zk d kz k k-


13/27

25S

dbcz d bk, kd. Kk-

z Lck, kz ddz g gzd; k,

k v dv k d kd -

d. O b g bd kk,

kk, kd dk k-

kk gd gb, g k d

d z .

E dk d, dk k -

, dk k, b kk zd gkd d

gzb. , k k v d B

d Av dd bk dd. B Av dd v k k g, d-

k dd kdk dk dz

k k k v dk dv k d

bkz.

S dc , c c-

v kjk bb dgdk dk -

z v k kk gz. S d

zc gk z, zd

gd gd d ; b d ,

bk d, k k kdk b k -

d dk. , dv , k k gz v

Fzd dk gd k.13

Yc b dk bd kd

gz. Dkk d k g b k b b b -

zk, k g v k d kz kbdc b k dkk g. Ek -

d gd v k b

k k z b k dk cdd

kk b, Fdk k, v

vg b dv dk gd kd. A

d dkd b k d k k g

, c , d dv gv k g-

b. Bk d, kd b

13 B d k kbd cd: Te Pristine Culture o Capitalism:A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern Stataes , Ld: V, 1992. (KapitalizminArkaik Kltr: Eski Rejimler ve Modern Devletler stne arihsel Bir Deneme, v. O K-, Yd K, 2007.)


14/27

26 Yd Ld

b vgk d kkz bk z g-

k dg zz d k , b

g, d d k b

kd dz gk , d b k

v d vc dgz gk.

B k, bk b z v k kc

bz zz ck b d dd k -

gz. bd k d b

k k. , kkd k, -

bdd; dc d c v k d

d bz d, k k bbz, zd d kk, v -

k d gbz d gkd.

b dc dz bzd ck k d-

z vd v z gb bz d z bc -

z g kz. B k dd kd, g-

bk d dk kc b zd.

A kkd d kckk,

v d k k -

kd z d kk b v k d

z dd. k k; k-

kd dd v k d k, k

kz kbk .

S k g b d, k-

kc d k. S d siyasetle g

dk zd b k, gk k v dz bkd d d v b k

gk. E vd b, kd

zz v kz g gz v kv z g-

k , b kd -

bk gkz.

, g d A d kk -

k b v k; b b d k kk


15/27

27S

g.14 B v g, k d , Ekddk

k d dk k, gk , b d-

d b k gz; k b k,

kd z v k -kd k -

g kb z. B , v -

k d dzd b k dd-

z. A A kd gk b -

vd k k d kk

b d c, d d d k

cz z, gz d g bk b z

v k d d k bz - b d gb g.

S , kd zz dbck b-

z bk b d v. E k b-

d k, d kd zz d z. O

b k kvk, kd dz

b d, bk z v bk dc g -

d, bkz . A zd, d d kb -

z b v, d d d zz. E b kk, zz v k-

z g dc v v gz z kb -

d z gz.

14 A Sx, M. I. F Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology kb -d, z k, d gk, kk zd z bz d d b v c k z -; A gb k dcdk d k.E, K d g A dc, (...) bz b b kv d g; k d b bz d b z. Kk zc k k dd d c b d- dd. B, d kd b dd. F b d-k k, k v d d dd. v d dk -z z k A b d-k k kc dd. F, bz b b z v k zkgk; b d d gz Ak k bkd Akkc vgk k kk k k-kd. B k z dz gk d zkd (Political Te-ory, c. 9, N. 4, K 1981, . 579). A k g k d kc bbd d g dc d d k dz, b bd

Y ddk b kk g dc k d gkz.A k, g k d b vd d ,k gerekelendirmedi i b ( , k k gk dd d d k d). A kd, A k d z dc b v; b d kk g , z v k (k b bz k kc k g d A gbkd k ) gkd kd.


16/27

28 Yd Ld

B k , , bz

v gk d k k bkd

gb. Cbdg bd b bz, k z-

d, kd zz v kz d -

ck k b d d . Od ck

b d, k d, bzk-

k bd dd d. S d

ck d kdbz , kdz

k d kdz; bzd ck kz d-

c z kk bkd d, bz b d bk b

g d d d d.D b c, dc bz kk v -

dk k dk d, zd zg b

b k vk. K zc , -

dg d, b k k k v k-

cc b d. B b k, b

dd d k zg z d b

gk. B k, bz k

c bd, zc dd, dd v k k

Y gd, R kk d H j gb b -

d b d vk d.

