ANTI APARTHEID

ANTI APARTHEIDIe ne~wa of the Anti-Aparthei Movwnenth Africa s townships erupt with hatred of apartheid.apselri Ut t prHluaU. IMcpeople of South Africa are resisting with courage and determination. Massive demonstrations 'againstapartheid, with hundreds of thousands of people marching against the Vorster Government, have takenplace in townships throughout South Africa.The Government's response has been to open fire indis-AA News goes tO press, by the African National Congress underground for a three-day work stoppageshows that the police crack-down has neither destroyed organised resistance nor intimidated the people.In Zimbabwe the massacre by the white Rhodesian regime's seculjty forces of at least 675 Zimbabweans ata UN refugee camp in Mozambique has revealed that theIn Namibia, South Africa's plan for a phony "independence" aimed at stalling further UN action against itsillegal occupation isloomed to failure in the face of the growing strength of SWAPO.The states of independent Africa and the whole nonaligned world have stepped up their solidarity action,and in particular are now planning sanctions against those-uai , nI an; iur nroalsIng daily, it seems that certain Western powers, especially Britain and the USA, aresimply playing for time and their few initiatives appear to be designed to produce "compromise" solutionswhich are really white supremacy in a new disguise. it has never been so important that we in Britainshould pressure our Govern-we can help: they want an end to all forms of collaboration with the white minority regimes and effectivesupport and solidarity with those who are fighting for their freedom. South African demonstrations and.government reprisals, page 2; AAM action, page 3; Smith massacre of refugees in Mozambique, page 5;SWAPO rejects sham "independence", page 4.'The world is with you'- say demonstrators in Britain

Reports of mass grave inThousands marchagainst apartheidOVER the past three months court, but many are being enough to make them believe inthe people of South Africa detained. Many of them, including separate development and want tohave mounted demonstrations school children, have been system- protect what they had againstagainst apartheid which are atically beaten up, pitched into agitators.unprecedented in their scale police vans with the dead and the At least 80 per cent of blacks,and character, dying, and brutally taunted by he claimed, did not want confrontaIn soweto an August 4-in their captors., tion with theGovernment becauseianc S oe o st n The casual way in which the police they knew they could not win. defiance of policewho shot over have resorted to mass shootings is As for the others- "Those who 174 people dead in June-around a development of the habitual want confrontation, we must give it 30,000 people set off to marchto brutality with which the powers- to them," said Kruger. Johannesburg to demand the that-be inSouth Africa treat South But the Government's onlyrelease of student leaders who had African blacks. , attempt to give blacks anything hasbeen held since June.At the same time'tens of Everywhere demonstraors been their introduction of enthousands of Soweto workers- attacked government buildings, insignificant scheme by whichespecially Bantu Administration Africans can buy 30-year leases on estimated at 60 per cent of the Boardoffices, schools and beer- houses in townships in "white" township's labour force-stayed halls. In theCape Town township South Africa. away from work.- of Langa, they burnt down a hostel Andfar from wooing sectionsIn the vext two weeks Africans for single workers-symbol of the of the black population which they tookto the streets in nearly all migrant labour system, might at least have hoped to neutra

the major industrial centres of the The demonstrators set out to - liv, they have alienatedthem Transval,and n many smaller destroy physically the buildings and by responding to the cities and towns.machinery of the apartheid system, demonstrations with wholesaleIn Natal crowds in two major They did this with whatevei arrests and brutality.centres, Pinedale and Hanmmars- weapons they could find-mostly The Government's responsehas dale,attacked Bantu Administra- stones and petrol bombs, shown that it is impossible fortion Board offices and schools. The demonstrations quickly them to offer black people anyOn August 9the demonstrations spread to at least four Bantustans. thing within the apartheidspread to the eastern Cape towns of In Bophuthatswana protesters framework which the blacks see EastLondon and Port Elizabeth, burnt down the "parliament" as worth having.where demonstrators again burnt building, the Magistrate's office, a down Bantu Administration Boardpost office, a Department of Works Uhbuildings and schools, building, and a school. 'aOn August 11 high school On August 22 the Bantustanstudents in CapeTown's three "leaders" themselves, in a joint oAfricand n anga statement, deplored police violence fGuguletu and Nyanga sparked noe and said that they sawthemselves demonstrations on a scale compa- asforming part of the liberation "OUR people are ready to give ap rable to the first uprising in Sowetostruggle.in June. their ives," Oliver Tambo, ActingAs Anti-Apartheid News goes to By their actions protesting Africans tres," of ie Tam atina press thepeople of the black town- -both inside and outside the Bantu- President of the African Narronal of PortElizabeth ure again stans-showed that they thought of Congress of South Africa, told aships ibth again the Bantustan policy as part and press conference in London onmarching in the streets.There have been demonstrations parcel of apartheid. August 13.in every maior ity of South Africa, From the first marches in Young people and workers allin which many hundreds of Soweto, Indian, Coloured and a over the country had come out ontotnusands of people have taken few white students took action in the streets knowing that they would part,solidarity with African demonstra- be met not just by targas but byBy the middle of August the . tors. bullets. "But the demonstrationsofficial death toll stood at over 250 By the middle of August people go on, and the true figure must bemuch in the Coloured townships around higher. Cape Town were launching their Hestressed that the way theSome reports from black bourna- own attacks against government protests were continuing was evilistssay that up to 1,000 people buildings and patrolling police cars. dence that the issues were much havebeen shot dead in the protests All the black people of South Africa deeper than the use of Afrikaans andtalk of a mass grave in oweto were showing that they had a "The demand is for the totalcommon interest in opposing apart- transfer of power, not just to black which is being heavily guarded byhaid. epeaantth ht ioiypolice inside the township. people aginst the white minority,Even after the initial holocaust The Vorster Government's but to the majority of the people.oin Soweto, the police did not response to the demonstrations South Africa." change their policy of firingwith was typified by Minister of Justice The demonstrators' main targets live bullets and shooting to kill.Jimmy Kruger's speech to the he pontor ad n tartsThousands of people 'have been Natignal Party' Natal Congress. he ontu Adbenistrati arrested. Somehave appeared in He sdid that blacks must be given ment of Bantu Administrationarrested. Some have appearedwinMass roundup by policeHUNDREDS of people have been detained by the South African Security Police in the biggest policeround-up since Sharpeville.Most of the detentions Ijave been made under the new State Security ("SS") Act which enables the police tohold people indefinitely without any access to the outside world.Among those arrested were the entire executive but one of the recently-formed Soweto Black ParentsAssociation-among them Winnie Mandela, Nthato Motlana, a Soweto doctor, and Father SmangalisoMkhatshwa, a Roman Catholic priest.

Also taken was Samson Ndou who, with Winnie Mandela and 20 others, was acquitted on charges underthe Terrorism Act in 1970 after spending over a year in detention. ., ..At least 80'members of'SSO(South African Students Organisa- I 1tion) and the BPC (Black Peoples Convention) are among those detained.The sections of the State Security Act which provide for indefinite detention without trial were invokedover the whole country only three days before the arrests, on August 11. The Act had earlier been invokedin the Transvaal alone, on July 16.Many other people were already being held in detention as the big swoop took place (see July-August Anti-Apartheid News).Among those arrested since the beginning of July, who had still not been charged when AA News went topress, were the National President of the BPC, Kenneth Rachidi' who was detained on July 14; the BPC'sGeneral Secretary, 'Tiza' Mazibuko, detained on July 21; and, $en Louw formerVibe President of SASOdetainid ii + 1. :;i l!i , " .8k 1i )'schbols and clinics- "the symbols of oppression and apartheid"The demonstrations showed thatThree appear inTerrorism Act tTHREE people-David and Susan Rabkin, and a Cape Town University lecturer, Jeremy Cronin, appearedin court in Cape Town under the Terrorism Act on August 13.No indictment was presented to the court and they were remanded to appear again on August 21.David and Susan Rabkin are British citizens, and they seem to have been brought to court only because ofthe outcry which followed their arrest.Even so, Susan Rabkin wac held in solitary confinement for 17 days, although she is 7 months pregnant.In other current trials under the Terrorism and Suppression of Communijm, Acts- . .......Br, are noy givag e i epf c:SowetoJ,ked the people to preparestruggle -ANC leaderthe Bantustan policy provided no gave materal support to the Voranswer to the aspirations of the Government.people. n particular, he called on perAnswering the charge by the in Britain to put pressure on theSouth African Minister of Police, British Government to stop inve ment and trade with white SouthINSIDE South Africa the ANC's Africa. This trade, he said, incluunderground newsletter Amandla. the landrovers which had been uaMaria has urged people "to hit beck in Sowetoat the enemy with everything we He said that the ANC had wehave got". that "apartheid will not be destrIt asks them to join the ANC's ed unless people break it down bmilitary wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, force."so as to become better fighters. "The African National CongrIt says: "The ANC is there andlives amongst you: let us convert has a duty in the interest of ea your anger into revolutionary inSouthern Africa to change thaction." system and to replace it with onin which there will be one peopJames Kruger, that ANC agitators and one Government acting in f were behind the demonstrations,accordance with the will of'aOliver Tambo said that the ANC majority of citizens.was encouraging people to fight for 'When we succeed there willtheir rights all the time. But in Peace in South Africa for ?lldoing this it was not agitating but P people-here will be no 'whitesexpressing the aspirations of the 'Bantu' but one people.

people. "In our general leadership ofHe sharply attacked Western people, -he said, "we have askwcountries which issued statements them to be prepared for armedcondemning apartheid and then struggle. "ster ple ,tuded ted medY"iy ross ceis3elebe orSthecourt in new Vorster thugsrial ..murder againin their ownrcdefence. MAPETLA Mohapi, who diedthe prosecution in the case of while being interrogated by the10 alleged members of the10rica al o f t South African Security Police onAfrican National Congress said August 5. has been described asthat the ANC had distributed "a person of gre datermination,thousands of pamphlets calling inner resourcefulness and courage'"for "intensification of the Father Aelred Stubbs, of thearmed struggle against white Community of the Resurrectionoppression", in Johannesburg, said that he was* the defence has opened its cot the sort of person who wascase in the trial of five former likely to have committed suicide, white students in Johannes- as theSecurity Police had allegedburg. he had done,* five former high school Mapetla Mohapi was detainedstudents, including the former in King William's Town on July 15,President of SASM (South and was alleged by police to haveAfrican Students ,Movement), hangedliimself in Kei prison.face charges of trying to leave He was the twenty fourth personSouth Africa for m, Iftary known to have died white being tra frinci fo mii r' .. ..c viv si iI.:- ,, , BeelriRolms it i ~ss itt

