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MAT

TER

Antimatter is the extension of theconcept of the antiparticle tomatter.

Antimatter is composed ofantiparticle, i.e. particles withidentical mass and spin as thoseof ordinary particles, but withopposite charge and magneticproperties.

They are literally the mirror imageof matter.

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Paul Dirac’s relativistic equation ofmotion for the electron Predicted thepositron, antimatter partner of theelectron, predicted that negative protonsmust also exist.

Speculated that half the stars may bemade of antimatter.

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Positrons

Antiprotons

Antineutrinos

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One way to denote an antiparticle is by adding a bar over

the particle's symbol.

Antiparticles are created everywhere in the universe

where high-energy particle collisions take place.

There are several theories about

how antimatter gravitationally

interacts with normal matter:

Normal Gravity

Antigravity

Gravivector & Graviscalar

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Particles of most atoms are accelerated to very

high speeds.

The particles are aimed and allowed to impact on a target (tungsten).

The kinetic energy caused by acceleration

is converted into gamma radiation,

positrons and antiprotons. 7

Antiprotons can be controlled in magnetic fields.

One method for antiproton storage is the Penning Trap

Super cold, vacuumed, electromagnetic bottle in which charged particles of antimatter can be suspended.

Capacity = 1 x 1010 antiprotons/week.

Developers believe that 1 x 1020 antiprotons must be stored

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Scientists and Physicists want to harness this createdenergy.

Proton-Antiproton reaction can be controlled bymagnetism.

Beam Core - Direct one to one annihilation, magneticfields focus the energetic charged pions that are useddirectly as the exhausted propellant mass.

These pions travel close to speed of light so thespecific impulse could be greater than 10,000,000seconds.

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Current trap can

only store 1010

antiproton for one week.

Next stage an

improvement to 1012

antiproton storage.

For complete antimatter propulsion,

1020

antiprotons needed to be stored.

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When antimatter comes into contact with normal matter, these equal and opposite charges collide to produce an explosion emitting pure

radiations.

Scientists believe that this energy is more powerful

than any that can be generated by other propulsion system.

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Antimatter is thecostliest material tomake in this world.

In 2006, GernaldSmith estimated 250million dollars couldproduce 10 milligramsof positrons which isequivalent to $62.5trillion per gram ofantihydrogen.

According to CERN, ithas cost a fewhundred million SwissFrancs to produceabout 1 billionth of agram.

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With today’s technology, antimatter is being considered for medical, and rocket propulsion purposes.

Antimatter Propelled Spaceship.

High Energy Antimatter Telescope.

HEAT is another use for antimatter. This project is a NASA program that uses a high-altitude balloon-borne experiment to study

antimatter.

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Antimatter is a fuel source that produces huge amounts ofenergy. 1gram of antimatter can heat 1kg of water to atemperature of about 20,000 times temperature of thecore of the sun.

Energy is mainly due to annihilation of matter andantimatter.

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Antimatter-matter reaction

have practical application

in medical imaging , such

as Positron Emission

Tomography (PET).

It is heavily used in clinical

oncology (medical imaging

of tumours and search for

metastases).

PET is also an important

research tool to map

normal human brain and

heart function.

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An antimatter weapon is a hypothetical device using antimatter as a power

source, a propellant or an explosive for weapons.

Antimatter weapons do not currently exists due to the cost of production and

the limited technology available to produce and contain antimatter

insufficient quantities for it to be a useful weapon.

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Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

(AMS) to be installed on the

International Space Station in

2002 - 2003.

This AMS is designed to look for

heavy antimatter -- anti-helium

nuclei or anti-carbon's, that may

come enter our solar system from

far away antimatter galaxies.

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Due to the highest energy release per unit mass of any known reaction we can say that

antimatter will be a future fuel but need a reliable method of producing large amount of it.

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