Anthropology Anthropology

Anthropology and CultureAnthropology and Culture

For anthropologists For anthropologists and other behavioral and other behavioral scientists, culture is scientists, culture is the full range of the full range of learned human learned human behavior patterns.  behavior patterns. 

Culture is: "that Culture is: "that complex whole which complex whole which includes knowledge, includes knowledge, belief, art, law, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and morals, custom, and any other capabilities any other capabilities and habits acquired and habits acquired by [humans as by [humans as members] of society."  members] of society." 

What is Canadian Culture?What is Canadian Culture?

What symbols are connected with What symbols are connected with Canadian Identity? Canadian Identity?

What is the difference between the What is the difference between the Cultural Mosaic and the Melting Pot? Cultural Mosaic and the Melting Pot?

Are you “Proud to be Are you “Proud to be CanadianCanadian?”?”

The RantThe Rant

Hey. I'm not a lumberjack, or a fur trader. And I don't live in an igloo, or Hey. I'm not a lumberjack, or a fur trader. And I don't live in an igloo, or eat blubber, or own a dogsled. eat blubber, or own a dogsled.

And I don't know Jimmy, Sally or Suzy from Canada, although I'm And I don't know Jimmy, Sally or Suzy from Canada, although I'm certain they're really, really nice.certain they're really, really nice.

I have a Prime Minister, not a President. I have a Prime Minister, not a President. I speak English and French, NOT American. and I pronounce it I speak English and French, NOT American. and I pronounce it

'ABOUT', NOT 'A BOOT'. 'ABOUT', NOT 'A BOOT'. I can proudly sew my country's flag on my backpack. I can proudly sew my country's flag on my backpack. I believe in peace keeping, NOT policing. DIVERSITY, NOT I believe in peace keeping, NOT policing. DIVERSITY, NOT

assimilation, AND THAT THE BEAVER IS A TRULY PROUD AND assimilation, AND THAT THE BEAVER IS A TRULY PROUD AND NOBLE ANIMAL. NOBLE ANIMAL.

A TOQUE IS A HAT, A CHESTERFIELD IS A COUCH, AND IT IS A TOQUE IS A HAT, A CHESTERFIELD IS A COUCH, AND IT IS PRONOUCED 'ZED' NOT 'ZEE', 'ZED'!!! PRONOUCED 'ZED' NOT 'ZEE', 'ZED'!!!

CANADA IS THE SECOND LARGEST LANDMASS! THE FIRST CANADA IS THE SECOND LARGEST LANDMASS! THE FIRST NATION OF HOCKEY! AND THE BEST PART OF NORTH NATION OF HOCKEY! AND THE BEST PART OF NORTH AMERICA!AMERICA!

MY NAME IS JOE!! AND MY NAME IS JOE!! AND

I AM CANADIAN !!!

The Rant ContinuedThe Rant Continued

Why do you believe The Rant was so Why do you believe The Rant was so effective as an advertising campaign? effective as an advertising campaign?

Do you believe it became more than just a Do you believe it became more than just a commercial to sell beer? Why? commercial to sell beer? Why?

What does this say about Canadian What does this say about Canadian Culture with respect to our southern Culture with respect to our southern neighbours? neighbours?

Create your own RantCreate your own Rant

As an individual or in pairs design a rant As an individual or in pairs design a rant about being:about being:

A member of a group, club or teamA member of a group, club or team

A member of a certain communityA member of a certain community

A member of CCSSA member of CCSS

A member of ? ~Check with Mr. OA member of ? ~Check with Mr. O

EvaluationEvaluation

Creativity 0 1 2 3 4 5Creativity 0 1 2 3 4 5

Passion 0 1 2 3 4 5Passion 0 1 2 3 4 5

Delivery 0 1 2 3 4 5Delivery 0 1 2 3 4 5

AnthropologyAnthropology

Anthropology is the Anthropology is the broad study of broad study of humankind around humankind around the world and the world and throughout time.  throughout time. 

It is concerned with It is concerned with both the biological both the biological and the cultural and the cultural aspects of humans. aspects of humans. 

There are four main subdivisions There are four main subdivisions in anthropologyin anthropology

1. P1. Physical Anthropologyhysical AnthropologyMechanisms of biological evolution, genetic Mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic

inheritance, human adaptability and inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, and the fossil variation, primatology, and the fossil record of human evolution. record of human evolution.

