Anterior Muscles• Origin on pelvis or vertebral

column– Iliacus – Psoas major

Illiopsoas Muscle

• Three muscles:– Illiacus– Psoas major– Psoas minor

• Action– Hip flexion

Iliacus• Origin

– illiac fossa

• Insertion– Lesser trochanter of the femur

Psoas Major and Minor

• Origin– Transverse processes of L1-5

• Insertion– Minor: pectineal line– Major: lesser trochanter

Pectineus Muscle

• Origin– Superior ramus of pubis

• Insertion– pectineal line of femur

• Action– Hip flexion– adduction

Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle• Origin

– Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium

• Insertion– Ilio-tibial band

• Action– Abduction about the hip– Hip flexion

Posterior MusclesGluteal muscles

• Origin on pelvis or sacrum– Gluteus maximus– Gluteus medius– Gluteus minimus

• Lateral rotators– Piriformis– Obturator externus– Obturator internus– Superior and inferior gemellus– Quadratus femoris

Posterior Muscles

عمقی • و میانی سطحی، الیهبزرگ- )• سرینی (Gluteus Maximusعضالت

متوسط- )• سرینی Gluteus mediusعضالتکوچک- )• سرینی Gluteus minimusعضالتترتیب • به ایلیوم خارجی سطح از عضله سه هر

قدامی و خارجی سطح گلوتئال، توبروزینه به . چسبد می ران استخوان بزرگ تروکانتر

MUSCLES THIGH

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

• Quadriceps femoris– Has four separate heads – Has a common insertion at the quadriceps tendon– Powerful knee extensors

• Rectus femoris• Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis• Vastus intermedius

– Tensor fasciae latae

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

SARTORIUS

O: Anterior Superior IliacSpine I: Medial Side of Tibia

Flexes Thigh, & Rotates Thigh Laterally

VASTUS LATERALISExtends Lower Leg

RECTUS FEMORIS

O: Ilium

I: Patella & Tibial Tuberosity

Flexes Thigh, Extends Lower Leg

VASTUS MEDIALISExtends Lower Leg

Figure 11.21a

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

• Hamstrings• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus

Muscles of the medial compartment

– Adductor longus– Adductor brevis– Adductor magnus– Pectineus – Gracilis

ADDUCTOR LONGUSAdduct, Rotate & Flex Thigh

Laterally

Anterior and Medial Muscles

This is formed by the inguinal ligament, the sartorius laterally and the adductor longus on the medial side.

MUSCLES of the LEG

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment

• Tibialis anterior• Extensor digitorum longus• Fibularis (peroneus) tertius• Extensor hallucis longus

Figure 11.22a

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

• Superficial muscles– Triceps surae

• Gastrocnemius• Soleus

– Plantaris

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

• Deep muscles– Popliteus– Flexor digitorum longus– Flexor hallucis longus– Tibialis posterior

Figure 11.23a

Muscles of the Lateral Compartment

• Fibularis (peroneus) longus

• Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

• Fibularis tertius

Muscles of the Lateral Compartment

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot• Muscle on the dorsum

of the foot– Extensor digitorum

brevis• Muscles on the sole of

the foot– First layer

• Flexor digitorum brevis• Abductor hallucis• Abductor digiti minimi

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

• Second layer– Flexor accessorius– Lumbricals

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

• Third layer– Flexor hallucis brevis– Adductor hallucis – Flexor digiti minimi brevis

• Fourth layer– Plantar and dorsal

interossei

ArteriesArteries

Branches of the Ascending Aorta

• Coronary arteries– Supply the heart’s cardiac muscle with oxygen

and nutrients

– Aortic Arch1. Brachiocephalic Trunk

1. Right Common Carotid Artery2. Right Subclavian Artery

2. Left Common Carotid1. Brain2. Neck and head

3. Left Subclavian

Branches of the Aortic Arch• First branch

– Brachiocephalic trunk

– Right common carotid and right subclavian

• Second branch– Left common

carotid• Third branch

– Left subclavian

Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian arteryVertebral artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Descendingthoracic aorta

Aortic arch

Left subclavianartery

Left commoncarotid artery

Blood Vessels entering or leaving the heart

Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Thoracic (descending) aorta

Abdominal aorta

Common iliac arteries

Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Thoracic (descending) aorta

Abdominal aorta

Common iliac arteries

Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Thoracic (descending) aorta

Abdominal aorta

Common iliac arteries

The Carotid Arteries and Brain Blood Supply

• External carotid arteryExternal carotid artery neck, pharynx, esophagus, larynx, mandible, & face

• Internal carotid arteryInternal carotid artery brain

(IC branches):IC branches):– Ophthalmic arteryOphthalmic artery -eyes;– anterior cerebral arteryanterior cerebral artery -frontal/parietal;– middle cerebralmiddle cerebral -midbrain, lat.cerebrum

• VertebralVertebral> > basilarbasilar>>posterior cerebralposterior cerebral>>posterior posterior communicating arteriescommunicating arteries>>middle cerebralmiddle cerebral>> anterior anterior communicatingcommunicating>>anterior cerebralanterior cerebral

