antediluvian phytology · lycopsids, ≥10 sphenopsids, ≥25 true ferns, ≥35 seed ferns, 1...
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Antediluvian PhytologyIllustrated by
A Collection of the
Fossil Remains of Plants,Peculiar to the Coal Formation
ofMazon Creek.
By JACK M. WITTRY
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The Study of Plants from Before the Flood
Illustrated byA Collection of the
Fossil Remains of Plants,Peculiar to the Coal Formation
ofMazon Creek.
By JACK M. WITTRY
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WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM THE MAZON CREEK
FLORA ?
• CLIMATE CONDITIONS• CLUES TO THE FOSSIL FORMING
EVENT• THE RELATIVE AGE OF THE EVENT
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Mazon Creek Area
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Mazon Creek Factoids
307 MYA
Days— 22 Hours Long
Year—398 Days Long
30% Oxygen vs 21% Today
Charcoal, Fusian or Fusinite
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Algae and Progymnosperms+
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Non-Vascular Plants, Algae
Thallites dichopleurus
Taeniophyllumlatifolium
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Lycopsids
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Arboreal Lycopsid GeneraGiant Club Mosses
• Sigillaria• Lepidodendron• Asolanus• Lepidophloios• Omphalophloios
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Arboreal Lycopsid Genera
• Roots—Stigmaria• Cones—Lepidostrobus, Sigillariostrobus• Outer Bark—Same as for entire plant• Inner Barks—Knorria, Aspidiopsis• Leaves—Cyperites , (Previously called
Lepidophyllum —a flowering plant—and Lepidophylloides which included fertile cone bracts)
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Stigmaria Lepidostrobus
Knorria
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Lepidophloios protberans Asolanus camptotaenia
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LepidodendronL. rimosum
L. worthenii
L. aculeatum
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Lycopsid Diminutive and Herbaceous Forms
• Chaloneriaceae• Lycopodites
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Chaloneriaceae
Polysporia mirabilis Lepidocystis sp.
Cormophyton mazonensis
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Lycopodites
Lycopodites meeki
Lycopodites pendulus
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Lycopodium
After the Flood…
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SphenopsidsHorsetails
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Sphenopsid Genera
• Roots—Pinnularia, Myriophyllites• Cones—Calamostachys, Palaeostachya,
Bowmanites, Macrostachya• Trunks—Calamites• Foliage—Annularia, Asterophyllites,
Sphenophyllum and Equisetites
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Pinnularia
Myriophyllites
Bowmanites
Calamostachys
Palaeostachya
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Calamites
C. cisti C. goepperti
C. suckowi
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Asterophyllites
A. longifolius
A. equisetiformis
“dubium”
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Annularia
A. radiata
A. sphenophylloides
A. stellata
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Sphenophyllum and Equisetites
E. zeaeformisS. emarginatum
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Equisetum
After the Flood…
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True Ferns
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Marattialean Tree Fern Genera• Foliage—Lobatopteris, Acitheca and Pecopteris• Trunk—Psaronius• Decorticated trunk—Stigmariodes• Branch scars—Caulopteris, Artisophyton
Megaphyton• Fertile structures—Kankakeea• Roots—No name given• Abortive pinnae—Aphlebia• Immature pinnae—Spiropteris
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Pecopteris subcrenulata
Lobatopteris sp. Acithecapolymorpha
Pecopteris unita
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Stigmariodes
Psaronius and Caulopteris
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SpiropterisRoots
Kankakeea grundyi
Aphlebia
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Shrub-like Fern Genera
• Foliage—Alloiopteris, Nemejcopteris, Oligocarpia, Stellatheca and Myriotheca
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Alloiopteris winslovii Nemejcopteris feminaeformis
Oligocarpia gutbieri
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Myriotheca scaberrima Stellatheca ornata
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After the Flood…
Cyathea intermedia
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Seed FernsPteridosperms
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Medullosan Seed Fern Genera
• Foliage—Alethopteris , Callipteridium, Odontopteris, Neuropteris, Laveineopteris, Macroneuropteris, Cyclopteris, Linopteris andReticulopteris
• Pollen organs—Dolerotheca, Schopfitheca andCodonotheca
• Seeds—Trigonocarpus
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Callipteridium neuropteroides
Odontopteris aequalis
Alethopteris serli
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Laveineopterisrarinervis
Neuropteris ovata
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Linopteris neuropteroides
Cyclopteris Trichomanoides
Macroneuropterisscheuchzeri
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Reticulopteris munsteri
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Condonotheca caduca
Dolerotheca sp.
Schopfithecaboulayoides
Trignocarpus
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Shrub-like Seed Fern Genera
• Foliage—Eremopteris, EusphenopterisMariopteris, Pseudomariopteris and? Pecopteris fontainei - Crossothecasagittata
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Eusphenopteris obtusiloba
Eremopteris missouriensis
Mariopteris nervosa
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Crossotheca sagittata
Pecopteris fontainei
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Cordaites
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Cordaite Genera
• Foliage—Cordaites• Trunk pith casts—Artisia• Pollen and seed cones—Cordaianthus• Seed—Samaropsis
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SamaropsisCordaianthus
Cordaites Artisia
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Progymnosperms
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Progymnosperm Genera
• Cones—Noeggerathiaestrobus
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Noeggerathiaestrobus sp.
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Conclusion• Confirmed plant species types; 2 Algae, ≥11
Lycopsids, ≥10 Sphenopsids, ≥25 True Ferns, ≥35 Seed Ferns, 1 Cordaite, 1 Progymnosperm, ≥ 5 incertae sedis foliage Grand Total = at least 90 plant species.
• Certain plant biases are evidence to a short, one time flooding event. Likely no more then several weeks. Making Mazon Creek a snapshot in time of mostly transported flora.