AAM urges strict SA arms banBritish Government opposes 'South Africa: threatmandatory arms- embargoto world peace - AAMTHE British Government has refused to sponsor a UN Security Council resolution making the armsembargo against South Africa binding on all UN Member States.After the first police shootings in South Africa in June, the Anti. Apartheid Movament asked theGovernment to initiate moves to make the arms ben'mandetory.It also called on it to enforce a complete arms embargo against South Africa to cover the supply of allequipment, sppes, patents and "know-how'" to the defence and police forces.In reply to a question from Labour MP Frank Allaun in the House of Commons on July 7, Roy Hattersley,Minister of State at the Foreign Office, said that although the British Government regarded the SouthAfrican Government's race policies as "detestable and dangerous", itdid not consider them to pose a threatto international peace.Chapter VII of the UN Charter empowers the Security Council to pass mandatory resolutions where there isa threat to international peace and security.In the same month that the Minister made his statement4, South African troopsattacked the Zambian

village of Sialola, killing 24people and seriously injuring45Hundreds atA SER VICE of Commemoration and Intercession for the 174 black-people known to have been killed in Soweto, their dependants and the many hundreds injured was held atSt Paul's Cathedral oh Jlly 15The Service, jointly organised by the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa and theAfrican National Congress of* President Agostinho Neto ofAngola said that regular unitsof the South African Armyhad killed 101 people duringrecent attacks on Angola'ssouthern border0 the Smith regime in Rhodesia,which depends on SouthAfrica for arms and foreconomic survival, launched an attack inside Mozambiquein which 607 people werekilled.,At a meting with an AntiApartheid Movement delegation led by Bishop Trevor Huddleston on July 8,Ministers of State from the Foreign Office and the Defence Ministry, Ted Rowlands and William Rodgers,repeated the 'Government'& refusal to support UN mandatory action.When the delegation raised the question of breaches of the British arms ban, the Ministers gave anassurance that they would give serious consideration to the AntiApartheid Movement's proposals forstrengthening the embargo.The Anti-Apartheid Movement's call for a tightening of the British arms embargo has received new backingfromchurch and trade union organisations. "At their conference in JulyBritish Methodists urged the Government to enforce a total ban on the export of "materials and technologyof direct or potential military value which may be of assistance to the South African Defence Forces".The conference also deplored the activities of British companies which continued to supply productswithmilitary uses and called for the setting up of a widely representative task force on Southern Africa.The National Union of Mineworkers, at its annual conference, asked the Government to impose "a strictembargo on all equipment and spares for the South African defence and police forces".Expressing its horror at the June massacre of South African citizens in Soweto and other.townships, the*union called on the British Government to "take all possible measures to bring the apartheid regime to anend and secure the introduction of majority rule".The scientificrtechnical and managerial staffs union ASTMS No 5 Divisional Council has called on itsNEC to make representations to the Government for.the strict mplementation of a total embargo on thesupply of military and police equipment to South Africa "in view of the widespread involvement ofASTMS members in the armaments industry".It asked its NEC to prest the Government to take steps to ensure that the embargo does not result inredundancy.Non-alignedstates and OAU summit meeting urge sanctions against Western countries which sell arms toSouth Africa, papeeaSoweto memorial serviceSouth Africa, was addressed by "Those of us who love theM B Yengwa, a leading member of beloved country," Bishop the ANC, and the Rt Revd TrevorHuddleston said, "need to dedicateHuddleston, Bishop of Stepney. ourselves afresh to what we knowM B Yengwa condemned the is worth iving for and worth dyingviolence that was inherent in for. "

apartheid and called for support , Liberal Party leader David for the struggling people of South Steel MPand the Party's former Africa. "Peace will only be found leader Jeremy Thorpe MP were in liberation," hesaid. among the 200-strong congregation.Nigeria's UN Ambassador, Leslie Harrinmn, addressing an Anti-Apartheid Movement rally in Central HallWestminster-on July 12 THE wave of protest which -was Afican Rational Congress ofsweeping South Africa showed that South Africa, its Director of a people could not be subjugatedInformation MP Naicker quoted through sheer brutality, said from the ANC's undergroundNigeria's UN Ambassador Leslie journal Amandle Maaela:"Don'tHarriman at the Anti-Apartheid weep, mobilise-mobilise andMovement rally in Central Hall isolate the raciahsts. "Westminster on July 12' Ken Gill, General Secretary ofCommenting on the British AUEWI(TASS) and member of theGovernment's refusal to support UN TUC General Council, called on moves to make the arms embargoPrime Minister Callaghan and theagainst South Africa mandatory, Queen to make the same appealAbdul Minty, Hon Secretary of the on behalf of the hany Africans AAM, asked: What else must SouthWho are being execute-d by the Africa do before Britain considers Smith regime as they made for it athreat to peace?" the lives of the three BritishHe said that South Africa had mercenaries executed in Angola, committed aggression against He saidthat at least 70 freedomNamibia, Angola, Zambia and was fighters had been executed by the, the nmain supporter of the SmithSmith regime and another 20 were regime in Rhodesia. now under sentence of death.The Nt Reed Trevor Huddleston, Charles Clarke, President ofBishop of Stepney, said that the the NUS, said that the young, Labour Government's present policypeople of Britain understood that on the South African arms ban was the future of Southern Africa notenough. The only way forward lay with the African majority. was to impose a mandatory UNSecurity Council embargo and to Australian dockersmake sure that it was implemented by Britain. black SA cargoFrank Allaun MP said thatLabour MP had raised Marconi's TRADE between South Africa and contract to supply South Africa'sAustralia was brought to a total Defence Force with communications equipment with the British standstillthroughout July by the Cabinet, and that they would Australian dockers' one monthcontinue to protest against this ban on South African cargo. The and other arms deals until they dockersimposed their embargo in were stopped once and for all. protest against the police shootingsSpeaking on behalf of the in Soweto.Labour must end arms deals'Picture by Morning StaSupporters of the African National Congress and the Anti-Apartheid Movement mounted a picket insupport of the demonstrators in South Africa outside the South Afican.Emfiassy in London on August .6THE situation in Southern Africa will be on the agenda when the Labour Party holds its conference inSeptember. FRANK ALLAUN MP argues that the issue must be given a high priorityESPECIALLY in view of the shooting down of South Africans this summer, it is to be hoped that theLabour Party conference discusses the situation, in that unhappy country.There are fiveresolutions on the agenda dealing with Vorster and his Government, and two of them dealparticularly with arms supplies from Britain to the South African Defence DepartmentThe Labour Party has been committed to implementing an arms embargo against South Africa since 1963.In October 1974, the Party's election manifesto stated: "'By a decision of the Government, arms are nolonger being supplied to South Africa."Therefore it is extremely disturbing that this year a number of breaches of this commitment have eitherbeenadmitted or alleged. They must he entirely stopped, both for the sake of black African lives anid alsoforithe'lsid bf H good hielsh of~idioljf2 ' 3'Aviation Jersey Ltd have been convicted of supplying to South Africa £111 millions worth of spare partsfor Centurion tanks and other weapons. The company broke the Eleventh Commandment: Thou shalt nothe found out. (They were "punished" with the ludicrous fine of E16,bOO.) The Manager, J R Chalmers,said: "Anyassociation we had with South Africa was with the blessing of the Ministry of Defence."

Eitherthe Ministry did know, a most serious offence. Or else it did not know-in which case it is guilty ofgross and culpable negligence.In reply to a Parliamentary Question, Roy Mason, Secretary of State for Defence, told me that within thelast five years no fewer than 97 top military officers and 86 top civil servants have left their positions and,with Ministry permission, have joined arms firms. An my view, that is a highly undesirable. practice, "Next is the E8 millions Marconicontract to supply South Africa with a tropospheric scatter system. This was brought to light by Jock Hall,a local Labour Party chairman, working on the contract fsa research engineer. ThS isA milarto the systems used by America in Vietnam to locate, identify and communicate the movement ofindividuals, weapons or vehicles, At the moment of writing this, contract is still under consideration by theBritish Cabinet.It is argued by the firm that this is for normal communication purposes. Then why should the contract bewith the South African Defence Department? And has not a Marconi spokesman said that part of thecontract is for use in Namibia?Finally; there is the UN arms embargo imposed by the Security Council in 1963. Although it has causedsome difficulties for Pretoria its great weakness is that it is not mandatory. In June 1975, the SecurityCouncil considered a resolution which held that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia constituted athreat to world peace and called for a mandatory arms embrgo. It was vetoed by the three Westernpermanent members of the Security CouncI fully support the call by the Anti-Apartheid Movement for the ban to be made mandatory, and hope ourmovement will do ther

SAtries UN sidetrack inNamibiaON August 18 South Africaannounced Ihat Namibia is to have an "interim government"-13 days before the UNSecurity Council deadline for- ee national elections inNamibia under UN supervisionThe announcement stated thatthe "government" will be set up assoon as a constitution can beworked out, and that the target for "independence" will be December31 1978.The new administration will beconstituted out of.the Turnhalle conference (the iter-tribal talks mounted in Windhoek by South Africa),and will probably have Chief Kapuuo as President withDirk Mudge, arch-"verligte" of theNationalist Party camp, as PrimeMinister.Reports on the constitutionalproposals being drawn up byMudge's committee suggest that though the faces at the top maychange, the system will be all too familiar: Namibia wit be divided into "ethnic units", each of which willhave its own local administration.The difference between this andearlier Bantustan proposals is the federal packaging: a central legislature is proposed, of representa-' tiesfrqm all the ethnic areas,where matters of national concernwill be debated.Some participants in Turnhalleare not altogether happy: members of the Coloured delegation told the press that South Africa "was makinga farce out ofTurnhalle".But five delegations now

commanding their own legaladvisers, the majority of delegates appear to be happy to settle to the business of land claims and extendingthe boundaries of their"ethnic states".fe the South African regime isencountering some dissatisfactionamong its "stooge" delegates, it faces even greater immediate political difficulties within theranks of its own NationalistParty. Relations between the "enlightened" Mudge and his colleagues du Plessis and van Ziil have steadilydeteriorated.While most of the whites in Namibia continue to tuck themselves away inside the laager, powerful forcesare at work to push Vorster and Mudge down the path towards a "solution", and a critical issue in thesituation is whether Britain, France and the US will feel that the proposals being hatched in Windhoek andPretoria give them sufficient grounds to continue to block effective action by the UN Security Council'against the illegal regime.Two months ago Britain sent a roving envoy to Southern Africa primarily to canvass the possibility of an"extended Turnhalle", to include SWAPO, taking place outside Namibia. Britain's position was made clearby UN representative Ivor Richard ': "We do believe that independence may not be too* far away, and thatnow is the time to attempt-to reconcile the various currents of Namibian opinion... [Such peacefulsolutions] will require great statesmanship on South Africa's part and a readiness to accept what for it wasonce quite unacceptable. Such solutions will also require... a like degree of restraint, statesmanship andflexibility on the part of SWAPO."The US is also playing a bigger role in Namibian affairs. It appears to be a-major supporter of ChiefKapuuo, whose recent visit to America, allegedly to take part in the bicentennial celebrations,revealed, amongst other things, that he has acquired the services of a New York public relations firm.Recent difficulties within SWAPO have also suggested more sinister activities: in a press statement onincreasingly important successes against the South African army, SWAPO has been understandably angryat attempts to make it adopt a "conciliatory" posture towards the South African regime,SWAPO leaders get leave to appeal against hangingTHE two SWAPO leaders, sentenced to death under the Terrorism Act in May-Aaron Mushimba andHendrik Shikongo-have at last been granted leave to appeal to the South African courts' Appelate Divisionin Bloemfontein.The two young women, Rauna Nambinga and Anna Ngaihondjwa, who were tried with them and given7 and 5 year gaol sentences, have also been given leave to appeal.The SWAPO leaders were condemned to hang although they were not themselves accused of committingany act of violence.Leave to appeal was granted after it was revealed that the Security Police had received documents stolenfrom the defenceA Swakopmund court ruled thata special record should be made in the court record of the trial detailing the "irregular and illegal departuresfrom the rules.., which the law requires for a fair trial".The sentences have been widely denounced outside South Africa, in particular by the InternationalCommission of Jurists which sent a special observer to attend the trial. The ICJ has said that it isunthinkable that the sentences should be allowed to stand. " AAM supporters who have not yet done soare urged to send postcards to the British Government calling on it to demand clemency for AaronMushimba and Hendrik Shikongo. Postcards are available from SATtS (Southern Africa-The ImpisonedSociety), c/o Anti-Apartheid Movemeet, 89 Charlotte St, London W.August 2 SWAPO President Sam Nuioma said that SWAPO had succeeded in crushing a "wellcoordinated, well-financed conspiracy by the South African regime and itsjgtperialist allies, especiallyWest Germany, to destroy SWAPOWith its members continuing to bear the full weight of repression at home, and its fighters scoringstating clearly that it will only negotiate with South Africa onthe modalities of South African withdrawalfrom Namibia. A paper explaining the background to the Windhoek talks-"All Options and None: TheConstitutional Talks in Namibia" -is available from International Defence & Aid Fund Publications Dept,104 Newgate St, ,London ECI Price 20p.SWAPO pledges intensified struggle: guerrillas strike dee into-white farmland

