anthrax control program
DESCRIPTION
4-H Veterinary Science Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science Texas A&M System http://aevm.tamu.edu. Anthrax Control Program. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Anthrax Control Program
4-H Veterinary ScienceExtension Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science
Texas A&M Systemhttp://aevm.tamu.edu
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Objectives
Understand that because anthrax has been a reportable disease, it has been controlled
Understand that surveillance of a disease prevents its spread
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ReportableBacterial diseaseWorldwide distributionEndemic to U.S.
Triangle of Uvalde, Ozona, Eagle Pass, TXAffects numerous animal speciesPrimarily domestic and wild livestock Zoonotic
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Causative Agent
Bacterium - Bacillus anthracis
Vegetative bacteria in animal
Spore bacteria in environment
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Transmission
Spores leave dead animal via hemorrhagic exudates Mouth, nose, anus and vulva Contain large numbers of bacteria
Contaminated soil Spores remain viable for decades
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Soil-borne – summer drought, following rains
Soil-borne – summer rain, following drought
Usually ingestion of sporesIncubation period is 1-20 daysInfections apparent after 3-7 days
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Diagnosis
Ruminants Sudden death Staggering Trembling Dyspnea Fever
Respiratory distress Convulsions Abortions Bloody discharge FATAL
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Horses Sudden death Fever Chills Anorexia Depression
Severe colicBloody diarrheaSwellingFATAL
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Pigs Sudden death Mild, chronic infections Fever Swelling Enlarged lymph nodes Usually recover
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Dead animals Sudden death – blood poisoning Rigor mortis absent Rapid decomposition – extreme bloat Dark blood Enlarged spleen Non-clotting blood
People Wound infections – carbuncles
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Image Illustrates the Typical Bloated Decomposition with the
Fore Legs Separated and Raised
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Bacterial Skin
Infection in Human
Microscopic Stained Bacteria in Characteristic Chains of Rods like Box Cars
Bacterial Disease in
Animals with Sudden Death
and Rapid Bloat
Decomposition
Infected Doe; Blood from Nasal Cavity to Soil
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Prevention
Vaccinate livestock Sterne-strain
Live Endemic areas
Burn carcasses Do not move
Burn body remains Bones, antlers and horns
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Regulation and Control
Texas FEAD Emergency Response Plan Identify positive animals and destroyReduce amount of time to get back test
resultsTrack origin of suspect animals
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Burn carcass and beddingDon’t open carcass
Spores will not develop without oxygen Bacteria will decompose within a few days
Vaccination of herd requiredQuarantine of herd required for 10 days
after vaccination