anti competition laws of other countries.docx

7/23/2019 ANTI COMPETITION LAWS OF OTHER COUNTRIES.docx

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I. ANTI-COMPETITION LAW OF OTHER COUNTRIES

The Philippines is a member o !he Asso"ia!ion o So#!h Eas! Asian Na!ions

$ASEAN% "o#n!ries &hi"h also in"l#'es Sin(apore) Mala*sia) Thailan') +ie!nam)

In'onesia) M*anmar) Laos) Cambo'ia an' ,r#nei.

The ASEAN Member S!a!es $AMS% hae "ommi!!e' in !he ASEAN E"onomi"

,l#eprin! !o in!ro'#"e na!ion-&i'e "ompe!i!ion poli"* an' la& b* /01. The ob2e"!ie is

!o ens#re !ha! a leel-pla*in(-iel' an' a "#l!#re o air b#siness "ompe!i!ion are

os!ere' or enhan"e' re(ional an' e"onomi" perorman"e in !he *ears !o "ome. The 0/

na!ion members o ASEAN hae "ommi!!e' !o implemen! an ASEAN E"onomi"

Comm#ni!* $AEC% b* /01.

One o !he ob2e"!ies o !he AEC is !o "rea!e a "ompe!i!ie e"onomi" re(ion

&hi"h os!ers a "#l!#re o air "ompe!i!ion in all ASEAN Members b* /01. 0

O all !he ASEAN members) Cambo'ia) ,r#nei an' Laos are !he onl* "o#n!ries

&hi"h 'o no! hae a (eneri" "ompe!i!ion la& as o !his repor! .

This se"!ion 'is"#sses briel* on !he e3is!in( "ompe!i!ion la&s o ea"h ASEAN

Member.

A. Sin(apore

The Sin(apore Compe!i!ion A"! //4 seres as !he (eneri" "ompe!i!ion la& o

Sin(apore. The A"! prohibi!s an!i-"ompe!i!ie a(reemen!s) 'e"isions an' "on"er!e'

pra"!i"es5 ab#se o 'ominan! posi!ion5 an' mer(ers an' a"6#isi!ions !ha! &ill

s#bs!an!iall* lessen "ompe!i!ion &i!hin an* mar7e!. The A"! is a'minis!ere' an'

enor"e' b* !he Compe!i!ion Commission o Sin(apore $CCS%.

1 Competition laws in ASEAN: A South-East Asian perspective. Rodyk and Davidson

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A(reemen!s) 'e"isions or "on"er!e' pra"!i"es &hi"h hae !he ob2e"! or ee"! o

preen!in() res!ri"!in( or 'is!or!in( "ompe!i!ion &i!hin Sin(apore are prohibi!e' #n'er

Se"!ion 84 o !he A"!. E3amples o iola!ions o Se"!ion 84 are pri"e i3in() bi' ri((in(

an' "oll#sie !en'erin(. An!i-"ompe!i!ie a(reemen!s or 'e"isions a(ains! Se"!ion 84

are oi' $i.e. o no ee"!% !o !he e3!en! o !he inrin(emen!. There are also penal!ies an'

"iil liabili!ies or inrin(emen! o !he A"!.

An* "on'#"! o an* #n'er!a7in( &hi"h amo#n!s !o !he ab#se o a 'ominan!

posi!ion in an* mar7e! in Sin(apore) is prohibi!e' #n'er Se"!ion 49 o !he A"!. The

relean! mar7e! m#s! be 'e!ermine' $see belo&% !o assess &he!her an #n'er!a7in( is

'ominan!. An #n'er!a7in( &ill no! be "onsi'ere' 'ominan! #nless i! has s#bs!an!ial

mar7e! po&er. Ab#se o 'ominan"e o""#rs in si!#a!ions &here !he 'ominan! irm #ses

!a"!i"s s#"h as s#s!aine' e3!reme lo& pri"in( !o !a7e #nair a'an!a(e o i!s posi!ion !o

'rie o#! e3is!in( an' po!en!ial "ompe!i!ors.

Se"!ion 14 'eals &i!h !he prohibi!ion o mer(ers &hi"h hae res#l!e' or ma*

res#l! in a s#bs!an!ial lessenin( o "ompe!i!ion &i!hin an* mar7e! in Sin(apore or (oo's

an' seri"es. Oi"ers or members o "orpora!ions an' asso"ia!ions an' par!ners o

par!nerships) i impli"a!e' $&he!her b* "onsen!) "onnian"e or ne(le"!% in !he oen"e

&ill be (#il!* o !he oen"e !o(e!her &i!h !he "orpora!ion) asso"ia!ion or par!nership as

!he "ase ma* be.