'~ru ful ii5,Lui,.nunr.nern SWAPO's President, Sam Nujoma, declared that SWAPO "will continue tointensify armed and political struggles, the most effective method towards the realisation of genuine andmeaningful independence for Namibia", in a statement made at a five-day executive meeting in Lusaka atthe end of July,He said that in the course ofmany engagements between freedom fighters and security -forces "the racist South African regime hascome to admit SWAPO's effectiveness in military combat and fire power".Towards the end of June, a guerrilla unit penetrated far south of the Ovambo Bantustan into themountainous, thickly wooded country between Tsumeb and Otavi. well into Namibia's white, farming area.The massive police operation mounted by the regime to track the guerrillas down occupied the headlines ofthe local press for several days.In the north, where mostof the fighting is going on, South Africa is relying on the massive securityclampdown recently imposed in the Ovambo, Kavango and Caprivi Bantustans to prevent any news of theconflict, other than official communiques, seeping out to the outside world.Recent defence force claims that guerrilla activity is "on the wane" in the north most probably reflect therestrictions imposed on the freedom fighters by the current dry season and certainly not any long-termadvantage gained by the security forces.In a recent interview with amember of the Dutch Angola Medical Committee, SWAPO's representative in Luanda, Herman Nangolo.Itheti, described the situation in the war zone and the support that the freedom fighters are receiving fromlocal people,The following is part of that interview:What does it mean to be occupied by the troops of the racist regime?Everybody regards South Africans as intruders in our country. The South African Police could not controlthe indigenous people of the territory, especially when it comes to political issues, so theSouth African Army was called up and they occupied a part of our country, the northern and north. easternregions.These are still under curfew to that people cannot move in the evenings and are being removed from theirplace of origin. The South African government is trying to create a no-mans-land in our country.How on the contrary is the life of the people in the liberated areas?We don't have what we call really liberated areas but we have operational areas where SWAPOsuccessfully control our combatants. The life in these areas is that people feel much more secure whenSWAPO combatants arrive in their area and when they see that there are no more South African policeforces to harass them and to ask them about the whereabouts of the guerrilla fighters. People have beentortured, they have been killed every day in order to give up this information.We organise every unit of our fighting cadres so that they have at least one person who knows about firstaid and medical care. So thelocal population go to our fellows whenever they need such things. What will be the influence of thevictory gainqd in Angola for the liberation of the people of Namibia?Angola under MPLA has really facilitatedgall that we have been dreaming about. From a geographicalpoint of view we share a long frontier with Angola so that no matter how strong-the South African Armybecomes, it can never manage to control such a frontier. We can always enter Namibia, and because weknow our country better than anybody else, we know how to deal with the situation.We are sure that it is definitely .up to us now, the ball is in our hands. The Angolan comrades arewholeheartedly out to support us, to guarantee our future struggle and flture liberationTrial move of 10on terror chargeTHE trial of 10 morn Namibianson charges under the Terrorism Act has been moved to Keetmanshoop insouthern Namibia, 300 miles west of Windhoek.The move seems to be a deliber-. ate tactic by the South African authorities to make it difficult for thoseaccused to organise their defence or to receive visits from their families and lawyers.The 10 are charged with being directly or indirectly involved in the murder of four whites and the death ofa black policeman [see July-August Anti-Apartheid News).Picket sales ofNamibian furs

THE Namibia Support Committee is organising pickets outside sales of Namibian karakul pelts, io demandan end to-all trade with Namibia so long as it is illegally occupied.On September 7 a picket will be mounted at Eastwood and Holt, Swakara House, Upper Thames St,London EC4, and on September 8 at Hudson's Bay & Annings, Beaver Hall, Greai Trinity Lane, LondonEC4. Both pickets will take place 1? noon to 1.30 pm -SWAPO has condemned South mini-states".Africa's announcement of plans to It goes on to reaffirm thatset up an "interim government" in SWAPO is the only instrument for Namibia. I genuinechange in Namibia andIn a statement it describes them that-therefore anyarrangements as "a neo-colonial scheme hashed up forpeaceful change must take by South Africa" anid says that the place "between the occupying VorsterGovernment's aim is to turn regime and SWAPO". Namibia into a "confederation of

Ths s acice giv us ne imetsMassac're by, --Smith troopsF,2] UAS many as 1,000 people may have been killed by Rhodesian troops when they invaded deep insideMozambique on August9.Medical workers at the scene of the massacre have already found 670 bodies: they believe that the finaldeath toll will be between 800 and 1,000.It said that more dead were being found every day as many people had fled wounded into the bush wherethey died.The massacre took place at Nhazonia refugee camp, which sheltered 8,00, Zimbabwean refugees, 25 milesinside theBritish tIT looks as if the BBC's Panorama programme, "Who fights for Rhodesia?", on July 19, in revealing animmense amount of information on recruiting networks in Britain for Smith's security forces, has ifanything served as a stimulus to would-be soldiers of fortune.The Argus London office, which also represents the Rhodesian Printing and Publishing Company inBritain, claimed that within half an hour of the end of the programme they, had received several calls frompeople wishing to volunteer for the Rhodesian Army.Next day, Harold Soref. the chairman of the Monday Club's Africa Committee, promised a rush of"patriotic young men concerneo with containing communism and preserving civilisation in SouthernAfrica" as a direct result of Panorama's efforts.With the escalation of the guerrillastruggle, Britain's rightwing are stepping up their efforts in support ofthe white minority regime. The Anglo-Rhodesian Society is now organising a petition calling on the BritishGovernment to witldraw its offer of financialMozambique border in Manica provine. Most of the refugees were children, woman and old people.Eyewitness accounts said that Rhodesian troops arrived in Nhazonia dressed in uniforms smiliar to thoseworn by FRELIMO soldiers and that some white soldiers had blacked their faces.They drove into the camp shouting "Viva FRELIMO" and told children who met them to call their leaders.An old man who survived said that thee "The Rhodesians began to fire on us. Those who were nearest fell."They began to pursue those who were running away towardsthe river -Theygot'out of their vehicles'firing continuously."On the road the vehiclescrushed the bodies of everyone who was in their way. Many people died at the river when they were tryingto cross it to escape into the bush. Above all women, children, old people and people who didn't know howto swim."Another survivor said: "They burned the huts with the people inside."As they retreated the Rhodesian troops blew up a bridge behind them and opened fire on two vehiclevehicles that were coming along the road.Six people died in the shooting,-two priests, two topographers and two engineers from the Cabora Bass dam project.

On August 10 the Smith regime issued a statement admitting that the raid had taken place, and saying thatmore than 300 "terrorists" were killed, together with 30 Mozambican soldiers and 10 civi. lians.A ZIMBABWEAN broadcast on Mozambique Radio commented on the massacre: "We, the freedomfighters of Zimbabwe, have killed human beings. But those we have killed are the soldiers, the police, thedistrict officers and their assistants-those whose principal function in life is to oppress and killthe people of Zimbabwe."The people who died on' Monday morning this week ran away from their own country because they andtheir families were being put into concentration camps. for a few months. they found peace and freedom inthe People's Republic of Mozambique. Now more than 600 of them are dead."These terrible sacrifices give the national liberation struggle new impetus, not only for the war but also forthe building of a new Zimbabwe after the war. We are children of the martyrs of Nhazonia. We will build acountry which honours their memory.";roups drum up support for Smithaid to Mozambique and to give it Association, is to open its doors to between the instead to the Smithregime. The members of the Rhodesian security Rhodesia thr petition has been drawn up by Tory forcesfree of charge. In addition The Britis MP Ronald Bell and is intended as to payingthe forces' membershiptried to stop ammunition for the right wing dues, the worldwide Weaving in and out ofduring the November debate in the International Friendship Founda support for t House of Commons onthe renewal tion of which Friends, of the Lion regime. InJ of the Rhodesia sanctions order, is the localRhodesian branch s to Nazi RhodesiAnother organistion active in grant the Friends anextra £250,000 Party, Ken R Britain, the Friends of theLion to ensure "greater understanding" on a barely d'Ban mercenary recruiting'THE Diplock Committee has'recommended that the British Government should have power to prohibit therecruitment in Britain of mercenaries for service in specified armed forces.The proscription would cover publicity put out by recruiting agencies, as well as information in the mediaabout where the agencies could be found.The Committee's report defines as a mercenary any person who serves voluntarily and for pay in an armedforce other than that of the Queen: it makes no distinction between the soldier of conscience arid the soldierwhose motive ismoney.The Committee has rejected the idea of making it illegal to serve as a mercenary on the grounds that thiswould be a restriction of personal freedom which could only be justified by "the public interest".Jack Dromey, one of the two British members of the International Commission of Inquiry on Mercenarismset up by the Angolan Government,. has commented that the report appears to leave "dangerous loopholesin the proposed law, which will be exploited by the insti'gators and fienanmea of mercenarism".In Africa, a commentary on Nigerian radio said that althoughpeople of Britain and ough exchange visits. h Government has not these racists travelling Britain drummingup he white minorityune, the founder of the an White People's odgers, visited Britain isguised recruitingtripthe Committee's recommendations would bring about some improvement in the existing situation, they didnot go far enough.It stated that it was the "height of hypocrisy" for a Goverhment to claim that it had no power to prevent itscitizens from being recruited as mercenaries, and later-turn round to plead for leniency when its citizen was sentenced to imprisonment or death.In London, David Tomkins, an associate of British mercenary recruiter John Banks, predicted that theDiplock Committee's report, if implemented, would 'have virtually no effectwhich the authorities made no effort whatsoever to impede.Neither does any move appear to have been made to stop the National Front's Chairman John Tyndall fromtravelling to Rhodesia in August this year to raise funds for NF candidates in the next British generalelection, in return for sending out recruits for Smith.Meanwhile, the Smith regime has moved to stem the increasing flow of white emigrants from Rhodesia,many of them young people anxious to avoid the draft. (One of the successful draft-dodgers, ironicallyenough, is the son of the Rhodesian army's chief recruiting officer, Major Nicholas Lamprecht.)Two young white Rhodesians are known to have committed suicide rather than go to fight in the racist war.

During the first six months of thisyear. 7,070 whites left lhodesia while only 4,799 came in, a net loss of2,280. From now on the regime is intending to 'invite" would-be emigrants to give their reasons for leavingRhodesia, while young men who have registered for national service will not be-allowied to leave thecountry at all without officlal permission.

Page 6 Anti-Apartheid News September 1976'Bnutn a th fi a exrsso aTranskei independenceON October 26, when the are not a marginal experiment in groups, are pitied in Nationalist Anythreat to it must therefore appointed place and, stemmingTranskei becomes "indepen- social engineering, ore aception circles for their lack of e definite stemfrom barbarism, either of from this, a political policydent", the Nationalist Party's thought up tobaffleforeii policy. The result, they believe, the ancient-African, or modern- apartheid.Bantustan policy will hev - critics. They are the cntre- can oniy be a dangerous pragma- communistvariety. Nationalism, carried to itsentered a new and decisive piece of the whole policy of tism which will provide no basis Repressionis-a necessary ultimate pitch, and shaped byphase. What is this policy, separate development, the out- for white survival, weapon in theunending fight, racial absolutes, provides thecome and final expression-of the The basic problem facing the against barbarism and chaos. But answer.Proceeding from the how and why has it been apartheid philosophy. Nationalist Party is how toensure repression is not enough. It does assumption that there are manydeveloped, and what is its Practitioners of white supre- the maintenance of white domina- not justifywhite domination, or nations in South Africa, thesignificance? macy-like Smith and the Rhodesia tion. The assumption is that make itlegitimate. It is a means, Nationalists seek to give eachFor the Nationalist Party, Front-who lack a clearly worked white domination is a good thing, but what isthe end? A universal their rightful place. Who then which has ruled South Africa for out conception ofself-determina- so it is equated with Western civi- outlook is needed, a philosophy are the nations andwhat is their the past 28 years, the Bantustans tion for various ethnic/national isation, Christianity andprogress, in which everything has its place?'Homelands' are isolated, backward rural slumsF4RST there is the white nation,heir to Western civilisation andplanted in Africa as its custodian.Within the white nation thereisan elite, comprising the Afrikaner people ("yolk"), whosevery name underlines their claim to be in andof Africa. But for purposes of the grand design their superior position as a nation within thewlite nation is not emphasised; soas not to undermine white unity ,.,, by chauvinist divisiveness..The white nation, in the exercise of its role as trustee, exercisesexclusive political rights over the whole of South Africa on its own behalf, as well as that of its black"A senator wants to knowwhether the series of selfgoverning areas would besovereign. It stands toreason that White South Africa mustremain theirguardian... How couldsmall scattered states arise?The(se) areas will be economically dependent on theUnion. It stands to reason that when we talk of nativerights of self-government in these areas we cannotmean that we intend to cutlarge slices out of SouthAfrica and turn them intoindependent states."Prime Minister Dr D F Malay

