ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWSNewspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price 5p. March 1972This month, Rhodesian leaders should get a final answer on how the mauority feels aout the settlementterms. 'Y t

Aiui-Apastheid News March 1972. Pag 2ACTION -NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALSA Governmentorders Waspsfrom Westland.SOUTH AFRICA has finally placed its order for seven Wasp helicopters with Wenfand Aircraft Ltd. Thegovernment sanctioned the supply of Wasp hellcopters to South Africa over a year ago. West. land's factoryat Hayes, Middx. which used to make Wasps, was closed dowi at the end of last year. The new order will'now go to one of Wetland's Somerset factories at Westonauper-Mure or at YeoviLMembers of the DATA branch at Yeovil have already said they will refuse to do any work on Wapbelioplers for South Africa. At DATA's auanl conference last May a motion was assed callingBritainFO sit-inA correspondent writes: THE SPARK was there. Outraged by the sel-out proposals on Rhodesia, a group ofpeople, from the arts, from the pniversitfes, from the media, had made a plan to occupy the Foreign Office -the place where the disgusting conspiracy had originated, the conspiracy to betray 5 million Africans to aminority regime of white racism.We met; we talked; we signed a pledge. And, on the day (February 3) fifty of us turned up. We had thoughtthat the FO was an impenetrable stronghold, o we moved into it in twos and threes.And there were tiose impresive flights of marble stairs we had never tsought we would reach, leadingstraight to the gilt.and.crisson-chaired office at present deplorably occupied by that man ofMunichSuez.andnow.Salisbury, Sir Alec DouglasHo.. We should have occupied that very office but, at thetime, amazed by our sccess, we instead occupied and blocked the staircase.,We were serous. Though you Would never have thought so frosts the reports in The Times and TheGuardian next day. Of course they treated us as a kind of chi-chi joke. Because, just like the flutteringmandarins in the FO passages, and the police who carried us out with con",picuous, eaggerated care, afterwe had refused the offer of an interview, by selected detegates, with Mr. Joseph Godber (we wereprotesting not negotiating), they wanted to de-fuse our action- particularly as they bad been so totallyunprepared for it. "Kid-gloves" was the order of the day, because of the presence of prominent figures oustcompare police action with the savagery with which Rhodesia House demonstrators were treated after theFebruary 13 rally).Now we know. Did we join in a silent conspiracy of courtesy, em the media implied? If so, we did sounawares. It is indeed significant that paslve resistance should now be greeted as a form of complcity-while, at the same time, non-passive protests are classified as forms of terrorism. There are lessons to belearned here, Alt we ran do is study them.CambridgeBISHOP MUZOREWA spoke us acrowded meeting in Great Mary's Church , Cambridge, on Saturday,February 12. se told his audiene that there could bo "no settlement Of the Rhsodmian problem wlthout theRhodes an people" and though 'there is a possibility that the British and Rhdsan governments will continuewith their plans to impose a ettlement" on the African% "our freedom is Inevitable". On sancion BishopMuroreWa said,, "This is en Africant speaking. We went them tightened. This i the price we cats pay, wecan enclure saneLions, plesm help us.Birniin ghamTHE BIRMINGHAM Comsmsittee Pot Justice In iodesia held a public meeting at Carrs Lane ChurchCentre on February 9. The meeting entitled: 'The Anglo-

on all trade unionists to black arme for South Africa and instructing DATA's Executive Committee tosopport any member who refuses to work on arms contracts.In September the TUC passed a mions itaructiug the TUC General Councl to give full ,sport to any tradeunion mamber who refuse to work on arms for South Africa oa grounds of conscience.The placing of the Wasp order has set ofl a lurry of speculation about further arm seaten. According to the"Daily Telegraph" South Africa is plaag to buy guided misiles, weapons systms and electronic apparatusfor Acvetten from nitain. The "Daly Telegraph" specific. ally mentions the Seaicat milssile, built by ShortBrothers & Hiarland of Blelfast.In reply to a qusion asked by Tory MP Ptrlick Cormuck in the House of Commons lInst December,Minister of State Joseph Godbec said lhat South Afr ca had not placed any new ordersRhodesian Deal - Settlement or Sel-Out?' was addessed by Lord Caradon, Britain's former delegate to theUN and Bishop Abet Murotwa, Chairman, African NationalCouncilin Rhode aBirmingham Committee For Jstice In Rhodesia, 49 Savoy Clos, Birmingham 17.MonmouthAAMTHE MONMOUTHSHIRE branch of the Anti-Apartheid Movement held a public meeting in Tredegar onJanuary 28 on tle theme 'Rhodesia-Settlement or Sell-Out'. The meetisn which was well attended waseddressed by David Hando, Welsh Liberal Party spokesman on Commenwealth Affairs, Davi Morris,Newport Borough Councillor and Chartes Davey, prospective Plaid; Cymru Parliamentary candidate forBedsyallty.Contact: Alan Fox, 38 West Hill, Tredgar, Mon.Mid-SussexMID-SUSSEX AntmlApartbeid Group are holding an eeting on Rtodesia at Hlyard& Heath on March 10.The meeting will be preceded by an intensive leafleting of the area and collecting of signatures to the AAMpetition protesting against a sell-out in R.hodesia.The Group recently held a ijursble sale at which i4o wasraised and donated to A d funsds,Contact: Mrs. Connie Mfager, 27 al. cotmbe Rd., Haywards Heath, Sussex.Barnet AAMBarnet AA Group whlih was newly formed last November held itt first public meeting in January at theFriends Meeting House, Finchley, The meeting was addressed by Dr., Cone. of ANC and Christopher Sarleread poetry by Oswald Mtihali, a South African poet. Two poster parades have be en held against a sell-outIn Rhodmia at which 4,000 leaflets wer'e distributed in this mainly Tory area. In the coming months thebranch intens to begin a campaign on arms sales. int?t~ rt 12nuo ltact: Aibert Tomlinson m ParkRd., Church End, London, N.3; Clare Edwards, 72 Gordon Rd. London, N., 01-346 2007 opr WilfredBrutues, 34 StanhopeAvenue, London,. N"m 0-346 67,Bomib attackTWO J'E'TR6L hombs were thrownt ats Riodesi House on the night of January S arpets and furnitureinside thebudding was set on fire. A desk anda cheir* -nt sup in flame aned part of the elinsg fell in. According to a "Rhodesia House sptikensan" part of a steelfiling cabinet in the Information Departmient was scorched bat no damage -as- done to the piperI whichwere stored in it. The statemnent reveaied for the tilyt time that Rhodesian officials still operate in Lotndonand that thteotents of Rhosia House have been waiting intact for the last six years In atilpaionfadealbetweesn the British governmn nthSmith regime.--SAHouse demo,inside South Africa House. Two Southfor naval vesl In the UK, but that It was interested In placing an ordee for an "unarmed salvage/boomdefence vessel" with a British ship-yard.Work on a hydrographie survey ship being built for the South African Navy byYarrow Shipbuilders onClydeside is already far advanced. The ship is to be called Protes and It will have a crew of 97 of whom 51will be Coloured "raln". A cding to Glasow Univesity students who have visited the yarl in order to look atthe ship, It has been purpose built with d fallities for White andColoured crew members. White quarters are roomy and comfoirable, while Coloured quarters amcramped.

The order for the ship was placed under a Labour government at the beginniag of 1970. The governmentargued that the ship was to he used for peaceful pueposes and did not fall within the UN rams emYovw hasalwavs been friendly toAfrican Indian members of 3Wl first entered the hall of the Embassy and began to talk to the security manon duty there. Shortly afterwards four other members dressed as South African policemen entered thebuilding and proceeded to 'arest' the Indians under the Pass Laws and remove them from the Embassy to awaiting 'police' car. The embassy security staff (real) were so confused and upset by the incident that eventhough 'police' and 'prisoners' were leaving the building they rang the alarm bell and closed the Em assy forsome time after wards.NottinghamTHE NOTTINGHAM Black People'sFreedom Movement has bees told by Nottingham City Education Committee that it will no longer beallowed to hold Saturday morning nctivities for eildren in a local Youth Centre, after it made allegations ofracialism against Nottingham Education Authority.The BPFM alleges that Nottingham'sDirector of Education, W. 0. Jackson, told a BPFM member: "I have more power than Derbyshire and canget any of you black folks beaten by the police-hands tied behind yonr back and thrown off Clifton Bridge.like they did to Otuwale".Soon after it made its allegations the BPFM received a letter from Director of Education ison telling it that"the trust which I placd in the BPFM, in the hope that you would learn to live within'our systems' had been"viciously betrayed".Springbok Ass.THE SPRINGBOK ASSCL ATION, a proSouth African organisation which claims it now has over 20,000members, in mounting a big advertising and publicity campaign which includes advertising in the localpress, free film shows and subsidised visits to South Afreica.The Association claims it holds regular monthly meetingu in 117 Iowan inluding Glasgow, Bristol,Cambridge, Cardiff, Dublin, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Merthyr, Newcastle, Sheffield, Southamponand York. Details of w ere it is holding free film shows and material to distribute at themare available fromthe AAM office.HullHULL University students occupied the university's Adnsstrtiv Budding from January 26 to February tobeck up their dem and that the, rdty sell Itsaphrn in Reckitt and Colmaen, because of Reekitt andColesan's extensive South African interests.The tit-ins was called off aftere ameeting of Hull Students' Union votetd to Call for the membes of theUnJsiversity Council, 2 leeturerf anid2 students toitnvestigate thes possibilities of the university's divestingItself of its shares in Reecitt and Colmnan, of calling onlteecitt and Colman to psll out onf Sousth Africa orof persuadling the coinEii'ty, t Imrv waesa and working condiin o t lack Souith African employees.Hull students' camtpean hies met conasternt' opposition from right-wing studens le yteformner Presiddentof the Union, On'msy31 a,0meeting of' 2500 students (well over halft the studenut body) voted to support the nit-in and thePresident resigned.South Africa, On a visit to South Africa three y? r ago Ysrow's Chairman, Sir Eric Yarrow, referred to thecompany's "long-standing and happy" relationship with the Republic. He said that he hoped that Yarrowwould soon be building warships for the South African navy. Yarrow baa a South African subsidy, Yarrow(Africa).At the Security Council meeting at Addis Ahaha, the Tory government has explained that the vote cast infavour of a resolution calling on states to "observe strictly the arms embargo against Sout" Africa" byBritish represntatlve Sir Cola Crown does not represent a dianne in Tory policy. Sir Collo tailed to registerthe "eservations" which the government usually puts forward when It votes on, resolutions embaegoingarms sales by mistake because the resolution went iheongi sa qudkl.Sudents v SmithAT A MEETING called on the initiative of the National Union of Students, student leaders from Norway,Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Malta, France, UK and theInternationaI Union of Students met in London on Fetbruary 12 to discuss how they could oppose theRitodasian sel-out. During the course of their discussions they were addramed by Bishop Muzorews.Following wide ranging discussion a communique was agreed which ipcluded total opposition to the