B z d b dg k -

; bz k g k v k ,

bk k d z vg db. O, b

kk k, b bd z dd d

kd g; b k, k bk b d; b bk d k-

b.

Siyaset Teorisinin Kkeni

B , Ek Yd d k

dk k vd. Gck bd gk

, b gv dd b k, zkd A g d z bg ck. B bd kdz,

gd b Y d k gk -

g k cz.


17/27

29S

Kkz 8. zd zg Y dv

kd; b bz Ad d gb k 5. z-

d g 4. z kd , kd kd dk

v. B dv, d kk gk dv-

d v Ydk c dvd, M v Mk

kk d kk kd. A bkk b dzk -

z, c b b dv ( dv db)

d; k

d d,yurttalardd vkd kd b -

z kd. Y , A dkd

d gb d kc d S v G k dvdkgb d z kc bd. Pk, zck d dz gb,

dk k d k v g v b, -

c k d ,

. b b k, gk g dkd v z-

k Ad d bgd.

Bc z gdd Y, z kd

g bd v dcd, db b k kz d-

kd d b dd. B k bk bk,zk dkd, b k kz, bz b ,

z k ddk zc z bc

d v zc kz .

Yd, zk d Ad gk , z dk-

k d .

Hk , c v k k g bd v

dk gkd; b d -

dk v kk bkd d. kd

bk v b . C b kd , d-

kk v g zg b k ; z d v k -

k , b d z b-

b dc k, k d v k b

g b k kd; b d gz kd

, kd v dc k b bd d db c-

kd.B z g gd b b

dc z, b b d, d d c k-

b d bk v zk

dk d kd bkz gk. A , -


18/27

30 Yd Ld

k v Y kk zd dk b b g-

d z k bd dck. Acz bkd

bd, dd k z d g z

vgcz.

P, zc bg b b d, zd

k zg b g d. D kk gk-

d dv, - k c dk k d

g, c b k . B z z

Mc z: Yc dk -

ck . B v d, gk kbb dk d

kb d. B k, bk gk g z, c c dk k z k gz zkd.

B k dvd, k d kk b

vd; c c v k b k.

Dv b gc dk z g v d

c d bz , d d dv c-

kd. Dv k b k bk v d

db vd. k z k c -

d d b, dv gv, bk k k-k, kk k dv k gv vg,

d g b d. z k

bc bk k v v dv gv b

v dv, z b d, b b

d g v g k b zk bd

g g.

O d k bkk dv, dd c v zk k

k k v k, b - b kd. B dv b Yd d k bk,

d, d Rd, k b k, k v -

k bkd k b cd b g d-

. D, zk d Fk v Kc, Y

d R C bz d bz k dvd

b; d d dv g v k-

d k k, v v k k, Y v R-

d kk.Kyl- dc, d k dv d k d

zk. Y v Rdk k d k bd

ck dk k v zk gb c


19/27

31S

zg v dv k z. Y-

d v R Cd, k c,

k c v k d, d k-

v d, k k k, dd b-

b k k gd. z k d c v zk

bd gk, kd dv dk . Gk (

kc) dv () b kd k k, k v

kd , zg dk gd.

B dv zk, dc k kk -

. P, dkk A dk, d

bz Y dvd v k Y zk dv b d. Republic P, b -

c , c v k k -

d ; b dv c k k zgd,

k vd d zg z k b dd-

. Yc kd z k b k bk, c

kk k bd v -k,

d d kk zdd. S v k

v, P v A d gk k v g k, dc c . D b d-

, ck ; b. Kkz P

k b k kc g S v G gb Y k

dvd; kdk b d Md

zd bz Y k dk Md.

D kk z, g d z dk

bd v bg b Y-R vd. zk

k dk P Laws d d, dkk k-c bd d A, Pb v Cc zd k-

. Zg v k, k v c, k b-

v k k b v v k k d b dv,

z k b g k k bd b z ,

zg Y v R g . K k, Y-

Rdk dvd zk d ,

z d b k dv : Dk,

g, . B , bd b , k- d b. zk zg v k gk

v dkk db; zg ,

g c b d k v d k


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32 Yd Ld

v kk k d, dg gk

vk b.

