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OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to:a) review disease process of Diabetes mellitus

b) discuss the role of insulin in metabolic processc) discuss different types of anti-diabetic agents with

their mode of action, side effects and cared) list the principles of therapy for all anti-diabetic

agentse) state the reasons for combinations of insuli and oral

hypoglycemic agents.

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DIABETES MELLITUS

Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by lack or inefficient use of insulin in the body.

Diabetes is classified as: Type –I (IDDM) Type – II (NIDDM)

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Disease process of Diabetes mellitus

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INSULIN

Sources of insulin: Bovine insulin Porcine insulin Human insulin

Uses Pharmacokinetics:

Injected as SC, IM, IV Peak plasma concentration attain in 60-

90min.

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Insulin preparations Insulin preparations differ with respect to their:

Source Strength Formulation

Dose: 0.3units/kg (16 – 20units daily) Adverse effects of insulin:

Hypoglycemia Lipodystrophy Allergic reactions

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ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS:

1. Sulphonylureas: Example: Glibenclamide

Gliclazide Glipizide Glimepride

2. Biguanide:Example: Metformin

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ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS:

3. Thiazolidinediones: Example: Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

4. Meglitinide:Example: Repaglinide

Netaglinide

5. Alpha- glucidose inhibitors:

Example: Acarbose

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Nursing process

Assessment, Potential nursing diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

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Nursing process

Assessment, Potential nursing diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

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