settlement terms; to the sa of arms and the emigration of white workers in the whole of Southern Africa andsupport for the struggle of the Zimbabwe people. It was also agreed to hold an international day of actionfollowing the rettrn of the Pearce Commission. The studints then went on to participate In the Felbruary 13Trafalgar Square rally and march.Patricio visitPORTUGUESE, Foreign Minister R lPatricio will make an Official visit to London, March 6-10, at the invitation of British Foreign SecretarySir Alec DouglasHome. During his visit he will be received by Prime Minister Edward Heath and we willhave separate talks with Defena Lord Caradon, Minister of Trade and Industry John Davies, and GeoffreyRippon, Minister with special responsibility for negotiations with the EEC. He will also he guest ofhonour at a dinner given by the Anglo.Portuguse Society. Further details: Committee for Freedom inMozambique, Angola and Guine. 531 Caledonian Rd . London N,7. 01-607 2170.UsRhodesia chromeTHE FIRST1 consignment of Rhodesian chrome to be exported to the US since President Nixon announcedhis Administre ten would unilaterally revoke its ban on imports of chrome from Rhodesia is now on itsway to the US. 25,00 tons of Rhodesn chrome was loaded on to a USbound Atge thian bulk carrier- inthe se ond w e of Febnuary.US dockers may black the chrome shipments,IrelandSDetainees appealT'HE IRISH At-Apartheid Movement hasubliIIed a statement saying that the eafri of the peoples of Africa ando Nat fIelan r part of asigentr na -nlmon. The statement conllnstes: '"The gangster loyalty of Smith an his friends in d to'the Crown' is thesame loyalty which Carso boasted oflIn 1912".It appeals for support for the Associationof Co milttees for Ading interees' Dependants, 179 Pourse St., Dublin 2.

pgmrfcans voice resoundingNo to the sell out.AFRICANS in Zimnbabwe are continning to tell the Pearce Commission that they totally reject theBritish government's proposals for asettlement with the Smitlh regime. On February 1 a Commissioner wasmobbed by 4,000 people at Chiweshe tribal trust land near Bindura after le had "explained" the proposals tothem. The crowd rushed forward after a man stood up and shouted "We are convinced this illegalGovernment was sent by the British. Why help us, we didn't need any help before". At the end of themeeting the local Chief told the crowd: "You are people of Rhodesia. You say no, we say no."On February 3 a crowd of 2,000 in Mashonaland North tribal trust land barracked a local Chief, ChiefMsana, when he told them that white men were their friends. The Chief then told the Commissioners thathe rejected the settlement proposals. On the same day 800 people in Saibi North tribal trust land, led bytheir Chief, Chief Neshangwe, said "No" to the proposals. One man told the Commssioners that theCommission was negotiating with "rebels".Students and teachers at Epworth Theological College told the Commission that the College wa,unanimously opposed to the proposals on February 4. On February 5 a meeting held by the PearceCommission in the Wenlok Tribal trust 'land broke up when the crowd of 300 called the Commissionersliars.1,600 workers went on strike at the Trojan Nickel Mine and Bindura smelter, both owned by the RhodesianNickel Corporation. part of the Anglo American Group, on February 6.They were followed by workers at the Sandawana Emerald mine at Belingwe which is owned, by Rio TintoZinc and at the Blanket gold mine near Gwanda.According to the General Manager of the Chamber of Mines of Rhodesia, K. A. Vanderplank, "theChamber, the em,.ployers and all the others who were directly involved in dealing with the strikes areconvinced that the strikes were politically inspired".,At Shabani, where workers were on strike in January, the strikers were demanding that the minimum wagebe raised m below subsistence level to over £80 month. At Bindura they were asking for an increase of

nearly 25p a day. According to one South African newspaper these increases would make the minerseligible for the higher voters' role. On February 8 police vehicles were atoned after Commissioners hadvisited Gatcoma and 15 people were arrested. When Commissioners visited a remote area in the north ofSabi tribal trust land the only people who said "Yes" were Chief Gwebu Fish and his personal asslstant.After a merting attended by $00 people had rejected the settlement terms the Chief apologised to theCoinmissioners.On February 10 the proposals were rejected by the Pelandaba Youth Association and the Bulawayo TaxisAssociation. whfich represents African taxi drivers, and on February 16 by the African Farmers Union,.On February 17 representatives of 4,500 people living in the Inyanga district said "No" and so did all theAfrican employees of the Inyanga National Park Two Commissioners drove hundreds of miles along a dirtteack to where Chief Tangwena is in hiding with his pope The Commissioners said that they had no to ikthe Smith re 'ne restore 1h ngw ena tribe's land to tfhe and the T a rejected the settlement terms.In spite of total African rejection ofthe terms, it is clear that the Pearce Commission is still looking for a formula by which i can return a "Yes"or at leasta qualifed answer.In the last few weeks a much higher proportion of the Commissioneeh' meetings have been private ones adaccording to the Rhodesfia Herald "In seeking private meetings Commissioners have showed that theyfavour a qualitative rather than a quantitative approach".One Commissioner, John Harrison has said that he is disappointed that the Commission has not had time tohold more smaller meetings. He said that at such meetings peple were more ready to express "differingopinions". He also said that the further from Salisbury the Commissioners went the greater the "exchangeof views" that took place.Another way out that it looks likely that the Commissioners will take is to discount many people's rejectionof the terms on the grounds that they do not understand them. Commissioner John Massingham said onRhodesian radio that the Commission is now asking people to explain why they have decided on a "Yes" or"No" answer and that one of the reasons for this is that the Commissioners need to know "whether peoplehave reached a conclusion based on a proper understanding or not". Commissioner Massingham opened upother avenues of distortion to the Commission when he went on "When it comes to writing the final report,the Commission. will need to take into account the various viewpoints expressed to them to assess just howrepresentative these views might be, This is very important sinee we cannot see everybody and it will be forthe Commission to try to gauge whether the people and groups they have met are likely to be puttingforward arguments either in favour or against the proposals, which others might also hold".He also implied that the opinions of different sections of the population would be given differentweightings. Taken to its logical conclusion this last argument would enable the Pearce Commission toreport that the white minority were almost unanimously in favour ofthe settlement proposals; that as far asit was able to probe through a curtain of ignorance and intimidation many Africans were opposed to.thesettlement; but that the wholeof Rhodesia, black and white, was dependent 'or its prosperity on the activities carried on by the whitepopulation and that therefore the opinions of the whites should be given esore wright and the proposalsshould be deemed acceptable.Africans in Zimbabwe have already shown that they have no confidence in the Commission. Bishop AbelMuzorewa, Chairman of the African National Council, told a press conference on his visit to the UN thatthe British government will use alleged intimidalion by Afrieds as an excuse for implementing thesettlement proposals.If the Pearce Commission does find that the settlement proposals are acceptable, it will come as a surpriseonly to those who think that when fundamental political and economic interests clash with liberal rhetoric,the rhetoric can win. To the African people of Zimbabwe it will be only one more act of oppression by thewhite Rhodesian minority in collusion with their allies, the British government. Interview with BishopMuzorewa page 9SOME OF the people the Pearce Commission couldn't get to interview.,The 31 shot dead during demonstrations against the settlemert.The 300 or more detained without trial. (Including Josiah Chinamano, member of the African NationalCouncil, Ruth Chinamano, Garfield and Judith Todd.)The 1500 or more arrested in demonstrations against the settlement proposals.

Of those who did manage to make their voices heard, hundreds have been fired from their jobs for saying"No"While families in Fort Victoria and Umtali have been thrown out of their homes because they rejected thesettlement,So much for the "normal political activity" which the HomeSmith agreement guaranteed.Anti-Apartheid News March 1912. Page 3

Anti-Apartheid News March 1972. Page 4Revolt flaresflaolain Ova and..REVOLT has flared in Ovamboland 10 stiker and probably very many more all r"sd transportservices to towns alongwhere many thousands of men who went have been killed, the border after unconfirmedreports thaton strike against the contract labour In a statement on February 1 South trucls had been stoned andtheir crewssystenm are still refusing to go back south African Police Minister Muller gave de- threatened. Services toRuacana, the site to work in the white areas, tails of three incidents in which at least of te hydro-electric station being builtStrikers are calling for a boycott of 2 strikers were killed. as part of the Kuen scheme and toschools and other government institutions- The first incident is said to have taken Oshiknaago, anotherborder town, have Meetings of strikers have been broken up place when a poliee patrol found a groupbeen stopped. by the police and headmen who have told of -suspected troublemakers" in a but Thr hasalo been fighting on thethe police where meetings are to he held near the town of Osha/atL According to north side of theborder in the Cunene have been killed. There have been attacks the Minister, one of ther men attacked thed of Angola and the Portuguese on white administration buildings and on police with a dagger and wasshot dead. auhrier amre reported to have moved, mt hsatns reds In a second incident the Minister said thou ofndsof trops and milltiamen intoof miles of the border fence which separate Namibia from Angola has been broken down.All 200 male students at Ongwediva College have been expelled. According to South African policestatements strikers have been calling for pupils at other schools to stay away.According to Rev. Colin Winter, Anglican Bishop of Damaraland, a striker told him: "The strikers hold ameeting. The police arrive in force to smash it. There is shooting-people am hart or killed. The Africansretaliate by burning down the kraal or killing the person they think has informed on them".The Commissioner General for South West Africa, Jannie de Wet stated that strikers were still trying tohold protest meetings at the beginning of February and the police were expecting one to be held atRuacann, on the Angoln border.On February 4 the government proclaimed emergency regulations for the northern region which arealesmet identical to Proclamation 400 which is in force in the TraskeL Meetings of more than five peoplehave been banned without per. mit fiom the Native Commissioner. It is am offence to do. anything likely tosubvert the authority of the State, or of the Ovanboland Banatustan authorities. It is an offence to threatenany person with boycott or violence. The government may declare any arm a prohibited are into which nouinathorised person moy enter. No-one arrested under the regulations laid down in the Proclamation isallowed acces to legal representation.There have been serious clashes- between police and strikers in which at leastthat police investigating a murder came upon a group of armed men. They were ordered to hand theirweapons over to the police. but instead they attacked and one wa killed.In the third incident the bodyguard of a senior headuman is mid to have been assaulted on January 30.The Minister also said that many "rebels" were being held in connection with murder and other crimes.The fierest clashes seem to have taken place along the northern bhrder. According to the South AfricanCommissioner of Police, General Joubert, four Ovanbos were killed and a large number of weaponscaptured when a group of 100 Ovambs attacked a paramilitary police unit near the border town of Ondobein the last week of January. The police stated that fighting broke oat after a subheadman and his wife had