in the Senate, May 1951wards. Hence the all-white peris5ment and all-white electorateBut this is a temporary phase,and after 300 years of civilisingwhite mission the whites are now beginning to lay down their heavyburden.In this paternalistic perspectivethe Transkei's independence represents a historic "breakthrough":the eldest son is growing up, and is now setting up in his own household, where the parents will have nodirect say.For the first time in South African history, white control is being ceded over a portion of the country andsome of its peoplesBy an unfortunate omission, this fact goes a long way tothe Coloureds (2.5 million) and explaining why it is thet there is the Indians ('millionl have no so pert of"white" South Africa place in this scheme, having no where the whites are not outrights in"white SouthAfrica" or numbered by blacks. any Bantustan of their own . In reality "white" SouthThis gross unfairness-separate - Africa is a myth, an ideal haven but definitely not -equal-is of whiteexclusiveness towardsNo recognition:In Parliament on July 28 Mr Ted Rowlands, Minister of State at the Foreign Office, said: "On presentevidence we do not think we should recognise Transkei." The OAU is unanimously opposed to recognition,Boycott the "independence" celebrations: Vorster's government is laying on allfsorts of PR and diplomaticfunctions both in South Africa and abroad to launch the Transkei on its way. Britain should not berepresented at any of these events either officially or unofficially.No foreign investment or "aid":The Transkei's chief ministers and diplomats, like South Africa's, are conctantly touring Europe andAmerican in search of foreign investment projects, "development aid", loans, educational grants-anythirigwhich will lend credibility to their existence and justify their claim to represent and serve the interests oftheir people. This legitimacy must be denied.-and this is being done voluntarily and, so the myth goes, by agree. ment of all concerned.Before we test this complacent. view of what is happening, we must record the fact that the white nation'sportion of South Africa happens to comprise 87 per cent of the total area of the country, and to, include allits major cities and towns, its mines and industries, its roads, railways, harbours and airports, in shorteverything that is developed in the economic sense.There are 10 Bantu (ie African) nations, totalling nearly 18 million people, against the 4.2 million whites,and they are allocated the remaining 13 per cent.JOIN THE ANTI-hAPARTHEIDNMOVEMENTNameAddressTelMinimum membership fee: £3; students/apprentices £2 Overseas: Surface mail/Europe £3; Airmail £6Affiliation: national organisations, £10; regional organisations, £5; local organisations, £3 Subscription toAA NEWS: UK and rest of Europe £1.75; Outside Europe, surface mail £1.75: airmail £3.75 AAM; 89Charlotte St., L6ndon WIP 2DO. Tel. 01-580-5311defended by distorting the history of the country. The areas now occupied by the whites are alleged to havebeen largely unoccupied when the whites arrived, the African reserves (the other 13 per centI are alleged tobe the areas traditionally occupied by Africans.Neither statement is true; and both gloss over two centuries of intermittent war which preceded the finalestablishment of white control in the late 19th century, which in turn was followed by the"Separate development is a fraudulent version of the Afrikaner experience. What makes it more so is that itis not negotiable: you either take it, or if you do not and try to question its moral premises, you run the riskof being branded a communist."Black Renaissance Convention,December 1974demarcation of land rights in 1913. Conquest not consent. was the basis of the division of land.

There is another ratifhalisation" of the gross discrepancy: all economic progress is attributed to the whites,backwardness to the blacks. On this basis, there is an apparent rough justice in giving the the whites amonopoly of the sources of South Africa's wealth.But this omits the vital contribution of black labour-without which white farms, mines and industries couldnever have been established. Black labour is the foundation of the economy, andAfrica it istrIudulent.The African people, having contributed enormously to the creation of a modern South Africa, regard thewhole country as their homeland. They do not want to"It might be better to give the Bantustans independence because then their citizens would work a lot harderin South Africa-to avoid being sent home."Prime Minister Vorster, as quoted by another MP inParliament, 1972be-retribalised-divided up into, competitive and mutually exclusive ethnic units.Not only is such a retrogressive gxercise socially impossible because of urbanisation, intermarriage and'thecomplete breakdown of the tribe as the basic framework of society. It is also politically dangerous toembark upon such a course.The African nation, which is the largest constituent of thewider South Africe which came into e: response to coloni in order to express African aspirationi place inthe comm nation and its unit troyed if the Banti is made the "final the race problem iiTranskeiequalityTHE Transkei's me march to independ to dispel a last ling about the dangerse of dismantling Afri andchannelling it parochial outlets. the African peoplewhich the whites aspire, in which black labour will be present but ablacks as human beings-with rights, hopes, fears, needs-will be conveniently absenl. It cannot ever beachieved, because black labour cannot be divorced from the totality of black life.Bantustans: cheaplabour reservesTHE Bantustans are the main REPUBLIC OFinstrument of this dehumanising SOUTH AFRICA process of keeping black labour available as thefoundation of Cape Province white wealth, while channeling all other dimensions of black life into aseparate sphere. They are highly fragmented reservations dotted around the periphery of thePortSt.Jeconomy, filling up the gaps between the industrial centres and the white farmlands.They are pegged to a size limit which was set in 1936 That limit was itself a modification ofIneanthe even tighter limit set by the whites back in 1912. The increase in the amount of land allocation Cl9kelto Africans was meant as compensation for the elimination of African franchise rights. This shows veryclearly the directly 1 k Apolitical implications of land allocation and the "native reserves" policy.Today., 40 years later, the Mecca invites M iss Tterm "native reserves" has fallen into disuse, although it still indi- MECCA Ltd, he London com has nowgone one cates best what the Bantustans pany L td, the "Miss t has acceptedare: isolated, backward rural pan i which presents the "Miss It has acceptedslums, serving as reservoirs of cheap World"competition and which the cranskei! "M cheap labour for"white South has previously fallen foul of will be chosen in Africa" . Today the vogue-word anti-apartheid activists for after independen is "homelands", and like so many inviting two South Africans(one October she will ci words policy in South black, one white) to Participate, for the "Miss Worlin November.

Anti-Apartheid News September 1976 Page 7a shamRhodia ca-a sha m THNE 'BANTU HOMELANDSiHOM ELAND PE P E B t w nn a i n1 Bpt h a t s w an T

d 2 Le o w a h o n o t3 Ndebele dblII NNUM RNKJ8N E4 6azankulu ShnJohn ne~burg wai n5 Venda Venda ". .4' '6Swazi "S". "". K"- imberley o .....711asthe- B " "QwqaBoemfontein "8 Kwazulu Zulu."10 Ciaskei .Xho1aPort Elizabtnation, and beenin any doubt that the policy been given its gini-abarniamenttenc as a was aimed at their further dis- - with a built-in majority of nomi- to be citizens of South Africa-intended by the South African tical rights, turns out on examine:onquest and Possession of rights in thecountry nated chiefs appointed and paid whether or not they actuallylv oenett ti h hss to ob nfrmvn oiiid realise as a whole, and at their !perpetu ! by Pretoria, so as to ensure that in the~ranskei (half do not),lv overyventg to tr ipm ho a ighs pseson tob n frmvnotsociety-thisa eqa ujgtodmocracy did not got out of regardless of whether they havewhtovrite nrecury lbainsjgtonobak'ii11 be des- hand. Control of roads, schools, ever been there, and irrespectiveexcetfoer ithe 2,00tire agentry witerai subuletis theacin blueprint "Matanzima must stop police stations, health, agricultu, of their wishes, exceptfor the 12,000 square agents of white rule: this is tbeation" of bluffing the people that ral and forestry plans etc has been Now, although citizenship formiles of the Transke of ni , aim and essence of the antustanoath Africa, after ineednethe gadit eovd rmwie bac ot fian a las despite a greatdeal of wriggling, Policy, and this is why it is soineedne gradually devolved from whitf black Soth Africans has always has had no choice (giventhe logic bitterly resented by the blackTranakei will be a non-racial administrators to hand-picked been a hollow fiction, it did atl atters tate. It will be a racial black successors; state corpora- least imply membership of the of hisposition as a collaborator) people, why it has always beena hiave gradually bgt p common society-even though the but to accept this. opposed by theliberation movestate with racial laws and toshvgrdaybogtu Cmonoce-eentogteThsaplywhhapasonment, and why it will ultimatelyyth security laws that have al- hite-owned businesses in the concomitant of membershi Thsta Polity which appears ontwgn, an t iready made South Africa reserves and leased or sold therp political rights, was denied, ButPublicised look like a police state to aspirant African entrepreneurs. Transkeian independence isI All this has brought into beinghas helped We hope the nations of the now elite, small but significantIg illusion world will join us in pillory-, dependent fOr its status andai poeso dnet elrite, sau sgcant, atanzima locks up all o p stnhis process ing this fraudulent and advantages either on its politicalnationalism bogus scheme which is acceptability to the white archi- leaders under) ethnic and designed to perpetuate sects of the whole design, or onmass of oppression of the Black its economic linkage and subordipeople by the Whites."nation to white capital.In such circles the illusion has IN 1960, when an armed peasant without trial. In the early ship of theopposition Democratic Mr H4 B Ncokazi, leader of the inevitably been fostered that uprising i odln nte ertosnsoPondoland and other years, thousands of Party. The DP which, under theoppositio crai Party working within the Banustan parts of the Transkei shook the people weredetained, and weight of repression, had fallen

oiin e moransi ary 976. fawork wa instentsta - authorities, special emergency Matanzima's rule couldinto the doldrums late last yearin the Transkei, February 1976, framewcrk was consistent with a legislation was rushed through only besustained by the threw out its older moderate(In Aegust Mr Ncorazi wst wider commitment to African amine the administratin total mostbrutal suppression of leadership and under newer,Sdetained under Proclamation 400 equality and emancipation i control over political life.40 0 ,) o uth frica as a h ole . C hief Pro cam t io 4 0 , p s e h nO p po sitio n . A s th is po licy yo u nger m en has b een vigo ro u slylon 400, Passed ten took effect, detentions fell opposing Transkelan indepenButhelezi is the best-known and still in force today, applies off. In tbe period 1964- danc and Matanzima's hypocriti.proponent of this view only to the Transkei. It enables 74 some 509 people were cal postures.Now over 15 of itsSBut the rapid implementation The Transkeian citizenship the authorities to:othe policy in the 19.70s, as part row and its outcome Inas cruelly detained. Many wereheld leaders are detained under Pro.of hepoic i te 970, s ar rw nditsoucoe ascrely prOhibit all public meetings for several months;vnaryclamation 400. Only one ofof the search Jor a neo-colonial shattered this dangerous mis- Prii all wic m er dde rIrt solution to South Africa's internal cneto Thouomofhe (permission for which hae, fewweerl mtrie. er demoto me n ly tonser hifIt coloial Prblem, aised few coceptio. The utcomeof the to be sought in advance)fwertid.hmmagdtoeisrhscolonials problem,t raised a fewel long and inflated debate between be I Now the Transkeiis preparing candidacy before the policefalse expectations as well as Matanzima and Pretoria was banish opponents of the for anothergeneral election-its arrived. Presumably he willtora asregime from one region to fourth-to confirm Matanztima'sgiving unprecedented openings for never in doubt, except in circlesstand whilst still in custody. Itthe inevitable handful of ambi- where this illusion still existed. another. At present, 26 position as thetop dog. Leaning isbecoming clear that indepntoes or corrupt blacks to feather It is that on October 26 the3% present are living in banish- nothing to chance, in July, a few dence" does nog mean freedom.their own nests, ment days before nominations closed,million Africans classified as * detaipelendfityHomeland after homeland has citizens of the Transkei will cease in People indefinitely he rounded upthe entire leaderTranskei: Basic facts and figuresAreastcotlaea.14,500 square miles divided into 3 separate fragments between Natal and Eastern Cape. A bitsmaller than Denmark; less than half the area ofMaeI Scotland,Population 1.7 million living in Transkei, 1.6 million living outside. Popularion density: 122 pnrs(uare mile (cf Lesotho, which is geographically similar: 63 persquare mile). Population density in South Africa as a whole, including all cities: 35 per square mile, OfTranskeian Xhosas, 46.5% are under 15 inage.Legislature 1963 - 64 nominated, 45 elected members; 1976 - 75 nominated, 75 elected members.(Nominated members are mostly chiefs and headmen,appointed by Pretoria.)Government Revenue from local sources (1974/5 - R9 million [14%)Grants and allocations from SA Government - R64 million (86%) Civil Service: 5,121 posts, of which over300 top posts are still held by white officials seconded from Pretoria. iskei Economy Majior citiesand towns, harbours, industrial centres, railway networks, mines - none. Capital - Umrtata.urther. Employment Under 50,000 in paid employment, of whom nearly half work for thegovernment, and only 4,050 work in manufacturing industry. 257,000

r-y from Transkeians work in "white South Africa". They contribute 70% of total "national'income.and Per capita income (Including the earnings of migrant labourers employed outside Transkei) -R175 a year.nn Total value agricalural ounpt (1972) R8.1 million- The Transkei has to import most of its food,including maize, the staple crop..nlvalue industrial Production (1970) R4 million,