H , d k, c kd

k k Y v R k dk, mlkiyet v sn

k b dk zk, dd d. B k-

, zk dkk , b dz kd zg k v

k dd. A gb b d b dz

k zg d vd. Ad kd g -

z v bbd z d k b d k;

kd v d v dk -

k, b dkd d zd. B k, kd v jd, k b d kd

gd, b d kc z v b-

gkd. Hb gz z kb dzd; kk

d v zd d,

dv k b d, k kk c d,

d c dd.

Y kc dv zg b kdd-

v kz k , dd z-k d. Dv kk v k -

d. Y b k, v k kk

gd; k k d v

c dk d b d d? Yk k-

d d d zg k

k dk g z. Hkk v kk

g; dd d bk d dz

d k d v dk kk; - d g d b b

gk gkd.

Ak d b c k k kb

dd b g kd, bd v bzz gk

k d vzd. Kz k b z d-

, c k dkd. Gk vc,

z d k k d k dk

cv vk , k d k kk z k gk zdd. Ak v k kk v b-

bc d k d. A -

gkd d c k v b k


21/27

33S

gkd kd. (b Y

c v k bd ck), k v -

k d k , k dc gk d v -

d d. B dk bd cvbd; bz

dk , bz g dkc d bd.

P, dk k d kk d kd

k gk d zd; dk b dc

dd d v k , gk -

k zdd.

Tarihte Siyaset Teorisine Genel Bak

P d dc b, k dk dv b-

d, d k zd d dd v k

gd bd. B z k b k z-

dd. B g Ek Y

dd; k b Av -

kzd dv . Dk bd z k zk,

dv g bz v gc b dk dkg, gd b dd. B d, c -

, dz k, k v c -

dk d dv dv c vd. D d,

dv k b b b v - k k gd.

Dv k d bkd, g c

z dkk kd b c k -

d. Gk d dv , bk d b z

k d b. zk B bc k,, bk d v k -k zk-

k d, gd v bdd. A kk

dv k dk v d z d dd k

k k bk, B kkd, z kk

k gb k z . O z

v, zc v gkdk c-

bk k bd g gb .

Sc c dk k, kzg kk bd dck; B

bk d, k dv, c c

dk g d. G k, B


22/27

34 Yd Ld

g, k v dv g dc,

z c k g d dkk ck

b, g b d zc bk k

d d d. A k k, b d ,

bd bck kdkz -

z. Dv, k b v c dk kk

k, d k, B g, dd .

Eb g g d k kd -

B zg d. A Bdk v b-

d g k d zg b v. B b

d, d kk k dd b c -c dk k b z c b dk

k d. z k, b d, k-

- R dd kzd v z

gk A dkk k k bz k

Avd d kzd. Fd v k d Av,

kd bdc c c dk k bz

b zck; k k kd dck, -

gc k k , g d k k-d g kdck. A b dd b c -

c dk k z k. k b

b c , k , dv g

kk b g k k k gd; b k

k, d k v dv kb d, d

dd k kd.

Mk zk v g dv k k-

, Bd k z k cd bdcd k zd d. Mc v b-

k k kk b c c-

d b b vzd; k k

dv d, bk d , k d b b vd.

Ek Yd B , dkk kck d-

cd d k bk b, gck bd ccz

d k bk k gdd bk dkk

v k d. R, kk c -d, A dk gb d k k k k-

d; Y gb v b g d. A

R kk gb g bk k bk


23/27

35S

v k k gd. k H

k v b d g k d.

R k z v dv d kk

k b zk d. H d c,

B k k , k bz g d

ddk k dv k k kz R kb d-

k, imperium (gk) v dominium (k kk) k

; kd, kk kk v k d g k

d. B, Cc d On Duties (De Oficiis) d

z k dv c, z k kk d

dv b d d gd g dz. , B kz k dv z k k,

b v dk gg v.

B k kd b dk ggk, c

k gk d v k dd; d g-

cz gb, R kd b -

. Fdz k ggkdominium z,

dv , b k d . Dv

g c d k z c-c k d dv, k, b, k k v d-

kd b zk k. Mkz k

d dv gk gd; kk b

k v bb kb d k vd;

b, zc k v d d d, zd d-

k zk z k dd; K R v

d cb.15 Fd k k d, d v, d

k dk -k kd, d b k- bd. Fd d , k b k

d bk k d g b v

zd v k imperium b b k dv b -

k.