been attocked at their kraal at Ondobe. They said that they followed tracks of blood leading into the bushand these led them to a heavily armed group of Ovambos who attacked as the police approached.It is inpossHile to assess the real extent of the fighting and to know how mny strikers have been killed. TheSouth African authorities have not admitted any police or Defence Force casualties, bt strong rumourscirculating in Windhoek auggest that at least 6 South AfrIcans have been killed.The whole northern region of Namih'a is virtually sealed off from the outsidworld. The trunk road fromSouth Africa to Angola which poses through northern Namibia was closed for several weeks.South African Railways has suspendedthe area. The majority of the biggest Ovambo tribe'live in Angola, although the majority of all Ovamboslive in Namibia.According to reports from MPLA (Popular Movement tor the Liberation of Angola) Portuguese troopswere sent to the town of Donguen after the news had reached there that strikers on the other side of theborder were holding mcelines and protest demonstrations. On Januarv 12 there was a rising against thetroops and the South African authorities sent in two helicopter-loads carrying Sou'h African troops tosupport the Portgues-. A week laterpeople living around the border town of Ruscana on the Anrolin side ofthe border started firing catlposts. Portuguese troops arrived at the border on January 19.Reports in Luanda suarest that the Portuguese are concerned about the effects of the fighting on the futureof the Cunene hydo-electric scheme.MPLA has issued a statement salutina "the 'brave people of Namibia in the'r struggle for independence".New protests as strikers return to work.ONLY 1711 strikers had gone back to A strike was said to be being planned Te entrance to theKatutura compound There have been rumours of a strike bywork under the new agreements for the in Windhoek for Monday, February 14. is being rebuilt to emurestricter security. 70 workers at the Berg Aukat zinc and regulation of Ovambo labour, accordingAccording t a statement from Divisional Fifty two newly recruited workers in vanadium mine owned bythe South West to a statement by S. W. Lubbe, Director Polic Inspector Colonel Brandt on the he town ofOtjiwarongo went on strike in Africa Company, but tese have been of Owambo (the official name for thepreious Friday "The red-letter day re- the first week of February. After negotia- denied by a companyspokesman and areOvambo Bantustan) on February 4. mains Monday. The pot is still bothing tions most of themreturned to work, but still unconfirmed.There are reports of new strikes and and we are waiting to see what will hap- II vere sent back for thesecond time to The Windhoek Divisional Inspector of attempted strikes among those who have pen". Butthe strike did not ma ise. Ovanboland. Labour admitted at a meeting of localreturned and of continued unrest about businessmen thatnewly arrived workerspay and working conditions. Workers aboutwere finding that "they do not like their who returned to thecompound at Katu- e lovers".Sot etAfrica Railways has aidtur outside Windhoek smashed beds in t'h Wfpss AitWilwas h as nmiprotest against the filthy condition of the ta f oie it wll thacompound.t nOva bo workers andclaims that it hasFour thousand of the compound's total tae n on 603workers from Kevango.of 6,260 beds are still unallocated because Damaralandandlanaland to replace 951the majority of workers are still on strike. Ovambo strikers.A spokesman for South Went ArcMany workers are refusing to sleep in A s an forSouthe fricathe compound and one said: "We do not Railway midthat sine tth e beginning of

live in a pigsty". the strike traffic haddropped by 25 perA few days later workers who remained ' c erero ChClemens Kaps toldin the compound refused to eat fond Aleto Ci onsK t isi toservd t th. i th diinghal. SxtyAlex Lyons lAP on his recent visit to served to them in the dining hail. Sixty tNamibia that Hereros would reue tomunicipal policemen were forced to take amib that ere pr wouldoe torefuge in the kitchens and the South Afri- take on jobs thatwere previously done bycan police were called in. OvIt islJudge William Booth, the black Ameri- Itisclar that thenumber of Ovaiboscan judge who arrived in Windhoek on .derwho have agreeed to gobeck to workFebruary 14 to observe the trial of 12 under the newagreements is t i only astrikers, has visited the Katutura coin- trickle. The moraleof those who havepound and said that its condition is dis- gone back is highand they are still progusting: "There are flies all. around andtesting against slave labour conditions.cats running beck and forth". He sampled ~All that the future holds for the white'the food and said that it tasted "lousy" dominated Naibianeconomy is the prosand was served with shovels. A white overe vatehes as black workers mend aroad ner -lndheek port of an endemic labour shortage.

A. i-Aporheid News March 1972. Page 5Strike trial opens -2 face charies.TWELVIi men have gone on trial in Windhoek charged with breaking their labour contracts. The State hasbeen forced to drop a fourth charge against them - that they incited other people to break their conracts -because none of their fellow strikers will give evidence against them.Alex Lyons, a Labour MP and lawyer went to Windhoek to observe the tral fr the InternationalCommission of Jurists. Hs account of the trial follows:"There were four charges against all the accused. Two alleged that they had used threats of vioence tointimidate others into going on strike and these were brought under Proclamations made in tht S1920s. Thethird charge alleged that the accused had incited others to break their contract and the fourth that they hadbrokes their contract themselves. The authorities were obviously trying to use the trial as a warning to theOvambos and one of the attorneys said that the govern. senthad been lenient because it had not charged themen under the Sabotage Act., Orginally. there were 13 accused. 12 Ovambos and one Coloured man from Katutuma who had beenarresed in the Ovambo compound there. None of the Ovambos had legal rpiesentation so I went to see aWindhoek firm of lawyers and asked them if they would take the case. Then I applied, with one of thelawyers, who was an Afrikaner, to visit the accused. We were allowed to see thei in Katutura prison, but atfirst the 11 Ovambos all refused to be represented because tl only language in which they couldcommunicate with the lawyer was Afrikaans and they thosught he was a sy. So we went off to find someLutheran pastors who vouched for ts and the men all a e to be legally represented ."Windhoek has a magnificent new prison and the accommodation there was much better than the Katuturacompound which I visited later. The cmpound is like a German prisoner-of-war camp with a 12-foot fenceall round it and one gate. it is one quarter of a mile square and it houses 6,000 Ovambos."The trial was postponed until Monday. When it opened the prosecution said that they would ca l 25employers as witnesses. Then they called a police photographer wfho had taken photographs at the gate ofthe Katutura compound of two men with sticks walking around in front of a large crowd. The implicationwas that they had been practising intimidation, bu the photographer said that he could not identify any of

the men. Another police witness said that he could recognise three men in the photograph, but of these onlone was carryinga stick."The men had all, been searched when they were arrested and the rest of the evidence consisted ofdocuments which were found on them. Leonard Sam, the only nsn-Ovanbo among the accused, had had acopy of a novel called "Some Die Easy". On the inside of the front cover someone had written a list ofnames ineluding those of some of the accussed: on the beck cover were the words "SWAPO- Education". The prosecution seemed to think this was veey significant."Accused No. 12 -the men were refierred to b~y numbers throughout the sorning- Was found to have a pileof docusents, which included the UN Declaration of Human Rights and a copythe open letter supporting the World Court Judgement on Namibia sent to Vorster by the Lutheras BishopAualalat er. 'He also had a notbok whichhow the strike had begun.A sed No. 12 was Leonard Nghipan. duluil."Th. the trial was adjoured to MononFebr 14."ten the trial re-Opened on F ebryr14 theha:oiimnt was dropped.C shad al been dropped againstthe thsirteenith accused.What emserges most clearly from thle trial is the tremendous solidarity of the strikers. The authorities havebeen unable identify many real leadeus and they been unable to make charges stick ainst thtse whom theyhave picked on-ecause no-one will give evidene against thm.THE FOLLOWING are extracts from a diary which describes how Ovambo workers in Windhoek took thedecision to strike and how they built a solid base of support. The diary was found in the possession ofLeonard Nghipandulua, who is mentioned in the text as one of-the' leaders of the strike, and who is now ontrial in Wi Ihoek."SOME are cowards. I was at Ongwediva school. There are some cowards and the girls and you expect toenter the Kingdom of God. Don't be afraid, there are many hands...."Greetings. Love thy neighbour as thou lovest thyself says the commandment of God.-"We don't want the contract any more because we have no human rights. It denies us rocognition as humanbeing."Due to the contract the Ovasbo people are not regarded as people."Mr. M. C. Botha had said at Oshakati on November 15 that we, the Ovambo people, prefer to work underthe contract tere Mr. M. C. Botha dclared that we ourselves want the contract. Now we don't want thecontract any more and want to be regarded as human beings."If the contract is not withdrawn good reasons must be given why it is not withdrawn."Now we claim ouir right to freedom of movement and to Ik for work wherever w want in the whole ofNamibia."Why is it that if a Beer bought me and he doesn't want me anymore he can sead me back to Ovambo but ifI don't want, I have no right to leave the work andsome other place?"The word of Ged says Christ died tofree all the people, but-we Ovarebo arenot free of the conract.. ."On December 12 a letter was received from Walvis Bay wtitten in clear language bow the slavery of thecontract should be ended.'The latter was read by alt the residents of die Windhoek compound. The writers of the letr had talked abouta thing that was close to the hears of the Windhoek resi"They started writing letters appealing that Peopleshould go ito this matter. When they wrote nobody asked each othter what-should he trtten bnt everyee wrote as dictated by shae ownspirts Though the su~perintendent of thecompslounsd and 'the bla,;k bsesscriger hsad tried to degstroy the letters, itstead of these letters decreasingthey increased ins number..."Theb patpers were read front December 5 to Deember 1t, when they dectided to meet in order to dicss theabolition of the contract.