Page B AntlApartneso News bepuemoer iua'UN Security Council condemns S AfricaSOUTH Africa was once agaiicondemned in a'resolutionpased overwhelmingly by thUN Security Council at thebeginning of August-this timfor ap attack on a Zambianvillage in which 24 peoplewerekilJed and 45 seriouslyinju red.The Council also demanded thzSooth Africa desist from using the international territory of Namibiaassa base for attacks againstZambia and other African countri.it coml ended Zambia and oth"frm-nt-line" States for supportingthe people of Namibia in their"legitimate struggle for the liberation of their country from illegaloccupation by the racist regime ofSouth Africa", The SecurityCouncil's meeting was the fourth time this year that it had met toconsider a resolution condemningSouth Afric.Zambia's Foreign Minister,Shake Mwle, told the Council thi on July 11 more than a platoon oSouth African troops, with airsupport, had attacked and bombeithe village of Staloa, which was about 30 km ilssidce the Zambiborder.He said thdt their target was atransat camp for SWAPO gerrillas The Foreign Minister said that the attack was the fourtenh hostileg ct carried out by South Africaagainst Zambia this year.The vote on the Security Coun,resolition was 14 in favour, withbne abstention-the US. US reprsenta iva Willia Scranton drewaftention to Secretary of StateIsrael sellsISRAEL is to sell two missilecorvettes to South Africa, followi Vorster's visit to the country lastApr il.The two countries are alsoplann ing further exchanges of toppersonnel to mplement the pactWhy no proteston black hangings

ABOUT those Angola executions white British mercenaries, and the tremendous fass kicked up by theMaudlings, the Callaghans and the Fords of this world-not to mentithe British press. To see howunbiased their attitude is. let's takan analogy.There is, as we know, a civil wibetween black and white inRhodesia, where there is no legal government in power. What Wou happen if black British mercenariwere recruited here and sent toRhodesia to fight the whitesLet's imagine nowthat thewhites win in Rhodesia and captu some of those black British merce aries, put them on open trial withBritis h counsel to represent them, and execute four of them. Immediately, of course, the entireBritish press, the B8C and ITV, atMessrs Maudling, Callaghan and Ford would erupt in fury, usingwords like "shocking" and"appalling", to describe the legal execution of black mercenaries bwhites.But wait a minute-something'wrong here.. For when Ian Smith Rhodesian courts illegally sentenc ,>b lc kno)otmercenary fighters todeath-end carried out ,the sentens despite rerI. ved n-sorm caes t, t lhir only lealhead of state, the,Kissinger's rfecnt interventions in the affairs of Southe rn Africa and said that although the USAdministrationraccepted that South Africa* ,e had no right to be in Naminiia andcondemned its incursion intoZambian territory, there shouldPRESIBENT Kdunda of Zambia has t said that there will be no furthermeetings between himself and PrimeMinister Vorster. /Asked in an interview in Lusakain August whether heand Vorster er would meet again, he stated: "No,Certainly never."He accused South Africa ofbeing directly responsible for the present crisis in Southern Africa, saying: "We know only too wellthat it is South Africa which is propping up the rebel regimeinZimbabwe-to-be."It is South Africa which has thepower to decide whether there should be peace in Naeibia."To white South Africans he said:"You have nowhere to go. With at epertheid you are sowing the seedsof your own destruction."have been ain investigation intothe incident, - "The British delegate, IvorRichard, said that the UK Government continued to believe thatpeaceful solutions were stillpossible in Southern Africa, butthat the more incidents there werelike Sialola, the-greater the obstacles wouldbe in the way of negotiation. 2i Commenting on SouthAfrica'sdenial of any knowledge of theattack, Madagascar's representative said that it must mean one of twothings: either South Africa had lostmissile boats tosigned during Vorster's stay. ng South Africa's Minister of

Labour and Mining, F Botha,visited Israel at the beginning ofAugust and the Israeli Ministers ofFinance and of Commerce andcontrol of its trops who were illegally in Na ibia, or such actions were so routine they no longer needed thegreen light from PretoriSinca the Security Council's con damnation of South Africa, Zambia's Home Affairs Minister, AaronMiner, has given details of a further incident in which a Zambian soldier was killed and another injured bySouth Afriean troops.He said that the South African soldiers attacked the village of Mambova, 320 km south west of 'Lusaka, onAugust 7.He went on to charge South Africa with daily violating Zambian airspace and planting landmines in theborder rgion between Zambia and Namibia, causing casualties among the villagers.Industry are scheduled to arrive in South Africa in September.Prime Minister Vorster sent a cable congratulating Israel on its raid on Uganda's Entebbe Airport in July.-TEROueen-did-we hear words like "shocking" and "appalling" from the Maudlinga, the Callughans and theFonds? Did the British press run hysterical h adlinesDid ourtelevision services give Olympicsstyle coverage?No, they didn't. So isn't it strange what a fantastic difference mere skin colour makes today not only to theBritish press's attitude in similar affairs, but also to the attitude of leading white politicians on both sides ofthe Atlantic? Innocent blacks, it seems, are expandable. Guilty whites are not. Yours sincerelyL ClarkeInvest in Britain- not South AfricaTHE apartheid system in South Africa, with all its political, social and economic evils, is maintained byBritons, often unknowingly or against their will,It is possible for the committed' few to take action on specific issues relating to South Africa, for instanceon the export of arms or machinery, or the import of fruit,However, it seems unlikely that issues specifically relating to South Africa will ever become primaryissues, like the Common Market. For the electorate as a whole the Soyith African issue needs ,t be relatedto an issue at home,The tpst obeipes one at themoment seems to be the issue of investment. Most people in Britain seem to agree that amidst the severalcauses of our economic malaise the lack of investment of the right kind is at the heart of the matter.We all know that in recent years there have been large quantities of money "floating" around-increase inmonetary supply, oil money; bank profits-yet little found its way into investment in manufacturing industryin this country. A considerable amount of what was left after property speculation found its way intoinfestment in South Africa, simply because there is a more profitable return on capital there as a result ofcheap labour.The central issue for both Britain and South Africa is to rationalisethe financial worldbanks, insurancecompanies, building soieties-and channel investment constructively.This is one issue which could attract the public imagination in general, particularly if it was ditinguishedfrom the general issue o nationalisation. Hopefully the South African issue would be brought to theforefront in a forth coming British election. It is perhaps the last chance for any meaningful peacefulchange, hefor more violent events overtak us, Yours sincerelyRobert CrosCall f6r oil boycott of France and IsraelEIGHTY five states-representing Algeria, Libya, Kuwait, Saudi half the world's population- Arabia,Qatar, Bahrein, Oman,endorsed a call for an oil boycott of Indonesia and Nigeria. Of theFrance and Israel because~f their world's major oil-producers, only role as suppliers of arms to South Iranand Venezuela are not memAfrica, at the summit meeting of bers of the non-aligned conference.non-aligned cdounties is Sri Lanka The declaration also called onin Augustv~ the UN Secusrity Council no impose

The conferenc adopted a nafdatpry arms embargo againstdeclaration which concleurin h South Africa,French Govneei recent nuclear Itwentonto deplore the way indal with South Africa and Israel's which cerainifWese tgpowerssale of missil equpped corvettes toFrance, West Germany, Britain and the South African Defence Force. the US-continue to glve "comfortAmong the oil-producing states and encouragement to the racistwhich endorsed the declaration regime'" by economic, militarywere the Arab Emirates, Iraq, and other collaboration.OAU threatens sanctionsagainst Western collaboratorsTHE OAU called on African states , In the wake of South Africa'sto take "strong measures" against continued acts of aggressiontransnationa companies which against Zambia and Angola, itactively collaborate with South declared that any act of aression* Africa, at its summit meeting in by the Vorster Govement againstMauritius at th~ebeginnintg of any-independent African State "isJuly. an act of aggression against theIn a resolution it deplored the whole of Africa"."deliberate policy" of some W et- In a special resolution on thee powers of "buttresaingand demonstrations and intensifiedarming the racist regime responsible repression in South Africa, thefor the recent massacres at Soweto OAU meeting hailed the demon.and elsewhere",. strators fortheir -courageousIn particular it accused France,- stand against overwhelming odds"West Germany, Britain and the US and affirmed that the onlyof having continued and stepped up effective guarantee against thetheir collaboration with the racist repetition ofthe massacres ths ri "par ' larl in the mi itary launchinaof tuasruggle "for'and nuclear fields'. the seizure of power by the people".It asked African and other non- 'It condemned Southaligned members of OPEC (Organi- Africa's Bantustan policy andsation of Petroleum Exporting called on member states to refrainCountries) to impose an effective from "any form of recognition ofoil embargo against South Africa. Bantustans and other apartheidThe meeting condemned South institutions in South Africa".World churches condemnTranskei 'independence'THE World Council of Churches has 250 demonstrators as "ruthless andurged Christians througenthe horrific".world to ask their governments not It said that the liberationistruggleto recognise the Transkei as an -had entered a crucial stage irindependent state and to campaign Namibia, Zimbabwe and in Southagainst indirect commercial reia- ,frica itself.tions with it The Committee announced thatAt a meeting of its Central a record grant of £330,000 was toCommittee in Geneva, the WdC be given to anti-racist organisationsdescribed South Africa's granting of around the world."independence" to the Transkei, The grants included £25,000 "scheduled for October 26, asa each to the African National Con"deceptive manoeuvre" aimed at gressand the Pan Africanist C-iconsolidating apartheid. gress, £42,500 to SWAPO. £42,500The sieeting's main resolution on to the Zimbabwean liberationSouthern Africa described the South movements, £2,500 to SACTU, and African police killing of around£5,000 to the British Anti-Apartheid Movement.Rocky Horror Show author saysno performances in South Africa

THE Rocky Horror Show, which refused to allow it tbe shown tohas been seen in New York and segregated audiences, and will notLondon, will not be seen in South consider the compronise offrica, though impresarios in occasional integrated audiences, forJohannesburg have negotiated for which permission might heve beenit. obtained.Richard O'Brien, the author, hasAFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOUTH AFRICAINTERNATIONAL BAZAAR Saturday October 2 11 am - 4 pm,Holborn Assembly RoomsJohn's Mews, off Northington St, LondonWC1Carvingis - beadwork - cakes and preserves - sideshows Spend a day helping to raise funds for theliberation movementANC,49 Rathbane Sir London W1, Tel 01-580 5303a.f