Brachiocephalic trunk

External carotid artery

Vertebral artery

Subclavian artery

• Thyrocervical trunk-neck, shoulder & upper back

• Internal thoracic -pericardium/ant.thoracic wall– Vertebral artery -brain/spinal cord

• Axillary artery -pectoral region/axilla– Brachial artery -upper limb– Radial/ulnar arteries -antebrachium– Superficial/deep palmar archSuperficial/deep palmar arch -palm– Digital arteryDigital artery -thumb/fingers

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Radial artery Ulnar artery

Vertebral artery

• Left and Right Subclavian Arteries– Subclavian becomes

Axillary

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Radial artery Ulnar artery

Vertebral artery

• Axillary Artery– Axillary becomes

Brachial

•Brachial Artery–Radial Artery–Ulnar Artery

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Radial artery Ulnar artery

Vertebral artery

Branches of the Descending Aorta: Arteries of the Abdominal Aorta

• Three major branches (in order from superior to inferior along abdominal aorta)– Celiac trunk– Superior mesenteric artery– Inferior mesenteric artery

Right renal artery

Descending abdominalaorta

Inferior mesenteric artery

Left femoral artery

Left external iliac arteryLeft internal iliac artery

Common iliac artery

Superior mesenteric artery

Left renal artery

Celiac trunk

The Descending AortaThoracic Aorta & BranchesThoracic Aorta & Branches

• Visceral branchesVisceral branches -Bronchial, pericardial, mediastinal, esophageal arteries.

• Parietal branchesParietal branches -Intercostal,superior phrenic.

The Descending AortaAbdominal Aorta & BranchesAbdominal Aorta & Branches

Unpaired arteries : Celiac trunkCeliac trunk

liver, stomach, spleen; Branches: left gastric Splenic common hepatic arteries.

Superior mesentericSuperior mesentericpancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine.

Inferior mesentericInferior mesentericterminal colon & rectum

Abdominal Aorta & Branches (cont’d)

Paired arteries:Inferior phrenicInferior phrenic SuprarenalSuprarenal RenalRenal GonadalGonadalLumbarLumbar

Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Limbs

• Right/Left Common IliacsRight/Left Common Iliacs– Internal IliacInternal Iliac -urinary bladder, int.,ext. walls of

pelvis, genitalia– External IliacExternal Iliac -lower limbs

Blood supply of the pelvisa) The internal iliac (hypogastric) artery: • Arises from the common iliac artery opposite the sacroiliac joint • Descends under cover of peritoneum into the true pelvis for about 4cm before

dividing into anterior and posterior divisions • The posterior division:

– Has three parietal branches: – Iliolumbar– lateral sacral – superior gluteal

• The anterior division has three parietal branches – obturator artery– inferior gluteal artery – internal pudendal artery) which supply the pariets of the anterolateral quadrant of the

pelvic wall, the buttock and perineum – It has four visceral branches which are:

1) Umbilical artery 2) Uterine artery3) Vaginal artery 4) Middle rectal artery

View of iliac and femoral arteries

Arteries of Thigh & Leg

• Femoral Femoral – Deep femoralDeep femoral– PoplitealPopliteal

• Post. TibialPost. Tibial– PeronealPeroneal

• Ant. tibial Ant. tibial

Major Systemic Arteries

• Ant. Ant. Tibial Artery– Dorsalis pedisDorsalis pedis

• Posterior Tibial Artery– Fibular (peroneal)

Artery• Medial, Lateral plantarMedial, Lateral plantar

Systemic Veins

Brachium venous return-

• Digital veinsDigital veins• Superficial/deep palmarSuperficial/deep palmar• Palmar venous archesPalmar venous arches• CephalicCephalic• Median antebrachialMedian antebrachial• Basilic Basilic • Median cubital (cephalic, Median cubital (cephalic,

basilic)basilic)• Axillary (basilic, brachial) Axillary (basilic, brachial)

Systemic Veins

SVC formation• SubclaviansSubclavians• Brachiocephalics(vertBrachiocephalics(vert

ebrals,ext/int ebrals,ext/int jugulars)jugulars)

• Azygos(hemiazygos)-Azygos(hemiazygos)-chief blood collectors chief blood collectors of thorax of thorax

Systemic VeinsTributaries of the IVCTributaries of the IVC

Pelvic limb venous drainage• Plantar/dorsal venous Plantar/dorsal venous

archarch• Anterior/ posterior tibialAnterior/ posterior tibial• PeronealPeroneal• PoplitealPopliteal• FemoralFemoral• Great/small saphenousGreat/small saphenous• External iliac External iliac

Hepatic Portal System

Tributaries• Inferior mesentericInferior mesenteric• SplenicSplenic• Superior MesentericSuperior Mesenteric

** Hepatic portal vein formed by fusion of superior Hepatic portal vein formed by fusion of superior mesenteric and splenicmesenteric and splenic

Vascular system within the liver

Systemic Venous System

Venous System of the Trunk and Upper Limb