"'the mn decided not to go to work on Decemlber11 They met. The people cannot meet eaiy bectause theyare afraid as enDecember 12 when the llqers heard of the decisions taken they started firing th ir guns..."The powder from the gunshots spattered towards the residents of Windhoek."Therefore the people were seared. AIthough it was like that, the leaders had started to call the people."They .me to the meeting with varios appeals until the people, one by one, assembled and there were about60 of them. The meeting was opened with prayer and then the discussion started."The day they must pot go, to work they decidedl for Monday, December 13. It was iot easy for the firstleaders to remain amongst the people - they were afraid that they w uld be arrested. The first leaders wereteonard Nghipandulha, Endol Michael Etamasali from the Western side of Omupanda Area and AbibalonCoronelius of Endola."TIey spoke very strongly and exhorted the people not to be afraid. The seting derided to continuediscussiens until December 12."They came together, diseussed and detided that nobody should go to work and agreed that nobody shouldleave the compound. On December 12 they went and slept at the gates and windows though the decisionsof the people were tbet whoever violates this derision of the people should be punshed."The guards at the gate were friendly in theirpproach and all returned on friendly terms and from that daynot a single perfon had any grouse. The Commissioner of Widhto Mr. White came-and begged that theOvambo people should start working."Although he tried very hard the people refused. They had dcided that if the contract was withdrawn it isonly then that they will go to work. If it is not withdrawn they will wait."The-day it is withdrawnthen we go to Work. The Commissioner found it difficult to persuade the peoplebecause the reasons given him were extremely good. He said the people must-hoose their spokesmsen - theshould'be 8 or 10 of them whilst he would get in touch with the bigwigs in Owambo, who were in WalvisBay due to similar disturbances."The men were the headman of Ondangwa E S H. Elifas, Phillipus Kaluvi, Silas faipumbe and theheadman's secretary Staf~sss fItem."On December 14 the big men ofOwambe arrived at 7 o'clock. The residents of the compound offered a prayer which was done by LeonadNghipandotua."The prayer made clear to the Comris sioner and the leader of Owambo that the people were not doing ithsthing on their own hst that they bad a leader and that leader was Gtodl The guests requtested that theleaders chosen by the nation sit with them to discuss this mtter and whets they'-in,sat down the guests said that the leaders must explain wiat was the problem."The honiured secretary Emmanuel Amavila of Kokalongo read a letter from a representative group ofthe people who were elected on Decenber 13. The group held discussions lasting three hours."The lotter itself conveyed greetings. Love thy neighbor -as thou loyest thyself. After the letter was read,there was, silence in the room, as if was empty, because even the big men of Owambo had nothing to say.And that is due ts the reasons which exposed the sins of the Whites, because among them there were notrue reasons, Finally Mr. S. Haipiesbu said: 'We understand you, our sons. I request you to <go to workbecause the contract system will be discussed in Febrary. I beg yo.'"'If it is difficult for you to withdraw the contract we cat go hack to Owambo and if it is withdrawn we shallreturn -to work.'"Mr. Haipiarhu began: 'My sons, I beg you my friends to go to work.' The group that represented theresidents of the conpound said they could not alter anything because we did not decide on our own, but thepeople have said so and not us. It i the people who govern us. It is the honoured who had so decided sothat we ourselves can see what to do and that was our parting message-that if there are people who want togo to work they can do so and for those who don't want to go to work the train is waitlag to take them backto Grootfontein. When it was annoncad through the loudspeaker, all the people were outside the office,where the consultations took place. The whole meeting thanked them with applause.The entire meeting decided to return to Owambo. When the big men left the meeting escorted thoo half-way with applause until they were out of the gate and also thanked the big men for having come."When the Coisissioner White left with the gtests the Ber police started encircling tite compound onDecember 13. They started to hurt people badly and the gate was closed. We could not go out to buy: food.We could not withdraw money from the bank or fetch our clothes from the dry cleaners. Op December 14

the police were knocking ,on the roofs and also threw stones at the windows and were also beating uppeople as well as the radio set at the window which was broken."The police started setting fire to the rooms occupied by people. Then people had to leave the rooms andsleep outside. These events lasted from December 14 to December 17."The people could not steep and the leaders started taking the numbers of the police so that they could givethem to the Che of Police but the Chief of Police sid he had nothing to do with that.K

Anfi-Aparheid N~ews N1areh 1972. Pge 615,000 marchers show the they feel about the sell-oul

Anti-Apar heid News March 1972. Page 7itish Government how0ONThe omacb aet out from Speakers' Corner, Hyde Park at around 1.30 pan. It included contingents from theAnti . Apartheid Movement. Black Panther Movement, Black Unity and Freedom Party, CommunistParty, international Socialists, Labour Party, Liberal Party, Supreme Councl of SikW, trade union, studentand many other groups.In Trafalgar Squnare demonstrators beard speeches from Bishop Abel Muzorewa, Chairman of the AfricanNational Council, Jimmy Reid, Mike Terry Michael Foot MP,, Altheaes Jones one of the Mangrove Nineand Stuart Hall, introduced by Rev Colin Morris.Bishop Mnmrewa told the crowd that the British governmet's settiemeat proposals were "a constitutionalfraud, a prescription. for increased racial bitternes& the making of an inevitable bloodbath and an insult tothe dignity of every African in Rhodesia"."We reiect a policy and a regime that can justify the murder of 31 unarmed human beings on the streets ofGwelo, Salishary and Usatai and the arrest of the Todds and the Chinamanna, and over 250 people whoseonly crime is to stand up for their dignity and to ask the world simply to treat them as humaen beings."We reject the intimidation of a goverment of thugs. Above all, my brothers ad sisters WE REJECTINJUSTICE AND DEMAND OUR FIZEEDOM - NOW".Jimsmy Reid maid that he was speakilng as a Britishs worker becauseusns rcoumon Inreests wona rne African people of Zimbabwe. He said: "I've got more kith and kV'shipwith the black African workers than with the British ruling cl . . . Our brothers and sisters in Africa are in.volved in the tront line of the fight as the miners we bere. ... We must develop the inteenational solidarityof the common working peple".Mike Terry, Secretary of the National Union of Students, told the demonstrators that it was not enough jnstto tight against the scttlement: "The struggle in Zimbabwe will go on whether there is a settlement or notWe must support that struggle until Zimbabwe is liberated".'Michael Foot said that the settle. meat was a fagrant sell-oar and that the verdict pasosed unit by the peopleof Zimbabwe had been a resounding "NO".Aithen Jone said that black people in Britain would act in total solidarity with the people of Zim. habwewhatever action their brothers and sistem ther felt it necessary to take. She maid:"Te og*anised resistance of the people is the one thing that govern. mests can't cope with. Now thepeople ar organising themselves to sist the ruling minority".Stuart Hall fold the crowd that his and their education had been paid for with the blood and sweat of blackAfricans. He said: "Everything that I do and my now is a smali way of returning to them the freedom whichis their right".A resolution condemning the settlemeat proposal was put to the crowd and was taken to 10 Downing Streetby a deputation led by Bishop MuzorewThe crowd then marched roundoe qluare . -nu aone. wZimbabweans placed the Zimbabwe flag on the pavement outsideWhile the crowd waited outside Rhodesia House the police brought up reinforcements of foot police andlined up at lest 30 police horses at the side of Rhodesia Home in Agar Street.A few bottles were aimed at the windows of Rhodesia Hos. About 10 minutes later the police lines chargedinto the crowd in an attempt to disperse it.

A police wedge cut the march in two and then drove half the demonstration back against the thopfronts onthe Strand and the other half down the Stmad towards the Aldwych. Among those who were liused out ofshop doorways and driven with the first half of the demonstrators down to Charing Cross were people withyoung children who had delibera'ely stayed at the back of the crowd. F-' the next half hour the police Fnescharged and re-charged the other half of the march and drove It slowly down, the Strand. Every now andavoin. in an efort to speed n tie marchers, police snatch squads went in to make quite arbitrary arrests.Some polcemen made black demonstrators a special target but this wa made more difficult for them by theinternal sol'darty of members of the lack contingent. Altogether 43 people were arrested.DEMONSTRATORS who weelucky enough not to be ,rested on Sunday February 13 are asked to con. tribuhe to the detence costs of ttos,who iere arrested. Please send contribstionS c o Rhlesia Emergency Carpaign Committee, 119 ChJlotte St.,London WIP 2LDQ, ,aked 'Defence Costs".)I

Anti-Apartheid News March 1972. Page 8INSIDE SOUTHERN AFRICASouth AfricaJudge calls forevidence onpolice torture.FIVE policemen alleged to have tortured etairnees in a Poudoland forest camp have seen call ed by theJudge President of Natal to answer the allegations.this is the lares, sensation in the longrunning trial of 13 alleged members of the Unity Movenset in theMaritzburg Supreme Courton February 14 the defence closed its case and on February 15 (the trial's t00th day) the Judge Presidentstarted hearing evidence from Lieut. C. J. Dreyer, one of the five alleged torturers.rte other policeme accused of torture arc W/o Truter, Sgt. Nicholson, Capt. Erasmus and Capt. Baker.Lieat. Dreyer -officer in charge of Poendo ard security- said he had been sentenced to death by a "mountaincourt" in 1960. lHe said he was bared for calling the Army and Air Force into Pondoand that year. Hedenied taking part in interrogations at Mkambethi forest camp. The Juge President has also called forevidence from three policemen concerned wL the arrest of Mtayeni Cotshela. who died at the detentioncamp- and from the two doctors who performed the post mor teat an Mr. Cutshela.A number of the accused filed affidavits at the begining of. the trial in August, saying they had beensubjected to tortures by electric shocks- and5 by being beaten up.One of the aceused, Dam Gideon Mahanlama, said when giving evidence in his own defence that he waskicked, and otherwise assaulted at the forest camp by polcemen Baker, Swanepoet, Erasmus and Tinter.lie said Dreyer hit him with his fists, kicked him, hit him with a sjambok and gave his electric shocks. IA d&fen. witness, Menke Sar.-e of Pondoland, said his cousin Winston Johnstone was detained twice bysecurity police.After the second period of detention, he noticed Winston's face was swoilen-and his cousin told him he hadbeen taken to kMkambathi camp and beaten on the face and neck. Told by the Judge President that WinstonJohnstone denied these assaults, Me. Sorest said his cousin was not telling ,the truth.6 gaoled underTerrorism Act.SIX MEN have been convicted at Bloem fontein of offences under the Terrorism Art They are alleged tohave tried to re cruit people to go abroad for training and to bave bree members of the banned Pan AfricanCongress.The men ha-e beey held in solitary con finemen since last May They all come from Walkom. a mininglown in ihe Orange Free StateMinister refusesto give namesof detainees.AT LEAST 16 people are still being detaned, of those taken in the nationwide police sweops of October 24and 25.There may well be more - Minister of Police Loures Muller ll notrdiselose how many of the originaldetainees are still held. or how many more have since been deamined.