. r. age isSouth Africa takes 10 per cent of British overseas investmentHow UK investment shores upheaar heid economyBRITISH firms' direct invest- ors and to South Africa. For Africa. that foreign capitalnow'has South African and Britishmnents in South Africa now the investors it helps to keep For South Africa foreign control, in someform, of over workers.stand at over £750 million- up profit rates, assures access capital is a major component 80 per cant ofproductive The following article,out of a total foreign invest- to strategic raw materials and inthe private capitalist sector: capacity. -which is based on a paerment there of £3500 million, maintains markets. it has accountied for between On November 6the Anti- prepared for the conferenceThese are official figures which Almost every major British 6 and 20 per cant of total gross ApartheidMovement is plan- b Martin Legassick and Davidl almost certainly undnerstat e o-and Amoeric A canyhas capital formation there in ning to hold a conference in Hemgoniis intended as a first amountsinvolved, one or more South African recent years. London which will examinecontribution to a discussion ofThis investment is important subsidiary. Altogether around Its share of private capital the issues at stakeand show the questions involved. both to British, US and West- 10 per cent of British overseas formationis much greater:, hoW Britain's investment in ern European capitalist invest- direct investment is in Southsome estimates have calculated South Africa affects bothBritish companies 'refuse to negotiate with African. workersFOREIGN capital plays a vital political role in maintaining racial domination in'South Africa. South Africais both a capitalist state and a racialist state, and its system of apartheid is integral to the South Africanform of capitalism.Since the early 1960s, at the request of the South African liberation movement, an increasingly successfulcampaign has been waged for disenagement of the Western powers from South Africa, the withdrawal offoreign investment, and the islation of the South African regime from the world community.In Britain this campaign has been spearheaded by the AntiApartheid Mgovemnt, with the support of theBritish Labour Movement, students and others opposed to apartheid.The Labour Party is committed to a policy of disengagement from South Africa-a policy which the presentLabour Government has signaily failed to implement.Capitalist institutions in Britain, the US and Western Europe have worked hard to give themselves adifferent image. First they put forward the theory that economic growth and increased industfrialisationwould dissolve racial discrimination. No need for struggla, no need for anti-apartheid campaigns-continuedcapitalist accumulation would do it all automatically.

But then they got three severe shocks. The first was symbolised by the Polaroid Revolutionary WorkersMovement in the US in 1970. Polaroid workers demanded that the corporation should completely pull outof South Africa, should make a public statement condemqig apartheid and shouldturn over some of its South African profits to the liheation movement. This was only one of a series offorms of directactionwhich have been taken by'British; US and other workers in solidarity with theirfellows in South Africa.The second shock mes th eresurgepca of autonomous working class action in South Africa.The third shock was the success of the liberation movements in * Guinea-Bissau, Moambique and Angola.Sese snoces nave ledto the emergence of some new'capitalist myths. Given the meticulous documentationof the sub-starvation level of wages being paid to black" workers and their appalling working and livingconditions, it was difficult to argue that economic growth had done much to alleviate their situation. In1971 a report in the Times showed that between I1956 and 1970 a 61 per cent rise in African income hadbeen more than offset by a 20 per cent growth in inflation and an over 40 per cent increase in population; ina period of massive economic expansion, per capita African income had fallen.The new wisdon is that foreign capital may not automatically destroyracialism, but that it can at least beencouraged to create satiefactory conditions for its employeesThe Labour Government issued aLeyland workers to blackBRITISH Leyland's national shop stewards' combine committee is to black vehicle parts for South Africa ifthe company continues to refuse to recognise the Metal and Allied. Workers Union as the representalle ofits black employees in South Africa.After a meeting of the committee in Birmingham on August 11, its Chairman, Derek Robinson, said: "ifBritish Leyland refuses these basic trade union rights with no victimisation,, wa shall take action.",He said that a three-point course of action had been adopted:a the blacking of knockeddown vehicles-ie vehicles shipped in parts andtaiasseessised-and giber workeintended for South Africaa the carrying of the campaignback to the shop floor by keeping all affiliated shopstewards' committeesinformed of developmentsa the carrying of the campaigninto the broad labour move,ment by urling all union members to take it up intheir trade union branches and Constituency LabourParties.Thecombine committee is made up of around 200 senior shop stewards representineover 100,000 workersin British Leyland's 80 car plants in Britain, British Leyfand's exporlto ,South Africa include J-sndiWnillset of guidelines for British foreign investors, which argued that "it is in the national interest and in theinterest of the firms concerned that .they should be seen to be following " enlightened policies for thewelfare of their African workers".Subsequently some substantial publicity was given to wage rises implemented by a number of companiesWhose employment- practices had been most glaringly exposed, but since that time there 'has been a virtual blackout ofinformation in the mass media.Current Labour Government policy on South Africa encourages British companies to adopt "pro gressive"policies ina number of 'areas, and argues in particular that: "The ability to pay basic wages above therelevant PlL now, at least to all adult maleaemployees, should be regarded as one of the minimumconditions for maintaining or establishing a buiness interest in South Africa."This argument is to be rejected 'for several reesons. Firstly it is wrong to focuirattention on the concept of aPoverty DaturLine, or other measurements such as the Minimum Effective Level. The use of-uchbenchmarks invites companies, and the public, to regard the payment of wages at this level as a sufficientminimum rather than a necessary minimum.parts for SA

such as those used by polie against demonstratons in the last three months. The corporation has refused tohaveany dealings with the Metal and Allied Workers Union in spite of the fact that it has near 100 per centmembership in at least one of Leytand's three South African plants-that at Mobeni near Durban.A document setting out the facts of British Leyland's har sment of its black workers in South Africa,"British Leyland and the Metal and Allied Workers Union of South Africa: Memo to the British LabourMovement", is available, price 1Op plus stamp, from the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte Street,London WIP2DQ.On the question of African trade unions, the Labour Government's guidelines state only: "In the absence ofAfrican membership of trade unions it is advisable to establish, or continue with, effective workscommittees of African emplqyees as a means of consultation, communication, and training in industrialrelation . . Practices which hinder developmert of African unions should be dvoided . .The lawfuldevelopment of collective-bargaining with African employees should be encouraged-" What has in facthappened?Only one Britishrcompany, a textiles firm, Smith and Nephew Ltd, is known to have agreed to engage incollectied bargaining with an African or open union-and this under very exceptional Circumstances.Britislhfirmnsfar from "encouragiig" African trade unions, have gone out of their way to harass, hinder andprevent their operation in factories.Indeed, the pressure to deal with wage levels, which had been the main form in which British Governmentand public pressure has been exerted on British companies, has actually worked positivelyagainst union recognition.Such wage increases as British firrm have granted havegenerally been made conditiOnal on loyalty to thefirm, and willingness by workers not to push for trade uniom. One firm in the garment industry inlJohannesburg actually made the higher wages and wideranging benefits offered to African workersspecifically conditional on their acceptance of a~liaison "committee and their resignation from a union.The response of companies to the combined pressures of strikes by black workers, the-international anti-apartheid movement and the victory of progressive movements in the former Portuguese colonies has beento tryto refocus attentiot away from the structure of racial capitalism in South Africa nd the deprivation ofbasic buman rights into a concern for welfare reforms.Together with the Bantustan system, the new attempt at paternalistic management control is the mostpowerful element cutrently in the Teprodustion of racial capitalism in South Africa by foreign capital andthe South African state.SACTU to hold meeting to mark African mineworkerg strike-A PUBLIC meeting to commemo rate the thirtieth anniversary of the 1946 black mineworkers strike inSouth Africa will take place on September 16 at 7 pm in the Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, London WC1.Themeetingis being organised by SACTU (South African Cogress of Trade Unions).During the strike over 100,000 African mineworkerk defiedarmed police and refused to work insupport of their demands for a living wage. The strike was only broken after hundreds had been shot deadby police.The speakers at the meeting vill be Lawrence Daly, NUM General Secretary, Dave Bowman, President ofthe NUR, Kenneth Morgan, General Secretary of the NUJ, and Zola Zeme of SACTU. It will be chaired bySACTUs General Secretary, John Gaetsewe.SOUTHERN AFRICA AND THE BRITISH LABOUR MOVEMENTOne Day ConferenceNovember 6 1976 -" 10.45am- 5.30 pm Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, London WCiSpeakers will include: John Gaetsewe, General Secretary of SACTU, Ruth First, John Forrester, AUEWITASS), Tim Webb (ASTMS), John Miller (TGWU) and Abdul Minty, Hon Secretary AAM.The conference will be opened by the Presidentof the ILO, Michael O'Leary.The conference will consider the role of the multinationals Britain and the apartheid economy, andsolidarity action'that can be taken in this country.Open to delegates from trade union breanches, CLPs, shop stewards committees and other labourmovement organisations. Further details and registration form from Chris Child, Conference Organiser.Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St, London Wl. Tel 01-5805111. -

REVIEWS"Forbidden Pastures-Education Bantu) in the European community yourself methods, building theiruseful ammunition for anti- Rhodesia; the intensification of the

under Apartheid" by Freda Troup. above the level of certain forms of own schools, paying for teachers,apartheidcampaigne . armqdstruggle in that coustry; andPublisbed by International Defence labour.. Until now he has been school books and equipment out ofThe sub-title greatly understates finally, riots in South Africa itself,and Aid Fund, 6Op. subject to a school system which their own pockets, and the children thescope of the book. It contains reflecting the growing militancyEDUCATION in South Africa is in drew him away from his own are expected to help with thedetailed analyses of independent and salf-confidence of the blackthe neWs. This well-written, well community and misled him by cleaning and maintenance of schoolAfrican states' economic relations majority in the very heartland ofillustrated and well-presented paper showing him the green pastures of buildings in the tradition ofDickens' with and political policies towards white supremacy.back arrived on my desk at the same European society in which he is DotheboysIlHll. The proportion ofthe white-ruled South; the suppor These events all reinforce the time as the news of the Soweto notallowed to graze." teachers privately paid by paren s tine role of the Western powers; the author'sconclusion that "just askillings, and before Ihad finished The Bantu Education Act rose from 6.4 Per cant in 1961 to - socialand economicforceswhich FRELIMO said to the new Portu.its 72 pages the South African brought the African schools and 17.2 per cant in 1968. In 1970 thebroughtabout the overthrow of the guese regime that independence wasGovernment had announced an teacher training colleges under the state spent 1 6timesas much onCaetano regime andthe colapse of not. negotiable; and asthe Rhodesianapparent climb down over the issue control of'the central government school books for white children asPortuguese power in Africa; and the nationalist leaders have said to which has enraged sO many Africanand introduced a system of registra- it did for Africans. development of the liberation Smith thatmajority rule is notpeople-the use of Afrikaans as the tion for the mission schools. Its There is a ghastly picture of strugglesin the former Portuguese negotiable; so too the time ismain teaching medium in Black main effect was a steady decline in many schools which are grosslyterritories, in Rhodesia and Namibia. comingwhen South Africa's blackschools. , the amount spent by the Govern- overcrowded, insanitary and under- - GuyArnold shows how vitally majority will say to the whiteThis study of education in South ment on African pupils-from R17 equipped; in the words of animportant for South Africa are the minority that equality-in allAfrica is a cool, factual survey of in 1953/54 to R 11Y in 1962/63. African: "small dark hovels, withWestern ecosomic links.. During respects throughoutthe Republicthe history of education in South. In theyear 1969/70, the figures small or no windows, without the years 1946-55, overseas capital is notnegotiable. When they do, Africa, crammed with information for unit cost per pupil were: enough desksor chairs, congested was responsible for some 23 per the whites must concede or fight.and very full quotations. Unit cost with hungry dozing pupils sitting cent of totalcapital formation in In terms of their history, it seemsThe Nationalist Government took (rands) on the floor." South Africa. Theinflow of inconceivable that the whites willpower in 1948 pledged toimple- , Whites 282 Anyone who wishes to under- foreigncapital came to a halt concede power; in terms ofment the extreie Calvinist philoso- ' Coloureds 73 standthe long-term causesof the during andimmediately after developments in the mid-1970s, itphy of Christian National Education. Indians 81 Soweto explosion should read theSharpeville; but then rose steadily seems probable that the fight will"Christian" meant the Afrikaner ' Africans 17 section on the major issue of which from £93million per year in 1965- start at the beginning of the 1 80s,".churches; nationalist meant your There is something familiar language should be used in schools. 67to £328 million in 1970. We might add that the intensityown country and your own mother- about the way a reactionary regime It is ironic that while internationalNinety-three per cent of this capital and duration of that fight and the tongue. It is interesting that one ofgoes about its task of holding buck a educationists tend to favour comes from NATO countries and kind

