anth 4234, 4-4-18 - university of...
TRANSCRIPT
ANTH4234,DRD4,ahypervariablegene.• “Oneofthemostextensivelystudiedpolymorphismsinpsychiatricandbehavioralgenetics….Thefirstgenepolymorphismassociatedwithahumanpersonalitytrait,NoveltySeeking.”(Sweitzer,2013)(emphasisadded)
WHENMANYNEURONSCOMMUNICATE,ANEURALNETWORKFORMS,SUCHASTHEMOTIVATIONALVALUEANDLEARNINGNETWORKINPRIMATES.
MOREREPEATS=MORENOVELTYSEEKING?(7REPEATRECEPTOR<SENSITIVETHAN4REPEAT)
• 100’sofstudiesexploring4rv7r.• 7r’slikenovelty.• 7r’stakegreaterrisks.• 7r’shavehightimepreferencewhenassociatedwithlowchildhoodSES.• 7r’shavehighersocialityinchildrenwithgoodparenting• Lowerwithbadparenting.• 7r’shavemoresexualpartners.• 7rHealthierinnomadicgroups,notashealthyinpastoral.• MoreDisorganizedAttachmentDisorderfor7rthan4r.• MoresevereADHDfor7rthan4r.
WORLDWIDEDISTRIBUTIONOFDRD4REPEATALLELESINHUMANS.• LESS7RDIVERSITYINAFRICA,LESSLDFOR7RINAFRICA=SELECTION,BOTTLENECK,DRIFT?• Highfrequencyof7RinAmericas• BigstudyofkidswithADHD,noassociationw/repeat,butassociationwithrarehaplotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
•DRD4GROUPVARIABILITYEFFECT=NOTYET,MAYBENEVER,MAYBETOMORROW.•DRD4INDIVIDUALVARIABILITYEFFECT=PROBABLY,GENEXENVIRONMENT.•WHOREALLYKNOWS?•MOREWORKNEEDED.
Forthoseinterestedinmore:
• Bomberg-Martin,DopamineinMotivationalControl:Rewarding,AversiveandAlerting,NeuronVol.68,pp815-835,2010.
• Bailey,J.N.,TheassociationofDRD4andnoveltyseekingisfoundinanonhumanprimatemodel.PsychiatricGenetics,17(17),23–2723,2007.
• Matsumoto,Twotypesofdopamineneurondistinctlyconveypositiveandnegativemotivationalsignals.Nature,459(7248),837–841,2009.
• Sweitzer,PolymorphicvariationinthedopamineD4receptorpredictsdelaydiscountingasafunctionofchildhoodsocioeconomicstatus:Evidencefordifferentialsusceptibility.SocialCognitiveandAffectiveNeuroscience,8(5),499–508,2013.
• Ding,EvidenceforPositiveSelectionActingattheHumanD4ReceptorLocus, PNAS,Vol.99,No1,308-314,2002.
• Kidd,Anhistoricalperspectiveon“Theworldwidedistributionofallelefrequenciesatthehumandopaminereceptorlocus.” HumanGentics,133,431-433,2014.