Mk dv dk d g z kd

zd. K kd d kz k dk

15 P gk kv bkz. P Ad, Passages rom Antiquity to Feu-dalism (Ld: V, 1974), . 148f. D gcz gb g z dz kb d. B k k d v kd; Agk dvz g k b, Nd d b b d; b d gk d, Kd d d, gd d. g z k-z zg g, b zg d z bd . B k d d kck.


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36 Yd Ld

dv bvck; g dv -

kz bkck. Kz, k dkk b dc kd, d k

v k d dd g dv b dk - d k .

S d, d b kk g d-kk v ggk kk z k kdk gd v dz d. Mk dvdk k k kkk kzd; kd d k, k kk v k, dv gc - , z k g zk, gkkv, kk v d kk -k dd. Hkk g v K bz b gk k kd; k kk k-, K, k d k gd- gd. Sd kz g, k v dv, k vz, v kd, dv v v dk k Ab d, v k k g -d ck bd d d kd, kvd v kv k.

B bc, d gcz z, dc d v k- k k d d, v kdk d-kk d d Av dv d kkk vd. Yzc bbd k Av dz k;dz z, bbd k d d gk;dk k dvd, Adk k, F -k dv, Hd c c kd dk - k; dzd kz g d g z-c gd gk. Av k b k v k B g v bk d , b b, kd z-g gk .

B k d k v. Eg dv -dk k k, B b zg k kz-d. Mk b g k z -k, k v kd g kk dv k bk, kd zk g, dv kdk k v zd zgk bkd, dv kdk g-d kz k; b gk dv k d d -


25/27

37S

kk zd kzd. Bc k d kk d gbd: Ld bk k d b dv dv d kkd, d k-

dd. B d, v k dzd b, k k, kk- v g k c -dc d.

Kutsal Eserler

Kk B d g cd dz

d g d bk z k . N B Avv k bk kk d - bz kkc z k d? k z bAzz L, d d, kd- dk kk g, k v zk dkbk, kdk g dd, gck v z- b kk v bk k dkd zb k d?

H B gd b bk d? zkABD vd B g d, kk g z kb d d kd g k gdkd. d D v B b kk k. ,Ek Y k B g b k - d? D k B, b kg ; Av kv b dk g b k. EkY, d M d Pd k d d ; k

Y z Av, b d, dbk Akdz v D d d gb. Bd, D, Avd d Bd b d d; d- b B d Av b -k kg b gk k. Dg k k b k k kz, B b z gb k k b, g B gd z z? , g dj d kd

gk d k ?B kk g zd k b cv v. B-

c, b c bkd, B b

z gb k gk, d Av ddz


26/27

38 Yd Ld

c d kk kd b g b z-

k g d. B bc gc z, d-

k b kk b B d gz b

v k zk vd v b b zg dc

k . Ek Y v R b g

k gk b, Bdk k k

z v g Y-R k kd

gbzd.16

O d, b k kk Bdk

dv dkck. G dc d d v g-

k dz b db z b , B - z kd; b d b, b

d kzd v gz dd z z bk-

. B gk g dcd; b b

b d dk k g, gk

dc d gd. B g dc

bz d d; b z-

d gc bk gkdk d k. K

d d b dk bd d dd.Kk kd b B dv bg z,

zk v z k dk g . B gk

d Azz Ld ; k d g dc d

k g , k b kk (v, gk kk) v

d k . A bd z g d,

bc bk k gk -

kd. A b kk, d z gk-

. , z bd zkd. Bd, kd v k

k v z bz. b bkd v

d dd kk vbdk k d z b-

dk; z kd b, gk dkk

v b k, g , b d bkdk

kd, kk kkd d k bz.

B d, dkz (kk) d -

v b g k gd kb

16 Bkz. P Cg, Te Greeks (Oxd: Oxd Uv P, 2. b, 2002). B d,Y zg kvdz z kd v k kz d bcz; kk, d zdk k-k, c .


27/27

39S

d b kb dd. Bz kd, kk d d-

kk v k, d d . A

b bk v d b b dc g,

b g d dk d d. , b

g d b d kvk. B , bk -

, kk gk v g k, b

bd k v cd k. B b -

kv kz, kkd bz bck

g v d kbcz bz; d b, bz

c b k d b k bz.

antik yunan romaa

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