of society which will emerge th central aims of CNE was that subject race-the old weapons of mother-tongue teaching for progres- half of it is British. This vast in the aftermath, 'will depend to a Africaneducation was to be in money, language and the law are sive reasons, the South African economicstake in the apartheid great extent on the attitudes andtribal languages and bilingualism used to give just so much instruc- Government has imposed andRepublic has resulted in the Western actions of the Western powers.was not to be encouraged. tion, and no more. Africanspay perpetuated it as a means ofpowersgiving South Africa muchA Christian National manifesto for their sub-standard education, repression and a reinforcement ofneeded diplomatic support in the PeterJonespublised in 1948-stated the prin- The South African Government apartheid. The fact is that manyUnited Nations. Establishing People's Power to Seciples 6f non-equality and segrege- has hit on a cunning method of dis- vital technical and educational Incosidaering Britain's economic the M esh, by Samora Machal,lion: "Owiog to the cultural couraging the demand for education books are only available in English.Iinks, the author shows that Published by the Toronto Commit.infancy of the native, the state, in - among an underdeveloped commo' The Africans opposed mother-Britainis much lessdependanton tee for the Liberation of Southerncooperation with the protestant nity by laying down that in African tongue education under the BantuSouth Africa than South Africa is Africa.churches, should at present provide housing areas the primary schools Education Act, ahd when they hadon Britain. Britain t'akes one-third THIS valuable and interesting pamnative education. But the native arepaid for by additions to the a choice they chose English of South Africa's exports but we phlet isSamoraMachei's state entshould be fitted to undertake his rent. This is where Soweto comes f isparticulrlyi[pesiethsy dfour our of FRELIMQ's approach to theIt s prtculrlyimresivetht sndonly forper centoi u problems of recousetruction. It weeown education as soon as possible, in. In spiteof the recat publicity in spt6 of all the caiefulIy erectedexportstothatcountry. Guy first written in 1974, whenunder control and guidance from I had not realised that Soweto isa barners to enlightenment in tArnold alto provides figures which FRELIMO was newly victorioes inthestate " city within the city of Johannesburg, system the policy has failed in its show thegrowing felative irnpor- the war, a successful and matureDr Verwoerd, then Minister for with 750,000 inhabitants living in one real elm, which was to securetance of British trade with and Organisation, already experienced in Native Affairs, said in the 1953 itsmiles of low-cost housing, By the Africans' acquiescence in their investment in independent black thereorganisation of liberated areas:debate on the Bantu Education Act: 1972 heads of families in Soweto imposed inferiority. The blackAfrica. the English translation has only"People who believe in equality are were contributing 38 cents a month student organisations, like theThe author describes the growth now become available.not desirable teachers for natives." through the rent for primary school South African Students' Organisa-of South Af.ica's military power. . In the pamphlet, Samora Machel The following year he spelled it out:building. tion, many of whose leaders have Rightly, we focus attention on the is concernedchiefly with discussing"There is no place for him [the African parents are used to do-it been jailed, are active and progres-issue of arms supply and attack mornan sation of the liberation- sive. loopholes in the arms embargo.- the mass of the people. He proceedsMy Union, the National Union What we often ignore, however, is from the premise that the liberationhere N o Seed of Teahrs, ssold its shares in how Britain, through Ciinvest- movement must provide politicald firms with South African interests ment in munitions factories indirection during the period ofand was one of the first to protest South Africa, has enhanced the reconstruction, and give initiatives, Bore F rit B efore publicly at theSoweto killings, military self-sufficiency.ofbut stresses that it epyst rely on the

B " - This book will help all educationists Vorster's Republic.democratic participation of theIn an authorised ghetto the saratens encircle 'to understand the evils of apartheid. Theimportance of African people at every stage.well-known as Soweo armoured hides Hrtainly,The soldiers of FRELIMO couldmine-dust blots greased ande g Heiry Clother strikes is emphassed, Ceraily not have won the war without theThone effective strike is probably active cooperation of the Mozambia million dreams;sabre horns The st r Ar eort on worth dozens of Guardian expo- can p e, and itSeems thatparticles keen to dismember White South Africa Today, by sures, meetings ofa Parliamentary FRELIMO intends this relationshipwhich clung to gold And blood raced buarnod, Puls. y Select Committee orconducted to persist in the building of the newdefacettours ofthnaive TUC bureaucratssociety. 'All this requires, Machaldeaetesnwhere no water ran before THIS book is of immense value as tora fneTCbueurt.Sceyundermine the eyeT a The use by African workers ofsays, continual discussion betweenmake sweat speak The enraged and undernourished recent, comprehensive assessment theirindustrial power will surely cadreand cadre and between cadresof idle metal; stand their ground of the situation in Southern Africa. baa majorelement in the coming and people outsidethe Organisatlon;shade is nowhere stave off the metal herd It is orammed full of facts andpolitical aims mustbe explainedshadows dimly seen with fragile crack of wood figures which constitute extremely Therapidly developing situation makeso te pcot e t o.' life and ex~pectation and rebounded stone off stel "lpf . ThapdyevlinstuioedUneodndoent Omistakes of the past must belifear and y exectaion; and reboundedstin Southern Africa has resulted inadmitted,appear only-s illusion; And blood raced 300k)PI& this book beingovertaken by events. Such a policy can -oly result isachained to the sky where no water ran before Since it was written wehave seen the steady heightening of political contheled horizon 0Ar victory of the Angolan MPLA, with sciousness and understandinglhudder through An orgy of goring sand or. Soviet and Cuban support,over the throughout the country.,unholy alliance of Western imperial- Jean MiddletonStaggering this haze 41and blood raced 1s, Angolan reactionaries end theThe pamphlet is available from thelike an animated oasis where no water ran before W ' armed forces of theapartheid state; Mo abique Inforoation Centre,a light bri ade opened craters in rebel children the collapse of detente; theclosing 12 Little Newport Street, Londonof freedom's apprentices and blood rac e by Mozambique of itsborder with MCI, at about 75p,* --ll eas n raid fre-where no water ran beforeatvaees onth rspedy firopened canyons in bold mothers " JC"VEJSTCEadeances with steady isnk mines in proud fathers OBJECTIVE:JUSTICEbt roin st emptied their histories '0 1Quarterly Review published by the UNOffice

throwing fists idinto ditches and dongas v of Public Informationcovering action againstdeclaimking banners and blood raced n bfr T apartheid, racialdiscrimination and colonialismdeclaimitrnagbeor - THE ANC DEMANDS THE V\ NO 1,Srn 96isuiicue:no slaves to afrikaans and blood rated RELEASE OF SOUTHAPRCA Vol8 No 1, Spring 1976 iARse, incldes:(or to any usurper POLITICAL PRISONERS Namibia andHuman Rightsfor that matter) where no water ran before .. .rwvaN90NscorGSS The SouthAfrican Bantustn Programme:And seeds take root ° 49R rNEerTLOOWiua. Its Domestic and InternationalImplicationsA bite at the tongue where so wed bore fruit before Poster asailable from ANC, "Available from AAM, 89 Charlotte Stof the tyrant Ba Fi4 RathbonafitLondon W1. london W1, pricedp (mci p iith sh riek and roar " . . rr Fei. r "" 5 . R afh o 8t ,' onS WI .. o n n r

ACTNu-NruTOA Nnws INTerNsemON L"ACTION-.NTINL AD ITNTOALBritainNUS-AAM,COUNT -action to stop the SouthAfrican authorities carrying out their plan to recruit teachers in Britain was one of the campaigningpriorities defided on at the national students conference on Southern Africa held in Sheffield, July 9-11.The conference was organised jointly by the NUS and the AntiAp4a thejd Movemnent and was attended byover 130 delegates.It decided to continue topress university and college autho. rities to disinvest from companies involved in Southern Africa, and tocampaign for a boycott of South African product§ in bars and refectorles.It also stressed the importance of action to make the Government enforce the arms embargo against SouthAfrica, and of raising funds for the Southern African liberation movementsAmong the speakers at theconference wre Frank Hooley MP, AAM Hon Secretary Abdul Minty, Dulcie September, Aziz Pahed ofthe African National Congress, Zimbabwean Johnson Ndhilovu,and Hans Beukes of SWAPO.Wmen's DaySOUTH Africa Women's Day, August 9, was the 20th anniversary osf the historic march on the UnionBuildings, Pretoria, when 20,000 women camne to demnad an end to the pass laws in 1956.The African National Congress Women's Committee marked the occasion in London with a meeting addpoetry reading and the singing of freedom songs at the Conway Hall on Sunday August 8.Speeches by Joyce Sikakane and Sonia Bunting dealt with Soweto (graphically illustrated by pictureswhich Joyce had drawn for the occasion) and with the importance of international solidarity for the armedstruggle ad the overthrow of the apartheid regime. The Mayibuye Group of the African National Congressread oems and led the singing.SurreySURIREY AAM held a public meeting in Guildford in August on the new situation in Southern Africa.The speaker was Abdul Bham of the African National Congress of South Africa.Over 2,500 leaflets have been distributed house-to-house in Croydon, and sales of AA News . have beenorganised in other places.The Movement sent a questionnaire to all candidates in a recent by-election in Croydon, asking them theirviews on Southern Africa. As a result it issued an appeal to voters to vote against the National Front andNational Party.

Surrey AAM's AGM will be held in Redhill on September 27,at 8 pm. AAM members living in a part ofSurreyor south west London not part of a Surrey AAM branch are entitled to attentio their own right. Forcredentials, apply to Chris Godbold. Tel 01-681 0832,Party Tribune Group, Fareham Young Liberals and PortsmouthYoung Socialists.AAM supporters in the area are asked to contact: Margaret Jeavons, Secretary, Gosport & Portsmouth AA,85 Harbour Tower, Trinitmyl Green, Gospelrt , Hants P0.2 Il, Tel Gosport 85439,UEAUNIVERSITY of East Anglia Afro Society will hold a conference on racism, imperialism and apartheid inSouthern Africa, October 29-31. It is being organised in conjunction with UEA Students Union. Furtherdetails: Students Union, University of East Anglia, Norwich.CamdenCAMDEN Anti-Apartheid Group will hold a discussion groqp meeting on September 10 at 8pm t theQuaker Meeting House, Lower Hall, Heath Street, London NW3. Dan O'Mara will introduce the discussionwith a short talk on the rise of capitalism and oppression in South Africa. This is the first of a monthlyseries of discussions. Further details: 794 345.BristolBRISTOL Trades Council has written to the Secretary of State for Energ7, Tony Been, asking him to stopthe import of uranium from Namibia. A resolbtion passed by the Trades Council calls upon the TUC and alltrade unionists to support the call for such a ban. I Bristol Anti-Apartheid Group hasalso complained to the BBC about its failure to report a meeting addressed by the Rt Revd Colin Winter,Bishop of Damaraland (Namibia) in June, when it gave full coverage to Gloucestershire Rugby Club's tourof Rhodesia.Contact: Ron Press, 310 Ashley Down Road, Bristol BS7 913Q.HaringeyHARINGEY Anti-Apartheid Group is organising two public meetings on the struggle in South Africa andthe lessons of the Soweto demonstrations and massacre, on Wednesday September Sat 8 Pm at 30Tollingfon Park, N4 (for Crouch Endand Hornsey airea); and on Mon y September .13 at 8 pm at 25Wiedermere Road, N10 (for Muswell. Hill). There will be speakers from the ANCat both meetings.On Wednesday October 13, the Group is planning a Public Meeting on Britain's role in Southern Africa, inthe Small Hall, Hornsey Town Hall, Crouch End Broadway, NB.Contact: Margaret Ling (348 6657) or Wolfie Kodesh (883 0643).Hackney NUTTHE banner ofthe Hackney branch of the NUT was present at a picket outside South Africa House duringthe evening rush hour on the Monday after the first Soweto shoptirgs. Those picketing were some Hackneyteachers who had been uniable to get to the lunchtime pickets.West LondonJOs .port WEST London Anti-ApartheidGroup is to hold a meeting and filmGOSPORT and Portsmouth Anti- show on Namibia on Monday SeptApartheid Group have been sending, elnber 20 at 8 pm at the Westway speakers on the situation in South LuncheonClup (next to Ladbrokearrn Africa to other local otaos'a- G r teibeiN1O. The'speakerwill I )g--ut' "4)g i'g'ss r ,. eIpe'w1.~eseepaerwill -Katjfvivi and there will be a showingof the newfllm about Namibia "IfThey Catch Me-I Won't Cry".The Groupwill hold its nextmonthly fundraising stall in thePortobello Road tMarket on Satuday September 25. Helpers andsale'able bric-a-bsrac welcome.eC otact: Betty Nor.h , 1F- Ennc;isgoe-6adfns, London SW7, .-e' 589 6243 (evenings) or580 5311 (day).AAM BenefitOVER £100 was raised for the AntiApartheid Movement at a Benefit ar the 100 Club in London on July25.