They ae held tinder Section 6 of the Terrorism Act. Of those released, four are on bail awaiting trial underthe Suppression of Communism Act.Oneof those still held, 26 yer-old British subject Quentin Jacobson, has been charged under both this Actand the Terrorism Act. He appeared in Johannesburg Magistrate's Court in January and was told his trialwould start in the Supreme Court on March 20.The exact identities of the other 15 who are known to be held, cannot be established-last month we published 23 names of known detainees at that time.Mr. Muller said in answer to a detailed series of parliamentary questions from Mrs. Helen Suzeman onFebruary 11, that it was "not in the public interest" to disclose information about the detainees.Altogether 46 were known to have been detained since October 24. One died under interrogation; 18 werereleased; and four were releas-d on bail after being charged.The inquest on Ahmed Timot, the detainee who died under interrogation, has been adjourned; it may notbe resumed until ,wel into March,* The hearing was adjourned at its opening o December 1, to obtain a Supreme Court ruling on whetherMr. Timol's relatives should have access to documents held by the police.The Supreme Court set aside the magis-tratc\; dce son to refuse acess hult ruled that hr was etitel to hi di-reton as to the aontt ofo access afowedFor tis he woutd have to study tile nqusit payers in detail. He is presumahlyv doing this noDean appeals on5 year sentence.THE DEAN of Johannesburg, Rev. Gonville fifrench-Beytagh's, appeal against his conviction under theTerrorism Act opens on February 21 as ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS goes to press. On the first day of theappeal defence counsel, Sidney Kentridge, said that the Dean had received funds frm abroad but the moneyhad been spent on school uniforms for the children of poiticat prisoners and other aces of humanity and thatthis was not a criminal offence.The Dean was found guilty on three charges last November and was given te mandatory minimum sentencefor offences under the Terrorism Act of five years' imprisonmet.ZimbabweAfricans movedfrom "white"land.THE SMITH regime has taken actions which would be an infringement of the Rhodesian settlementproposals even before they have become law.The settlement proposals provide that, except for two mission areas, the only moving of Africans off"white" land will be in certain forest atd national park areas "which may involve the removal of a limitednumber of occupants without established rights. One of the areas this refers to is Stapleford, a forestryreserve on the MoZambique border near testali. The move wilt involve at least 1,000 families (3,000 4,009people).The settlement proposals go on to say that' the only two other cases where the Smith regime is consideringeviction of Africans from "white" land are the Epworth and Chishawasha missions. But even while thetalks were going on, Ministry of Internal Affairs officials were telling African tenants on the Driefonteinmission farm that they would have to leave after the present season. The Smith regime will administer up to£10 million of money provided under the settlement proposals for the educational andeconomic development of the African sector. The reguie has already broken the 'spirit' of this section ofthe proposals. Soon after the signing it was anounced that the number of entrants to the internationallyaccepted T1 course at Gwelo Teachers College was to be cut and the number to the lower grade T2 coursewould he increased Only the TI course leads to the qualifications and income which will confer eligibilityfor the African upper voting role and increase African representation in Par ament under the setlementproposals.MozambiqueFRELIMOblows upCabora Bassaexplosives.FRELIMO blew op a truck paeked with explosives for Cabo.a Bassa en Febrsary 9-nkil ine people, inclUding ve soldis,. and injuring fi,6.

The Portuguese comrmuniquf after the raid said it was carried out by a small group of guerrillas whoinfiltrated the area with the aid of certain elements of the local populaion .Thisis very interesting, a, previously the Portuguese have not admitted that FRE LIMO have support amongthe popuIltion.. Their usual a is that FRELIMO terrorise th local inhabitants.Apparently the truck driver disregarded Orders an overtook his armed escort on the the road between. Teteand Songo-all traffic between the Moatice rsilheadl and, Cabora Bassa noW travels in armed convoy.This latest st..ess follows FRELIMO's cutting of the Moatize rail link andeth Nacala railway last year -anumber of successful attacks were made on the Matizg railway, two on sccesnive days in Dreem her.Portuguese armed forces in the Tete area have been stepped up susiantislly since this upsurge of guerrillaactivity. General Arrlaga, the Portgueseommander, has estimated there ar 1,500 IFRELIMO men in thearea.Much of the explosives for Cabora assa 'are provided by AE & CI, an aelate company of ICI and one ofthe two main suppliers to the dam ICI has a 42per-cent holding in AE & CI, which hs, set up a specialMoambique subsidiary to serve the dan.THE UNITED NATIONS SecurityCouncil held its first meeting outside the New York headquarters for twenty years in Africa, in AddisAbaba from January 28 to February 4 - for a week of discussinus exclusively rn African questionsThe meeting was attended by the 15 Security Council member states, including Guinea, Somalia and Sudanfrom the African bloc, by representatives, often at Ministerial level, from more than a score of independentAfrican states, and, almost as a precedent, by about a dozen representatives of liberation movements orallied organisatioas, The Security Council. which is accustomed so working at governmental level, in thesame day heard Abdul S. Minty. the Honorary Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain,condemn Britain's policy in Southern Africa. and heard Sir Colin Crowe, the British permanentrepresentative at the United Nations, suggest that as Britain had in the past been in the forefront ofdecolonisation the world should bear with Britain's failure to de, colonise in Rhodesia.A suggestion by Abdul Minty who was representing the Defence and Aid Fund that the Security Councilshould send a special mission to Britain to thrash out the Zimbabwe question was later taken up by theBritish delegation in behind the scenes attempts to avoid using a veto on the draft Rhodesia resolutionbefore the Council. It turned out that what Britain had in mind was that such a delegationwould be expected to listen poltely in London to Britains argument, and that it return the Rhodesiaresolution would be lost in the Council by sufficient abstentons without Britain's veto. The African statesrejected the proposed British "comThe Council, after one week, passed four resolutions, and failed to passone on Rhodesia-with abstentions from Belglum. France, Italy, Japan, and the United States, and a vetofrom Britain. The crux of the Rhodesian draft: "Urges the U~nited Kingdom Government, as a matter ofurgency, to tdesist from implementing the 'settlement" proposals agreed upon between the UnitedKingdom Government end the ilegal rebel regime, taking into account the overwhelming Africanopposition to thosea, still relatively new to the Counel. and the Soviet Union were vying to show intense soldarity with theAfrican cause. Both voted for the four substantive resolutions, but the Soviet Union approved a resolutionsponsored by Argentina for Dr. Kurt Waldhem, the United Nations Secretary General, to "initiate as soonas possible contacts with all paries concerned" with Namibian selfdetermination and independence,whereasChina registered non-articipation in this vote on what it regarded-as a reactionary proposal, It is under thisresolution that Dr. Waldheim is expected shortly to visit South Africa to see Prime Minister Vorter, thoughthere are indications that Vorster plans to talk about Bantustans-and not about independence for Namibia.On the Western side. France's voting record was as bad as Britain's if not worse, as France abstained on allquestios ,esept the Argentinian proposal for the Waldhein-Vorster visit, On South Africa., Britain votedunreservedly for a resolution including the clause: "Calls upon all States to observe strictly the armsembargo against South Africa". Britain abstained, but the United States voted for the main'Namibiaresolution including the clause: "Calls upon all States whose nationals and corpoations are operating inNamibia ... to use all availablemeans to ensure that such nationals and corporatibus conform in theirpolicies of hiring Namibian workers to the bsnic provisions of the Universal Declaration of HumanRilooH'mThe NATO powers abstained on a resolution: "Recognising the legitimacy of the struggle of the lberationmsovements in Angola. Mozambique and Guinea (Bissau in tieir demand for the achieve-

ment of self-determination and independence".The resolutions can only be effective if there is close watch on their being carried out, particularly byBritain and the United States who appeared to be making voluntary new commitments. To many observersthe importance of the Addis Ababa meeting was that it brought a breath of fresh air into the SecurityCouncil with the hearing ot spokesan of liberatioun movements, recognised by the Organisation of AfricanUnity.The Council heard statements oi behalf of SWAPO, PAIGC. FRELIMO. .MPLA, ZAPU, ZANU. ANC.PAC.. FNLA, the OAU Liberation Committee, the OAU. and from the All Africa Council of Churches andfrom the AntiApartheid Movement. Anslar Cabral, the Secretary General of PAIGC. dt cribed the guerrillafighters in Africa as "anotymous soldiers of the United Nations".An awareness is growing in African diplomatic circles that in the same way that Zimbabecan Africans hada right to be directy concerned in the negotiations over the political futtre of their country, independentAfric states have a du y toconsult more closely with the liberat'in movements of African states still seekingindependence. The 'role assigned to liberation movement spokes,men at the Security Council's speclalsession on Africa has helped consolidate that awareness-in Africa.UN Security Council rejectsBritish policy.

Anti-Apartheid News March 1972. Page 9Bishop Abel Muzorewa. Chairman of the African National Council"We ar prepared to suffer ae pea Lfor our liberation -MuzorewaIISHOP A B E L MUZOREWA, By the weekend people were coming back then and whyeveryone shou ed "No" conservative estimate counting only theChainrman of the African National to the cities and saying what shall we do According to Mr. Smiththat is intimi- time before I came here. People have beenCouncil, the . oanisati which i$ to reject these proposals. .At the very dation but really people wereresisting coming to us from all over the countryra ,ling Arc opp.iio .t the beginning he Salisbury people were afraid intimidation. People whospoke up when with lists of people who have disappeared.rallying African opposition to. t that the people m the countryside would the Commission waspresent- were quesBritish government's proposals for be blind and accept. And the ,country tioned bythe police as soon as the Com- po you think that th Pearce Commia settlement with the Smith regime,people were afraid that the peoplein Salis- mission weit. The police asked "Why sion may still devise aformula wherebyintide Rhodesia- visited Britain bury who had jobs and were living in did you ask this? Why did yousay that?" it can try to make out that the p ropsalslast month. Afterwards he travel- relative -luxury would accept. But then People were picked up 6ythe police. are acceptable to the African peopl ?ldtothe US tappear h.....r the we found that we all agreed. The only eseially the people they knewwere We saw Lord Pearce and hs ueptyled to the US before th question was what we should do, what leaders. 'before and after themeetings. chairman and we tried to educate them onu,UN Security Council While he methods should we use and finally how Then the employersannounced their the social and cultural dynamics of olwas in London he gave the follow- should we organise. campaign. Our offices wereflooded by- country. We told them - you are nt ining interview to AN -I-APAR- This is the most important thing that people comirg to tell us theywere being Britai where people in offices and,'l'5 *PaJ - has happened in Zimbabwe in the last intimidated Iy their employers Peoplesign petitions. You are Africa and theTHE-,Ia NEWSv. 'Af Z e'" *-rican pepe's way ofpresent'asseven weeks, this unity. Inside Zimbabwe were locked out of their houses an peop waomfepeseting a case