2. Cultural Anthropology2. Cultural Anthropology

CultureCulture

EthnocentrismEthnocentrism

Language and communicationLanguage and communication

Economic patternsEconomic patterns

KinshipKinship

Sex and marriage socializationSex and marriage socialization

Social controlSocial control

Political organizationPolitical organization

ClassClass

EthnicityEthnicity

GenderGender

ReligionReligion

Cultural changeCultural change

ArchaeologyArchaeology

Prehistory and early history of cultures around Prehistory and early history of cultures around the world; major trends in cultural evolution; the world; major trends in cultural evolution; and techniques for finding, excavating, dating, and techniques for finding, excavating, dating, and analyzing material remains of past and analyzing material remains of past societiessocieties

Linguistic AnthropologyLinguistic Anthropology

The human communication process focusing on The human communication process focusing on the importance of socio-cultural influences; the importance of socio-cultural influences; nonverbal communication; and the structure, nonverbal communication; and the structure, function, and history of languages, dialects, function, and history of languages, dialects, pidgins, and creolespidgins, and creoles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwm4FEB9LC8

Participation-observationParticipation-observation

Anthropologists have learned that the best Anthropologists have learned that the best way to really get to know another society way to really get to know another society and its culture is to live in it as an active and its culture is to live in it as an active participant rather than simply an observer. participant rather than simply an observer. 

Participant Observation (continued)Participant Observation (continued)

By physically and emotionally participating in By physically and emotionally participating in the social interaction of the host society it is the social interaction of the host society it is possible to become accepted as a member. possible to become accepted as a member. 

Dian FosseyDian Fossey

Dian Fossey believed that in order to study Dian Fossey believed that in order to study gorillas effectively she had to immerse gorillas effectively she had to immerse herself with them in an effort to get them to herself with them in an effort to get them to accept her presence accept her presence

continuedcontinued

She was murdered in her cabin at Karisoke She was murdered in her cabin at Karisoke on December 26, 1985. Her death is a on December 26, 1985. Her death is a mystery yet unsolved. mystery yet unsolved.

We need anthropologists – they prove or We need anthropologists – they prove or disprove what we BELIEVE to be true.disprove what we BELIEVE to be true.

Monkeys are stupid animalsMonkeys are stupid animals

Indians are savages Indians are savages

KinshipKinship

Kinship is a family Kinship is a family relationship based relationship based on what a culture on what a culture considers a family considers a family to be to be

Kinship continuedKinship continued

The family unit can vary depending on the The family unit can vary depending on the culture in which the family lives culture in which the family lives

Kinship continuedKinship continued

Anthropologists have concluded that human Anthropologists have concluded that human cultures define the concept of family in cultures define the concept of family in three ways:three ways:

mating (marriage) birth (descent) nurturance (adoption) mating (marriage) birth (descent) nurturance (adoption)

Methods used by AnthropologistsMethods used by Anthropologists

Participation-observation Participation-observation

Collection of statistics Collection of statistics

Field interviews Field interviews

Rigorous compilation of detailed notes Rigorous compilation of detailed notes

Fieldwork of anthropologists is known as Fieldwork of anthropologists is known as ““ethnographyethnography””

Three Major Anthropological Three Major Anthropological Schools of ThoughtSchools of Thought

1. Functionalism1. FunctionalismTo understand a culture, it is necessary to To understand a culture, it is necessary to

investigate the social functions of institutions investigate the social functions of institutions such as laws, practices and customs. such as laws, practices and customs.

2. Structuralism2. Structuralism

This theory states that humans tend to see things This theory states that humans tend to see things in terms of two forces that are binary opposites: in terms of two forces that are binary opposites:

night/daynight/day

male/female male/female

rich/poorrich/poor

good/badgood/bad

The goal of Structuralism is to discover universal The goal of Structuralism is to discover universal principles of the human mind underlying cultural principles of the human mind underlying cultural traits and customs. traits and customs.

Thesis, antithesis, and synthesisThesis, antithesis, and synthesis

Ge tribes of the Amazon:Ge tribes of the Amazon:

Divide their villages into two Divide their villages into two

which were rivals which were rivals

the members of opposite halvesthe members of opposite halves

married each other. married each other.

3. Cultural Materialism3. Cultural Materialism

Technological and economical factors are the Technological and economical factors are the most important ones in moulding a society – most important ones in moulding a society – known as materialism known as materialism

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DeterminismDeterminism as a component of Cultural as a component of Cultural Materialism– states that the types of technology Materialism– states that the types of technology and economic methods that are adopted always and economic methods that are adopted always determine (or act as deciding factors in forming) determine (or act as deciding factors in forming) the type of society that develops. the type of society that develops.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik0OIMrRAwM

Animal communicationAnimal communication

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwm4FEB9LC8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwm4FEB9LC8 Chimps in captivityChimps in captivityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySkodXxAl0A&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySkodXxAl0A&feature=related

In spaceIn spacehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcojxUVQHO4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcojxUVQHO4

HIVHIVhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edOrjjhUlXo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edOrjjhUlXo&feature=related

Technology and ChangeTechnology and Changehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik0OIMrRAwMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik0OIMrRAwM

Baby Chimp born in the wildBaby Chimp born in the wildhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKPEsHvzO6k&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKPEsHvzO6k&feature=related

Disease and DeathDisease and Deathhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcGbvAEWSwo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcGbvAEWSwo&feature=related

ConflictConflicthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBUaAx0Duqg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBUaAx0Duqg&feature=related

MeatMeathttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHfBC73-Xwg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHfBC73-Xwg&feature=related