The evening featured poetry byJohn Matsfsikiza, Lingam Moodleyand Lewis Nkosi, Drum Cal/byLan Williams, and music byJabul. "CanadaToronto ANCTHE Toronto Committee of theAfrican National Congress of South Africa held a South African evening to mark South Africa Freedompay;*'lune 26. There were readings from South Afrilan writers, a choir sang freedom songs, and "Last Grave atDimbaza" was shown.DenmarkSA coalDANISH trade unionists have threatened industrial action if power companies in Denmarkdecide to buy South African coal.The companies recently took delivery of samples of-SouthAfrican coal, together with samplesfrom Australia and Poland, whichis Denmark's current largestsupplier.The trade unioets have beenbacked by Communist membersof the Danish Parliament who havecalled on the Government to stopall coal imports from South Africa.Irelandin clde the General Secretary of the Irish Transport & General Workers Union, Michael Mullen; theGeneral Secretary of the WUI, Denis Larkin; Brid Horan of ASTMS; and John Guetswe, General Secretaryof SACTU ISouth African Congress of Trade Unions).There will be a showing of the film Last Grave at Dimbaza and a photographic exhibition.The ANC's cultural unit, Mayibuye, were the principal artists at a concert organised by the Movement tomark South Africa Freedom Day, June 26.It mounted a week-long photographic exhibition which was opened on June 27 by the Pretident of theInternational Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, Caoon L John Collins.Irish AAM also held a-picket outside tle West German Embassy in Dublin to protest against Prime MinisterVorster's visit to West Germany in June.An important meeting for Irish AAM members and affiliated organisations will be held on FridaySeptember 10 at8 pm at Power's Hotel, Dublin, to enable members to discuss the new situation in SouthAfrica and to plan a coordinated campaign for the. autumn.Irish AAM, 20 Beechpark Road, Foxrock, Co Dublin, Tel Dublin 895035.SwedenArms banSWEDEN's Prime Minister Olof Palme urged European Social Democrats to work for a binding UNresolution prohibiting all exports of arms to South Africa, in an address to the Swedish Association ofChristian Social Democrats' Congress held in August,He said that Social Democrats should alsosupport the liberation movements and the already autonomous states ofSouthern Africa in theirstruggle for "nlational independence and economicemancipation"conduct an "effective policy"cosider seriously the question of company representa tion and new investments inSooth Africa.Hilary MitchellON August 15 the Anti-Apartheid Movement lost, prematurely, one 1of its unsung heroines who ad beenthe backbone of the Manchester branch for years until she was overtaken by ill health just before moving to

Oxford 3 years ago. Hilary Flegg Mitchell was a medical sociologist, a feminist, a socialist, a friend to thepeople of Vietnam and many other things, but her first commitment was always to the peoples of SouthernAfrica.She was not seen only on platforms, or at national conferentes, but she was also there when jumnble was tobe collected, enielopes filled, leaflets given out and all the humdrum jobs of grassroots organisation done.Because of her imposing presence, tall and dignified, she was often pressed, rather reluctantly, into anotherrole-that ofone apparent member of tihe establishment seeking support from another, be it churchman,councillor or university official, on some matter concerned with sponsorship, investment or whatever-ofcourse,concerned with Southern Africa. And she was very successful at it'In the highlight event of recent years in Manchester, the Free Trade Hall meeting eddretsed by AmilcarCabral, Hilary played a major part in orgasniing the smooth running of things and ensuring the comfort andrefreshment of the speakers and guests.Hilary died from a mesothalcoma, a tumour due to asbestos to which she was briefly exposed as a child inBotswana. In spite of her suffering in recent years, we had all hoped she would live to see the end ofapartheid. She didn't, but she did see what we hope js the beginning of the end. Shewill still be rememberedwithrpride and affection by the many she has inspired and encouraged to take Part in the struggleJoyce LeesonSolly SachsM eeting f isolation and sanctions- SOLLY Sachs, veteran fighteragainst Sduth Africa at the against apartheid, was remeIbered THE Irish Anti Apartheid Move- UNby friends and felownworkers at amentis o hld cofernce or orkat he UNmemorial,gathering heldljn Goldess wenit is to hold a onference forwork at the UN for an inten- Green, London, shortly after histrade unionists on Saturday sification of sanctions and for death in July.September 25 at 20 Parnell Square, their full implementation Sam Kahn-paid tribute to hisDublin. against Rhodesia long years of work, in South AfricaIreland's Minister for Labour, work to bring about an end to and Britain, for the rights of allDeputy Michael O'Leary, who is South Africa's illegal occupa- workers, regardless of race, andalso President of the ILO, will tion Of Namibia and give full Bob Hughes MP spoke on behalf ofopen the conference. Speakers support to SWAPO the Anti-Apartheid Movement.Southern Africa and the British Worker T-shirts & Sweater shirtsPublic Meeting for delegates to the TUC A/A symbol with slogan:'Tuesday 7 September 6.00 pri - The Art School, Brighton "for freedom in southern africa"Polytechnic T-shirts (blue or white) f 1.25Main Speaker: John Gaetsewe, General Secretary, SACTU each-available nowSweater shirts (various colours)£2.50 eacharvailable end SeptAnti-Apartheid MovementANNUAL GENE'RAL MEETINGSunday October 24- 10am- 5,30 pmNUFTO Hall, 14 Jockeys Fields London WC1, (off Theobalds Rd).All members of the Anti-Apartheid Movement are urged to attend this important meeting,which will be addressed by the Rt Revd Trevor Huddleston, Bishop of Stepney and AAMVice President. Closing date for resolutions and for nominations to the National Commmit- | tee:18,September . - I I ,NB: The AGM iopen, only to members-of the AAM,Anti-Apartheid Mo..eilt, 89 Charlotte "it,'r;London'W P 20)Q, Tel 01 -580 5311. v,: . ' 4-

Africans act a~yainstNZtu.et New Lealan(l iOUSe In protest against the Al ulaCK$ tour Or souts ATrca on jury zIre oy -ornng araras ALL the major African sporting countries walked out of the Ial Olympics in July in an impressive display of their determination to show that sportsmen cannot play against racist South | that African teams with impunity. PETERHAIN describes thewith backgoundfto the boycott and calls for greater vigilance in

the fight for the total isolation of segregated South African nof Asport.111-1-11a, South Africa rugby tour to Newed: international Zealand.hs little ternative Despite t Zealandfuture harmony teen ca with aand by the poisonous head* ntbatmantl t rejne of white South Africa. aged by their avernent,which templts were maeto ismear thehad adtan open plicy ofAma h spiso" of th ecuaing racistsports tours. is an to e thoa the The reel "spoilsports" at Montrealn at ethig were the New Zealanders, togetherN Zan'r gby - with the International 01 ympic tAfrca . ruaby tour- Committee which procrastinatedaA te accsa- while Africa fume . ".SbAyined the back- The current New Zealand GovernAfrican boycttri ment under its Prime Minister'avey vee o Robert Muldoon, was elected in late:hvethreatenedto 1975with one of its main electioneith anarthdsps w planks to "save" the 1976 rugbyith apatheid sports tour. Muldoon characterised theiAAM members mill reeal Halt All Racist Tours (HART)anda' tireasupported b c campaign as "bordering on treason" raw from the Edinburgh and proceeded toignore all ther aothGaes dinurgh evidenae of a mounting African thealrh Games itn 1970. threat to boycottMontreal if theithe Springbo.k tricket tour rubtowntaed Mceled, was a deisive rugby tour'wnt ahead.inthe event ual stopping In Marchthis year, AbrahamAt tour. a Ordia, President of the SJpremein, ir 1Council for Sportin Africa and a i in 1973, Afrioua s threat, longstanding fighter against racist dltedthrough the Supreme sport, warned New Zealanders of fr Sport in Africa to palln the boycott intention.This was fhGm Clristchua h Com n- repreated in the months that h Oamas wss cracietin the followed.Yet when (rdiaisited Ilation of the 1973 white NewZealand in May he was publicAAM Meeting atLabour Party Conference, BlackpoolSouthern Africa' in CrisisMonday 27 September - 5.45 pmMethodist Church HallRaikes Parade BlackpoolSpeakers include Joan Lestoi MPJohn Forrester (AUEW-TASS)S- Abdul S MintyChairman: Bob Hughes-MPAAM Meeting at Liberal Assembly, Llandudno Friday 17 September - 12 noonVenue and speakers to be annoupcedI , Ily snubbed by Muldoon and castigated by the New Zealand press.By now the mood of Africa was growing more militant. This was strikingly shown at a seminar in Haeaaorganised by the UN's Sfecial Commi~ttee AgalnstHART (Haflt All Racist Tours) heas aid that the All Blacks tour of South Africa condoe the mamsers inSowato and ofther Soith African towrnhhips. .On June 18 HART Preseited boxes containing thousands of telegrams and messages to the New ZealandRugby Union asking it to call off the waries.Around 15,000 New Zealanders protested against the tour on May 28, with ma marches in Auckland,Wellington and Christchurch, and smaller rallies in Palmerston North, Hastings, Hamilton, Gisbone,Whang e r, ConAndel and other ceantrs.Apartheid. There, members of SA-ROC, whose persistent and forceful lobbying has struck fear into wh iteouth Africa's sports officials, were surprisedto see the strength of Africa's feelings. SAN ROC~immediately threw its own weight and negotiating expertise intothe arena.Th olowing month ~theOrgani "satiofr African Unity wvent In fu the SpremeCouncilfor cafor a selective

o Zealand athletes atMontreal and proposed a total yv-out unless the All Blacks tourThe writing was well and truly on the wall arld, yet, the IOC continued to underestimate the feeling inAfricae-a feelin acerbated by justified resentment at the fact that the IOC, in common with manyAustralian golferswon't goto SAAUSTRALIA's national golf team has cancelled plans to play in South Africa in October. after pressurefrom the Australian Goyernment. Earlier the Australian Golf Union refused an invitation to take part inworld sports bodies, is dominatad by Europe and the USA ad insen sitive to the growing power of the ThirdWorld,This power expressed itselfvividly at Montreal and has brought about what may he the final showdown for white South Africa in sport.The ay future of the Olympic movemenc is thr'atened by countries such as New Zealand and Britain wh6continue to play with apartheid.It is quite on the cards that New Zealand, for instance, lght fine itself barred from the next Olympics inMoscow in 1980. For its shabby behaviour over the All Blacks tour has shown it to be one of Mr Vorster'sdosest allies.MeanwhileAfrica's courageous stand has helped once more to focus attention on sports apartheid and on thelimited, window-dressing nature of the reforms so fa implemented within South Africa's sporting structure.In saluting Africa, we must remain vigilant in exposing the reality of that structure and protesting againstits intrusion abroad.-SEARCHER;A (End Loans to ). £1 per hour plus ses. 3 weeks work, as Dossible and