,. Mala*sia

" Competition aw #uide. Answers to your $uestions on the Competition Act o%

"&&'. (Rodyk and Davidson)


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The Mala*sian Compe!i!ion A"! /0/ !oo7 ee"! on 0 :an#ar* /0. The A"!

"on!ains prohibi!ions on an!i-"ompe!i!ie a(reemen!s an' ab#se o 'ominan"e) al!ho#(h

i! 'oes no! proi'e or "ompe!i!ion la& re(#la!ion on mer(er "on!rol. The A"! is enor"e'

b* !he Mala*sia Compe!i!ion Commission $M*CC%) a "orpora!e bo'* es!ablishe' #n'er

!he Compe!i!ion Commission A"! /0/.

The A"! prohibi!s hori;on!al an' er!i"al a(reemen!s be!&een en!erprises !ha!

hae !he ob2e"! or ee"! o si(nii"an!l* preen!in() res!ri"!in( or 'is!or!in( "ompe!i!ion

in an* mar7e! or (oo's or seri"es. Proisions in a(reemen!s !ha! inrin(e !he A"! &ill

be #nenor"eable as s#"h proisions are "onsi'ere' ille(al p#rs#an! !o !he Con!ra"!s

A"! 0


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The Thailan' Compe!i!ion A"! o 0mar7e!-'omina!in( b#siness

opera!ors?. A res!ri"!ion !o a >mar7e!-'omina!in( b#siness opera!or? in"l#'es #nairl*

i3in( or 7eepin( b#*in( or sellin( pri"es o (oo's or seri"es5 #nairl* se!!in( "on'i!ions

in a manner !o or"e) 'ire"!l*) or in'ire"!l*) o!her b#siness opera!ors &ho are !heir

"#s!omers !o res!ri"! !heir seri"es) pro'#"!ion) p#r"hase) or 'is!rib#!ion o (oo's) or

!heir oppor!#ni!* !o "hoose !he p#r"hase or sale o (oo's) !he ob!ainin( or proi'in( o

seri"es or !he pro"#rin( o "re'i!s rom o!her b#siness opera!ors5 #nreasonabl*

s#spen'in() re'#"in() or limi!in( seri"es) pro'#"!ion) p#r"hase) 'is!rib#!ion) 'elier*

an' impor!) 'es!ro*in( or 'ama(in( (oo's in or'er !o ma7e !heir s#ppl* less !han

mar7e! 'eman's5 or #nreasonabl* in!erenin( o!her persons= b#siness opera!ions.

Se"!ion @ s!a!es !ha! an* mer(er !ha! ma* "rea!e monopolis!i" po&er or re'#"e

"ompe!i!ion are prohibi!e') #nless !he mer(er (e! permission rom !he Commission in

!he "ase !ha! i! is ne"essar* in !he b#siness an' benei"ial !o !he e"onom*.

Se"!ion 9 prohibi!s a b#siness opera!or rom "onspirin() "oll#'in( or

"ollabora!in( &i!h ano!her b#siness opera!or in or'er !o "rea!e monopolis!i" po&er) or

re'#"e "ompe!i!ion. In !he "ase &here i! is reasonabl* ne"essar* in !he b#siness an'

has no serio#s harm !o !he e"onom*) !he b#siness opera!ors shall s#bmi! an appli"a!ion

or permission !o !he Commission. The Commission has alrea'* approe' orms) r#les

an' pro"e'#res !o appl* or permission o an* 7in's o an!i-"ompe!i!ie a(reemen!s.


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The enor"emen! bo'* o !he A"! is !he Tra'e Compe!i!ion Commission. Fail#re

!o abi'e b* !he aboe proisions o !he Compe!i!ion A"! "o#l' res#l! in 2ail !erms o

be!&een one !o !hree *ears an'or ines ran(in( rom !&o !o si3 million bah!. 4

B. +ie!nam

The +ie!nam Compe!i!ion A"! $no 9--4-H00% is !he main le(isla!ion !ha!