What are the alternatives to the settlement the people are united. They are talking locked out of their Workplaces and the is n come together and ag e wha they proposals? What will happen if the Settle- aboutaction, they are talking about umty, ANC had to transport people and help want to do. ment proposals gothrough? they are talking about freedom, them just because they had said "No". TheCommissioners are saying thatOne of the main reasons that Africans We decided to form an organisation andpeople Seem to have made up their mindsreject the proposals is the fact that they theh we were in business. We set up a How tnar people havebeen killed before they come. Of course they have were not consulted. We are calling for Departmentof Publicity and other depart- sire the proposals were announced. made up their minds. These peopslehave a constitutional conference at which every- ments. We sent literature explaining the They say 14: wesay 31, The shootings come together and decided We'll say one will be represented. At the same timeproposals in Shona, Ndebele and EnglishSais- ' ". anyone wants t say " hwe are asking for sanctons to be revital all over the country ad we started holding r but the worst was atUmtali. Umtali can express his opinion privately. If they ised. We think that these are constructive,meetings. We were allowed ten meetings is one of the most peaceful, or should I were not supposed tomake up their proposals and that something that would in urban areas and 200 applications to say mostdocile, towns in the country. minds, why were documents explaining be aeceptable to all of us could comeout hold meetings in rural areas were refused. What happened was that the Commission the proposalscirculated. of them. But if these alternatives are not But people were omiing into the towns was due to gothere and people cause in accepted we are aware of what may hap- ' from the rural arma. apeaceful demonstration with placards. What do you want people in Britainpen. Sir Alec may be saying that this is At the front there were people with theirto do?going to be the end but we are not both- laut Srith says that Africans have been hands symbolically tied,in chains. Then We want themto prevent legal recogniered by this. We accept it. If we do go intimidatedinto rejecting the settlement they Were told tht the Commission was tion of the Smith regime and tostrength. back to the status quo we will not despair. proposals. Who has been intimidating not there andthe people did not believe sanctins. Sanctions area mate Wt We areprepared to suffer, just like peoplewhom? it They thought that the Commission and i the British government wanted towho are fighting a war. If the settlement Smith believes that Africans are sub- was there and that only afew people had enforce them it could go seriously to the goes through it will just mean that we are humanand that they have to be told by been allowed to go in. So they waited out- bigpowers and ask them to dosomething still unliberated. If independence is recog, other people what to Say. That's nonsense. side theMoffat Hall and then the police about it Don't listen to people who tell nised it will be independence for250,000 We don't take Mr. Smith seriously. When started trying to disperse them with tear- you "Ifsanctions are imposed it's. the whites, not for us. Then it will be left for he makes a statement we can tellyou i gas. The crowd resisted and there was a Africans Who will stiffer". They are not us in Zimbabwe tosay what we will do. advance two thirds of what he is going running battle that went on for two andsincere. Especally when Mr. Smith says After the British government has aba- to saya half hours. Then the police opened fire it, it is insincere- he doesn't love us sodoned as we only pray that it will not When the Pearce Commission arrived and people were shot.That trageywould much. When you are trying to get someinterfere and that it will not try to stop itannounced in the paper that it was never have happened if the Pearce Coin- thing as' important asfreedom, you are anyone doing what they want to do to appealing to the silent majori y to come missionhad announced that it# was not prepared to pay the pri e People said toliberate our country. forward. Next morning 10.000 people coming, me"When you meet people overseas, tellwent to Stability House. A pressman who them not to worry about us suffering".How was the African National Council was there said that he had not seen a It is nonsense to say thatthe ANC s I 'have travelled overseas before, butable to organise such a effective opposi- single African who had written "Yes", provoking violence todisrupt the Coin- this is the first time I have come to Britam-ton to the proposals? The Commission said that this made it mission's work. Everyone iscoming to But wherever I have gone I have heard

Assoonastheproposalswereannounced impossible for it to work and the next say they reject theproposals. We are win- about the work done by the Anti'there was discussion everywhere. Lhave day it said "Don't come". In the rural ning. We have nothing tofear. Apartheid Movement. We appreciate thisnever seen it lIke that before. Within one areas the Commissioners did not under- Between 250 and 300people have been very much. five million Africans in Zimweek the paper containing the proposals standwhy there were objections from the detained since the detentlon of the Todds babwe have beenencouraged by what you had been distributed all over the country. crowd when the Chiefs went in to seeand the Chismisane and that is a very are doing over here.

Anti.Apartheid News March 1972. Page 10Portuguese means whitAPOLOGISTS for Portuguesecolonialism often argue that Portugal, practices a policy of multi. racialism quite different from SouthAfrican apartheid. ANTONIO DE FIGILHREDO arguesthat Portugal has evolved its own formula for white domination and that this is the formula best suited to itsown local circumstances.THERE HAVE always bees superficial distinctions, without real differences, in the ways Europeanimperialists set out to exploit other peoples. In the old days Protestant Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony.believing that to enslave fellow Christians went against the teachings of the Bible, would not baptise the"heathen natives" so that they could still enslave them. Catholic Portuguese, always more practical, bothbaptised and enslaved them.The same kinds of distinction exist to this day in the different ways that South Africa on the one hand andPortugal on the other attempt to ensure the survival of white domination.To start with, the abolition of the "assimilado" system in 1961 did not"... the slave trade was a good thing'mean that there was now equality between white and black. In order' to vote one 'must still have gonethrough primary 'school and the overwhelming majority of rural Africans, whose education consists of arudimentary crash course in Catholicism and the Portuguese language do-not qualify.* But Portugal has further safeguards-against any possibility of black rule. 'According to the Portuguese constitution 'Portugal and its coloniesregarded as one country, made up of Portugal itself and its "overseas province", now called "states".Ultimate political power lies in the hands of the President, vho alone candismiss and appoint In 1959 the ntitu that the President is universal suffrage ev is elected by an elec of theNational As live Chamber and members in many c the Government.Angola and Moa "elect" 15 per cento seats in Portumas '"The blackvery intelieven if every Afri vote Africans would change the President to constitutioal chaMany people, bo Portugal, ignore the laws. Qthers, mislo endlessly promoteo lishments, look at thatPortuguese cul the influence of apaThe fact is that product of any part it is the product of political conditions. to time and circumsUnder the impac circumstances there between Portuguese the one hand and gola on the other.In itin6 racialis prejudice. General Governor and Cot the country, alwa white gloves when Africans.Attitudes in Ang those in Guin6 an Mozambique. Ang lation of poor whi have looked wishfu Brazil Had itbee have been a reversa white Angolans pt following a course smulti-racialism- . , h apartheid system which would be tsibledo m m atE U Eand which we could not sustain: or we" E * J * * would have black governments with thed oi t consequences we have spoken of."Another very important problem is thepopulation problem. This involves first* * " " w'tes" the growth of the white population "an"tthe Prime Minister. Africa where Afrikaner "poor whites second the limitation of the rate of giowth

ution was changed so brought the onalist Party with its he l atinno longer elected by apartheid policy into power. Now Angola s blc puaoery seven years, but lies between the influences of South Africa Tl total college made up and of theZaire Republic and its future The problem issembly, the Corpora- will depend on what happens in South blacks:'other bodies whose Africa and Rhodesia. educatedset ace appointed by It is in Morambique that one hearsexplicitly racialist doctrines. Two year,esbique together only ago General Venancio Deslandes, Porto- "The question of the rate of growth ofof the total nunber of gucse army Chief of Staff.told a Lourenco the black population is a very difficulttgional Assembly. So Masrques newspaper that the territory problem be-ause we cannot distribute neeedone million white settlers to rein' contraceptive pills to every black family. force white rule. He said tht thesettlers The most we can do is not -o promote the race is not should become active agents ofoccupa- growth of the black population.ion, co-operating with the army and th-2 "White settlement does not aim atadministration. balancing the number of whites andNow General Kaulza dt Arriaga, Com- blacks: it aims at reaching a balance with mander in Chief inMozambique, is voic- educated blacks. The tribal blacks can lug disturbing ideas on racial policy. exist ingreat numbers without causing ean qualified for the General Arriaga says "If there any problem. Theproblem is educated d still not be able to were 20 or 30 million blacks in Angola blacks. As there is notmuch possibility and open up the way or Mozambique the problem would be of being able to educateall the blacks,nge ind majority rule. extremely grave. It is just as well that thank God, it is almost certain that if we th'inside and outside the population there has been so reduced, do our job properly, we can settle enoughriplications of these I do not know if this is the result of the people to balance the number of thosby theoffi'ial images export of slaves to Brazil. But if so the blacks who are being educated." by academic estab-slave trade was a good thing. He has expressed his ideas in his'lccthe past and believetures in a course of Officers training forture is impervious to d the Military High Command in LisbonIheid. "The most we can do which came to light in an official publica.raiaism is not the s n t p tion "0 problema estrategico Portugues"rlalr culture. nt that is not to promote the (Portugal's Strategic Problem).economic, social and The General is not representative ofIt varies according growth of the black the dominant currents of thought withintances. u S the Portuguese government and he himof different Politicalpopulation" self elsewhere acknowledges that there areis now a diffeTence many Portuguese, both in Portugal andpolicy in Guin on "Tribel divisions help us, as long as overseas who are, as he puts it, just asMozanbique and An- tri riae dons help na subversive and inimical as "the blacks".tbes are conicerned with their own prob- u h motn fc sta eeaim is rather like class lems, or at least with the rivalries between ArriagaBU tis tan important f is thatGeneral Spipola, the mitnacled m, - the army and that he was appointedCoimmander' in Chief of "'Subversion is above all'a war requir- mander in Chief in Mozambique inspiteys wears impeccable ing intelligence. One must be highly of his ideas, or perhaps because of them.he shakes hands with intelligent to be a" subversive- it is not In the context of events in Rhodesia and justanybody who can do it. Now the Southern Africa generally the main lessonola are different from black race is not very intelligent. On the to be drawn from General Arriaga's redeven from those in contrary it is the least intelligent people marks is that the Portuguese, who have olahas a large popu- in the world. always kept black people in such a detes, whotraditionally "If we want to maintain white rule in pressed state of social and economic infly across theocean to Angola and Mozambique, settlement must feriority that they have never been a real n viablethere could go on at a rate that keeps up with or even challenge, are quite prepared to go as fa: I in racepolicies, with surpases the rate of increase at least of as a other extremists in Son Afica scalming a UDIand educated blacks. Otherwise two things or Rhodesia to keep white supremacyimilar to that of South comld happen. Either we would set up an alive in Southern Africa.

