anthropogenic effects and conservation
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Anthropogenic Effects and Conservation. The Human Problem. Humans are causing the next great extinction wave in animals And they are doing so by drastically altering their environment. . The Human Problem. And a lot of the current focus is on freshwater and marine environments - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Anthropogenic Effects and Conservation
The Human Problem
• Humans are causing the next great extinction wave in animals
• And they are doing so by drastically altering their environment.
The Human Problem• And a lot of the current focus is
on freshwater and marine environments– What we think of as normal in
terrestrial systems is already actually a highly modified system
• And this is true of oceans too
The Human Problem
• But these impacts are getting worse especially for ecosystem engineering species
Seagrasses declining at a rate of 7% per year
The Human Problem
Impacts to Ocean Environments
• Agriculture– Eutrophication and Chemical Residues
• Industrial development and CO2– Greenhouse effect and warming• Changing species distributions
Impacts to Ocean Environments
• Industrial development and CO2
Impacts to Ocean Environments
• Fishing
Impacts to Ocean Environments
• And alone many systems have redundancies that might help prevent ecosystem crashes
Additive or Synergistic Impacts
Additive or Synergistic Impacts
• But together, the impacts of these pressure overload the system and shift it to a “new normal”
Nutrients
Behavioral Impacts
• Obviously our impacts affect the health and survival of animals– But how do they affect their behavior?
• Eutrophication
Behavioral Impacts
Pesticides
• W-water• A-Acetone Control• Numbers- concentration
in mg/L of Carbaryl
Ocean Acidification
Over-fishing impacts
• Decline in predator body size affects the landscape of fear
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Decline in body size affects the landscape of fear
Using Behavior for Conservation
• Assessing habitat preference– Selecting restoration sites or MPAs
Using Behavior for Conservation• Assessing where human impacts are the least– Use Giving Up Densities Create Topographical
Maps
• Helping to Translocate animals• Cormorants and the bay bridge
Using Behavior For Conservation
Using Behavior For Conservation
• Increasing Survival of Translocated animals– In social species,
translocating family groups results in higher survival rates
• Training hatchery reared animals– Hatchery trout
trained to recognize predator odor (PO) by combining it with trout skin extract (TSE)
Using Behavior For Conservation
After 21 days
Using Behavior For Conservation