(oerns "ompe!i!ion la& in +ie!nam. The A"! proi'es or proisions &hi"h "on!rol

a(reemen!s in res!rain! o "ompe!i!ion) ab#se o 'ominan! mar7e! an' monopol*

posi!ion) an' e"onomi" "on"en!ra!ion &hi"h in"l#'e mer(er) "onsoli'a!ion) a"6#isi!ion)

2oin! en!#res an' o!her orms o mar7e! "on"en!ra!ions. The !&o re(#la!ors in "har(e o

re(#la!in( "ompe!i!ion are !he +ie!nam Compe!i!ion A'minis!ra!ion Bepar!men! $+CAB%

&hi"h alls #n'er !he Minis!r* o In'#s!r* an' Tra'e) an' !he +ie!nam Compe!i!ion

Co#n"il $+CC%.1

E. In'onesia

La& No. 1 o 0


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!r#s!) oli(opson*) er!i"al in!e(ra!ion) or e3"l#sie 'ealin() as &ell as "on!ra"!s &i!h

orei(n par!ies !ha! ma* res#l! in monopolis!i" pra"!i"es or #nair b#siness "ompe!i!ion.

La& No. 1 prohibi!s monopol*) monopson*) mar7e! 'ominan"e) an' "onspira"*.

Ho&eer) #nli7e prohibi!e' "on!ra"!s) prohibi!e' a"!ii!ies "an appl* !o a sin(le

en!reprene#r.

The prohibi!ion a(ains! !he ab#se o a mar7e! 'ominan! posi!ion "en!ers on

in!erlo"7in( 'ire"!ora!es) share o&nership) an' mer(ers) a"6#isi!ions) an' 'issol#!ions.

La& No. 1 hol's !ha! en!reprene#rs o""#p* a mar7e! 'ominan! posi!ion i an* one

en!reprene#r) or one (ro#p o en!reprene#rs) "on!rols a! leas! 1/ o !he relean!

mar7e! share) or i !&o or !hree en!reprene#rs) or (ro#ps o en!reprene#rs) "on!rol a!

leas! 91.

The na!ional "ompe!i!ion a(en"* 7no&n as omisi Pen(a&as Persain(an Usaha

$PPU% re(#la!es "ompe!i!ion la& in In'onesia. +iola!ion o !he La& ma* res#l! !o

"riminal an' "iil penal!ies) reo"a!ion o b#siness li"ense) ban on in'ii'#als hol'in(

mana(emen! posi!ions an' !ermina!ion o "er!ain a"!ii!ies !ha! "a#se losses !o o!her

par!ies.@

F. M*anmar

On Febr#ar* 4) /01) M*anmar ena"!e' i!s "ompe!i!ion la& $The P*i'a#n(s#

Hl#!!a& La& No. < /01%. The Compe!i!ion La& se!s a o#n'a!ion or "rea!ion o a

re(#la!or* bo'* &i!h ines!i(a!ie an' a'2#'i"a!ie po&ers) a''resses !he !hree

s!an'ar' pillars o "ompe!i!ion la& $a(reemen!s !ha! res!rain "ompe!i!ion) ab#se o

'ominan"e an' mer(ers% as &ell #nair !ra'e pra"!i"es $>UTP?%) es!ablishes a

6 ;ashins

Antimonopoly aw 0y ikmahanto ?uwana


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"omprehensie penal!* re(ime &i!h !he po!en!ial or pria!e 'ama(es) "oni"!ion o

senior mana(ers an' a lenien"* poli"*. The prin"ipal re(#la!or* a#!hori!* #n'er !he

Compe!i!ion La& &ill be !he Compe!i!ion Commission. A"!ii!ies !ha! are no! allo&e' b*

!he la& in"l#'e pri"e i3in() a(reemen! !o limi! "ompe!i!ion) bi' ri((in( an' "on!rollin(

a""ess !o a relean! mar7e!.9

G. ,r#nei

,r#nei Bar#ssalam 'oes no! hae (eneri" le(isla!ion &hi"h re(#la!es "ompe!i!ion

la& b#! implemen!s i!s "ompe!i!ion poli"* on a se"!oral basis. Compe!i!ion-rela!e'

proisions hae been implemen!e' in !he !ele"omm#ni"a!ions se"!or #n'er !he A#!hori!*

or Ino-"omm#ni"a!ions Te"hnolo(* In'#s!r* o ,r#nei Bar#ssalam Or'er //0 $!he

AITI Or'er% an' !he Tele"omm#ni"a!ions Or'er //0. ,o!h !he AITI Or'er an' !he

Tele"omm#ni"a!ions Or'er appl* !o all "ommer"ial en!i!ies !ha! hae ob!aine' a li"ense

!o opera!e as a seri"e or inras!r#"!#re proi'er in !he !ele"omm#ni"a!ions in'#s!r*.

8 yanmar@s new Competition aw: an important ,rst step in the ri

anti competition laws of other countries.docx

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