,Dockworkers at the port of Lourenco Marques, Mozambique, wait to be signed on for the day

Anti-Apartheid News March 1972. Page I I____ REVIEWBooksThe Rise of African Nationalismiln South Africa- The African National Congress 1912- 1952 by PeterWashe. Published by C. Horst, E5.2.5.THE AFRICAN National Congress defies simple labes. It was never essentially a political party in thenarrow sense ofa cornpetitor for votes in at electoral system. (Africans have been excluded from the voteentirely since 1936,. and largely so even before then.) Yet it is a political party in the broader sense of apolitical organisation with a programme seeking to win power in order to implement that programme. TheANC has always been a mass movement in the sense that is aims and spirit accorded with the aspirations ofthe African masses, It was often - and characteristically before the 1940's-no a mass movement in the sensethat it failed to mobilise large numbers of ordinary people for jiint political action.Reformist, radical or revolutionary? The ANC has always combined elements of all three kinds, though thebalance has unmistakably shifted from a preponderance of the right to the left, especially since the DefianceCampaign of 1952. Christianity, Comunism Pan Africanism, American Negro protest, Anglo-Americanparliamentary de=scratism-elements of all these credos and systems have left their mark on the ANC, andadherents of all of them have always been found-and ae still to be foundin the ranks of the ANC.Yet the ANC still has its own distinctively South African and African character, being both a nationalistand more than a nationalist movement and organisation. Leadership, methods of struggle, scope andcharacter of organisational forms, and programme have alt evolved over 60 years, and have both refletedand- itfluenced the dramatic and far-reaching social and political changes which South Africa hasundergone, The result is a complex and still evolving phenomenon.Peter Walshe is a SouthlAfrican scholar. He is the first person to have intensively researched andpublished a docameoted history of the ANC. This alone makes his hook of exceptional interest, especiallyas he has tackled his daunting task with thoroughness and care, He has studied an extensive range oforiginal and secondary sources which will be the envy of other scholars, especially those whom Vorster hasprevented from utilising, material located in South Africa.Yet the result is disappointing, turgidly written and dull to read. More importantly, he has stuck on to theANC his own label of evaluation and approbation r- non-racialism. It is a term of little nalytic power asregards South African reality and almost none in other situations. It masks important differences of aim,covering both the desire of itist leaders for participation in a whitedominated political and economicsystem, and the deeper, more radical desire of African people for majority, i.e. African rule. As to solto-economic aims, it is devoid of content.To some extet the grave limitations of tie author's approach are masked by the fact that he stops in 1950,with only a sketchy concluding look at the 1952 Defiance Campaign end no discussion of the 1955Freedom Charter which would have forced him up against the more radical, 'soclalist' elements of theANC's current programme, adopted at the Congress of the ,People in that year.Stemming from the lack of an adequate interpretative framework, Washe's method is diffuse and repetitive.He tries to deal separately with social background, governmeat policy, African political responpes,ideological influences on the ANC, and organltational aspects. This not only makex for difficult reading,but disrupts the essential unity of the latter three elaments, and gives no clear picture of their relationship40 the former two.The outcome is a work unsuitable for the general reader, but compulsory reading for anybody deeplyinterested in the ANs a d African nationalism in South Africa.Alan BrooksChiefs and Comdls in Rhodesia by Sister SAquinas. Published by Heliemane,THE BRITISH government has no one to blame but itself for the humiliating blow suffered by its policy onRhodesia as represented by the Pearce Commission. The reasons why this policy collapsed was that theSmith regime had suecessfully deceived people in Europe, and in Britain in particular, that the 5J millionAfricans i)n Rho-desia are represented by the chiefs. For 65 years the claim that the chiefs were the representatives of theAfricans had died. It was only revived in 1963 when the Rhodesian Front came to power because it gavethem an excuse to ignore articulate African opinion expressed by African Nationalists and put the. inprison as agitators who had no following. This myth was crushed by the reaction of the African people to

the, Pearce Commission. From today on no-one is going to be deceived that Africans are led by chiefsSister Mary Aquinas shOWs quite clearly when and how the chief's influence collapsed, It was thereforequite absurd of the Brtish government to believe that the African people, under the leadership of thechiefs, would accept the settlement proposals, in which their leaders never participated. In fact all theclaims which were previously given to people that the chiefs supported the regime have always emanatedfrom the Ministries of Internal Affairs and Information, which claimed on behalf of the chiefs that theysupported the Government.Sister Aquinas does show that Christianity and education also contributed to the destruction of theinfluence which the chiefs had in the 19th century. She shows that at least one third of the Africanpopulation actively goes to a Christian church, and another one third is affiliated to Christiandenominations. Since in Rhodesia and in many other parts of Africa Christianity is synonymous witheducation this shows that at least two thirds of the African population has some education, hence theirability. to understand the political implictions of whatever the government does,'If the British governmenthad known this they would not have embarrassed themselves by providing a Commission to test theancptability of their proposals.To people who are interested to-know how the chiefs are mianipulated for political reasons by the regime,I recommend strongly that they read this book.Eshmael MlanboWhite Socety in Slack Afiress The Frenchb Senegal by Rita Crise O'Brien. Pusblshed' by Faber, 1250THIS BOOK, coming at a time when there is another flare up in Rhodesia over the question of majorityrule, would tempt anyone into pointing out how absurd are the arguments for the continuation of whitesupremacy. After all, the struggle for independence in Southern Africa has already cost more lives than allthe struggles in black Africa put together. Despite all white colonialist propaganda, the fact remains that inKenya the eiumber of whites killed by the Mau Ma did not exceed 25; in the Congo, despite chaoticinterfering, the number of Whites killed *has been much exaggerated.Contrary to the irratioialities of white ropagande, such books as this study by ita Cruise O'Brien, asociologist working for the School of Environmental Studies, University College, London, make it clearthat Whites in Southern Africa might well be losing a unique opportunity to hand power to blacks inrelative safety.Yet Rita Cruise O'Brien is not influenced by these considerations. Her study is very professional anduncritical, a report rather than an interpretation, in which It is shown that the 30,000 Frenchmen living inSenegal as techical assistants, teachers and employees in the French-owned private sector, at least manageto co-exist and prosper alongside the Africans and under a kind of majority rule,Her book is extremely readable anI a timely contribution to the study of African affairs. Precisely becauseit coneerns a territory formterly ruled by France and now ruled on her behalf by Frenchmen in black skins,one finds that the situation in Senegal, as ,compared with that in Rhodesia, only make one think of thecurious analogies there are between crime and imperuaiais.The first affinity is, of nourse, that like crime gangs, imperial nations are always reluctant to 'invade' theterritory under the preserve of their rivals-which might explain why the French and the British know solittle about each others' former colonies. The second is that, like in crime, the difference betweencolonialism and neo-colonlals, is a matter of category or degree.As we all know, criminal offences can vary from armed robbery, shoplifting and the confidence trick.Nlnthe same way, if we compared 'apartheid' with what goes on in the 'liberated' French territories, we find thatthere is far more difference in the methods than in the aima of those who are exploiting Africans, One canappreciate thedifference, if one does not get carried away and forgets that a comparison in segatiyts does not amount to apositive achievement. Mslorover as we also all know, Southern Africa had far less mosquitoes and far moregold than Sesegat. But then, Rita Cruise O'Brien is iust a professional environmentalist, concerned with aspecific situation, and not a political detective interested in the more general crime of extortion.Antonio de FigueiredoFilmsTo Kill a Pito-Ptho made under the asglees of the lfoemation Departnent of MPLA by Stefano dl StefanI,Augusta Conehlglla and a group of Italian mallleats. THIS FILM was shot on the Eastern Front insideAngola, with the co-operation of the liberation movement, MPLA. It is commit. ted to the revolutionaryarmed struggle which MPLA is successfully waging against the Portuguese. The phrase "pito-pito" is an

abbreviation of the Portuguese words "capitalist.colonist". p The narrative centres upo the reruitmeet of aguerrilla for an operation against a Portuguese base, and the way in which he carries out his task.The film has been shot with considerable technical sophistication, but each shot is subordinated to thecentral purpose of explaining visually the aims of the liberation struggle, and the way in which it is beingprosecuted.A disession among the guerrillas, in which they talk about the futility of the dowry system, and itsessentially exploitalive nature, is carried on while they ae washing themselves in a stream, getting ready toleave for actionWhile the freedom fighter on whom the narrative is based is travelling through the bash alone, distant shotsemphasse the loneliness and fear which the voice of his thoughts, on the soundtrack, tell us what he isfeeling.When is stops at a village on his route to the Portuguese base which he has been told to harass, he is given afriendly welcome by the villagers. He shakes hands with each of them in turn, and the camera moves in to aclose-up of a handshake, symbolising the unity between the militants of the liberalion movement, and thevillagers.Later he takes up position near the Portu. guese base, after carefully camouflaging himself. A distant shotshows that he is virtually indistinguishable from his sor. roundings, then tracks slowly in to show that thecamouflage is effective until the camera is a few yards away.In the final scene, after he has carried out his mission successfully, the guerrilla runs jubilantly through thebush. This sequence is filmed in slow motion, and the gigantic graceful strides which he takes are to therhythm of the victory song on the soundtrack.It is important that "To Kill a Pito-Pito' obtains the widest possible showing in this country. Distributiondetails are available from the Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guish6, 531Caledonian Rd. London, N.7.Angela Dais: Poetrit of a Revolutinary, directed by Yola de dta Lat, ANGELA DAVIS has become asymbol. 'throughout the world of the struggle of black people to liberate themselves from racist oppression.Her trial, on charsges of murder kidapping and interstate flight, is an indictment, not of her own actions, but'of the exploitative system which sacks to try herThis film is a tribute to her courage and dedication, and a political record of her work. It focuses on AngelaDavis herself, arguing, being interviewed, lecturing to packed classes of students at the University ofCahforssa, addressing street meetings and rafles.Throughout her lectusres and speeches, the enthusiasm of the (mainly black) eudi'nces is apparent. At onepoint, ,her students sit absorbed as she explains the way in which individual capitalists interlock in theircon. trot of trusts, banks, companies and universities. She then goes on to attack-the grading system in forcein the universities as part of the same capitalist system. The students alternate between absorbing attentionand spirited argument, showing their acute involvement in this, the process of real education.In an attack on the Regents for sacking her, she is applauded by the audience for refusing to plead the FifthAmendment, and for stating openly and proudly that ehe isa Communist.There is, however, one sequence in which she launches an attack upon her audience. It is duringa scenereminiscent of a Pop Festival. when she is given the microphone, and asks the audience what they thiskthey are celebrating, then tells them of the Soirdad Brothers whom she has seen taken chained like animalsinto the courtroom.The one discordant note in the film is 'truck during a sequence in which Angela is filmed at home, studyingethics. The soundtrack at this point is given over to an elegant harpsichord sequence totally out of key withthe film as a whole. Immediately after this sequence, there is a cut to a police raid on the offices of theBlack Panther Party, followed by a speech by Angela demanding the release of those arrested in the raid,The effect of the music and the editing, taken together, is to present a spurious dichotomy between heracademic and activist roles. asThis single tlase does not mar the film as a whole, It is an informative.committed record of a woman whose life is in danger became of her militant opposition -to the capitalistsystem and the racism which it spawns.For distribution details, contact Contem. pary Films, 55 Greek St., London WIVJohn SprackPoemthe peopletangwena says

this is our landSsoiled by the bloodof black centuriessmith saysthe white tonguegoes bang bangblack must learnwords of a new marchtangwena saysevery tree hereis nade in the imageof a black ghostSmith saysthe white tonguegoes bang bangyou must make your ghostsin the image of new treestangwena saysi am a root tuo deep for the white min'sknife and forkSmith saysthe white tonguegoes bang bangroots must take up their beds and walkiangwena saystangswena tangwenasmith sayswhite is rightcorn croppedfrom the old deadbelongs in the pocketsof the powerfulotherwisewhat is progresstangwena laughsthe mountains catchhis laughter and turn it,into streamsthe white tonguegoes bang bangthe streams glide into african miststangwena laughstill it hurtssmith is afraid of the laughter'the white tonguegoes bang bangspeaking in blisterswith great paintangwena goes on laughingR. G. Gregory

Asti-Apartheid News March 1972. Page 12, RACE TODAYRace Today, published on the first Friday of every month by the Institute of Race Relations, brings youunrivalled coverage of race and community relations in Britain, and sets this in an international context.

Fliature articles, local and overseas reports, book reviews, Area Round-Up keep you informed on the latestdevelopments here and abroad.Articles in recent issues include:Britain's Complicity in Rhodesia's Race LawsWhat Justice for the Mangrove Nine?R hodesia: Equal Rights Indefinitely PostponedNamibia Begins to Resist36.pagesAnnual subscription £2 Britain; £250 Overseas, 20p single copiesFree sample copy from: The Institute of Race Relations, 36 Jermyn Street,London SWlY 6DU (01-734 4606)JUST OUTTHEMINORITY RIGHTS GROUP'S SPECIAL REPORT ON "THE AFRICANS'SPREDICAMENT SIN RHODESIACopies 30p (plus 15p p & p) each (20p each for 12 or more)Fromj MCR.G. 36 CravenSt., London WC2.TRADE UNION CONFERENCE ON SOUTHERN AFRICASaturday March 18 - Sunday March 19Plaw Hatch Trade Union Country Club, Sharpethorne, Near East Grinstead, Sussex. The Conference willstudy recent events in Southern Africa, with special emphasis on the situation in Rhodesia, theNamibian strike and trade union action in Britain.Registration fee; £6Further details from National Field Officer, Anti-Apartheid Movement,89 Charlotte St., London W.I. 01-580 5311URGENTPetiloh Id the British Government t be presented on 21 March 1972- International Dayfor the Elimination of Racial Discriminon4 am totally opposed to any settlement which grantsIndependence to Rhocipsla before majority rulePetition forms still available. They must be returned by March 15 1972 toAnti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2DQ.SELL ANTI -APARTHEID NEWSPlease send -me ....... copies of ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS. I undertake to pay for them at the rate givenabove or to returnthem if they remain unsold.NAM E ...........................................ADDRESS ...........................................Selling price 5p per copy. Price to bulk sellers 4p per copy for orders of6 e12 copies; 31p per copy for orders of over 12 copies.Sharpevile DayTuesday March21.South Africa House Rhodesia House ,RioTintoZinc, StJames'sSquare12.45-2.15p.m.Presentation of petition against a sell-out on Rhodesia at 10 Downing St,2.30 p.m.Further details AAMPearce CommissionDAILY VIGILOutside the building where the Commission is meetingFrom March 12Further details: AAMSURREY ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT

calls on all those opposed to racialism to take part in a picket of Wimbledon Conservative Asso ciation'sPublic Meeting to be addressed by the notorious Enoch Powell." Assemble: 7.15 pm, Friday, March 24 atMerton Town Hall, The Broadway, Y/imbledbn, SW.19Speaker: Sam KingNamlbia Strikers Fund 'NAMIBIA STRIKERS FUND Trustees: Bishop Trevor Huddleston, David SteelMP Andrew Faulds MP, Alan Sapper.'Please send contributions to: Peter Katlavivi, 10 Dryden Chambers, 1 9 Oxford St., London W.1 orConsolidated 6 credits and Discounts Ltd., 23 Dorset St., London W.1.. .Demonstrate against Rui Patricio, Portuguese Foreign Minister on Thursday March 9 from 5.45 pr outsideCanning House, Belgrave Sq.,SW1 CFMAG,01-607- 2170Classified adsRates: p per word, minimum 30pLONDON TO ALDERMASTON spon. sored march March 31 -April 3. Rally Trafalgar Square March 31,2 pr. April march leaves Chiswick Town Hall t0 am; April 2 Slough 10 am: April 3 Kings Meadow,Reading 9 am. via Burghfield 12 am to reach Aldertuaston 3 pm. Peace Festlival, Falcon Field,Aldermaston opp Nuclear Research Centre April 3 12 am6 pm with John Peel, Hawkwind, Ioy Harper.Steve Took, Adrian Mitehel Adrian Henri, Graham Bond and Pet Brown. Proceeds to CND andHiroshima Victims Fund. Sponsorship forms and further information from: CND, 14 Grays Inn Road,London 'W.CI. 01-242 3872.[XPtOIAION IN TIIE. THIRDWORLD. tints. inclding Chins. Antonio das Mortes, The l'nssnqised. Legacy of Empire. Speakers on trade.atd developmet, imtAral.sm. i0 a t itO pm Sunday. M rch i9 at llnivrrsity ('oller (olieiale Thteati, 15Gtordott St. donn. W.C.I Ttkt sop from North London Hasiemcr¢ Group, 69Tslhot Rd. London, W.2.BLACK MAN'S BURDEN is probably % the best film available to date on the problems encountered bypoor contries which are trying to raise their standard of living. 50 mis. Hire charge £3.60.. Price 100.Availbale from Concord Films. Nacton, Ipswich SPIt 0JZ.PEOPLE'S CONCERT to raise funds for detainees organised by the Ceylon Coinmitten. Folk music anddancers from East and West. Featuring: Balasundari and Company. Charles Parker, Byron Balmond.Erange and Priange, John La Rose (reading poetry) etc. Friday Aprit 7' at 7.30 pm. Notre Dame Church. 6Leicester Place. Leicester Square (next to Prince Charles Cinema), Tickets 40p in advance (or 50p at door).Available from D. Situnayake 01.458 2059 evenings.LEFT IBOOKS n Leeds. Visit BOOKS, 84 Woodhoose Lpne, Leeds 2. Send tOp for large lista inpiuparaion."NO SELL-OUT TO SMITH" flsoretcent car-stickers £2 per 10 post-free or 5p each with SAE. Availablefromt Warrington Campaign Against the Rhpdesia Settlement, Wall Cottage, Goose Une. Hatton, viaWarrington.EXHIBITIONS shoi g the backgroundto the struggle in Mozabiqne Angola and C uin -- photographs,mapsand posters. £5 hire ch rge one week: other rates negotiable. Committee for Freedom in Mobque,Angoia and Gime, 531 Caledonian Rd.. London, N.7. 01-607 2170.EXPERT copy typing, tape typing done, theses, books, etc. Contact Nancy 01-580-5311AAM noticesTHE PROPOSALS FOR A SETL.MENT IN RHODESIA: THE REAL MEANING. Analysis of the Rhodesia settlement proposals. 35p per100 copies plus postage. Anti-Apartheid Movesemt 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2DQ.WEST LONDON Anti-Apartleid ros,Meeting and film show "Rhodsa's gese Neighbou s". Speaker: Tn ifO Film: "Behind the Lines", MondayM20 at 8 p.m. Ecumenical Centre, Denlbig Rd., W.l (biuss 12, 15, 27, 28, 31, 52, 88).Retun to: Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte S London W1P I DAVEJAREDINE was arresed on ti eFebruary I3 dhese by a plain cloth" poman opposite RhdeiaHouse shortly atathe Police charged demonstrator.H aloin theiAnti-Apartheed Moeeceat.and fawnJonte~t-patetroeen.1ousers. Will anybody, especiallywern a de ge vrot af bk coesrasfe who was in front ofhim,

who sew his arrest and is wllin to give'Receive ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS and regular information on evidenceinis hadefence, contact: Anti'anti-apartheid activities. Available from Committee for Free- ApartheidMovement, 89 CharlotSt,NAME ............... ........... .....................doe in Mozambique, Angola and Lcndon WIP 2DQ01-58 531ADDRESS........... .............. . ....................... Gums, 531 Caledonian Rd.. London MANY Ii, C-ortive Soeti .t have,... ............... .................................. P pledged themselves to stop elig SPHONE ....................African goods in Co-op shops. AA membeSrsMembership £2 p.a.; £1 students; 50p old age pensioners. PHOTOCRAFT Ha Mld td. areurged to join their locl Co-operativeMemerhi: tudnt; 0p4 Meath Street, London NW Society and to sorto resolutionscalingIAffiliation: £20 student unions; £5 national organisations; £2 Tel: 0435 992 on Co-opshops not to sell Southlocal organisations. goods, on the Co-operative WhAnti-Apartheid Movement. 89 Charlotte St., London W1P 2DQ, lSociety C o dth same and u isyTel. 01-5805311. Giro: 52 513 0004. Pogphic de5e& Co-op me95bersnotto buSoth AfriafPsblishd by'the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London W I and prmnted by SW (Lithe)Printers Ltd. ( ), 6 Cottons Gardeis, London E 2|