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ANTECY

“CO2 the Uber Resource”- Direct CO2 Capture from Air for E-Fuels & more -

History: Personal

Paul O’Connor – Background

• Born in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles• Chemical Technology at TU Eindhoven (1972-1977)• SHELL: Catalytic & Thermal Cracking (1977-1984)

– The Hague (MFD), Refinery (Curaçao)• Akzo Nobel:

– FCC Catalyst testing & development (1984-2004)– Advanced materials & new fuels (2000-2004)

• Albemarle: New Business Development (2004-2005)– GTL, CTL, BTL...Renewables?

• BIOeCON: 2nd Gen Biomass conversion (2006 – Now)• ANTECY: “Solar” fuels & chemicals (2010 – Now)

History: CO2 = Back to the Future

CO2 BiomassCO2 the “Uber” building block

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CO2 + H2 (e): High Density E-Fuels!

e

Lithium IonBattery

Hydrogen@ 150 bar

Methanol Gasoline1 liter~ 2 liters

~ 20 liters

~ 30 litersVolume @ constant energy content

Hydrogen@ 720 bar~ 6 liters

Photons Electrons Molecules (Gas Liquid)

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E –3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

E-Fuels: Enabling Energy Transition

Low Carbon Emissions

LCE

“E”-Fuelse

CO2: As energy (e H2) carrier

A liquid “Organic” recyclable BATTERY….

2017 DEMO: FC-B-EVThe Future is here!

Ruud Koornstra : “So the future battery of my TESLA will be methanol!”

ANTECY

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

What is still missing?Direct Air Capture of Carbon/ CO2 from Air

Carbon (CO2) point sources are limited!

Key technology still missing?

H2 + CO2 →→

Fuels

Electrolysis

H2O → H2

Direct Air Capture

Air → CO2

9Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

CO2 Capturing + Concentration!Power to Liquids/Gas requires “pure” CO2 (O2 free)

Source CO2 ConcentrationBio gas up to 20% 5xFlue gas ±10% 10xOpen Air ± 0,04% 2500x

- Advantage: Clean

CAir: Carbon Source ?

10Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

CO2 from Air Challenge!

Pick 400 “special” people (CO2) out of crowd of a million in seconds!

11Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Adsorption Kinetics: Fast & Deep

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 50 100 150 200 250

CO2-

outp

ut(p

pm)

Adsorption time (min)

τ=0.10s(5g)

τ=0.20s(5g)

τ=0.41s(5g)

τ=0.30s(25g)

τ=0.30s(25g)

τ=0.30s(25g)

τ=0.50s(25g)

Working Capacity@ high CO2 capture

(< 2 hours)

12Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Sorbent Development: Capacity?

Solid Amines

“Equilibrated”

“Working”

MOF’s? Capacity:Direct Air Capture

mmol CO2 /gg CO2 /kgg CO2 /m3

Equilibrated

Working Capacity@ high CO2 capture

(< 1 hour)

13Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Direct Air Capture ChallengeCompetitive Technologies

CAir: A robust & unique Technology

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

AMINES G-SToxicity issues

Stability (lifetime) Corrosion etc.

G-LSlow mass transfer

Longer time/cyclesHigh Sorbent Volumes

AmineBased

Non-Amine

L: Liquid Adsorbent S: Solid Adsorbent

Amine G-L TechnologyState-of-the-Art

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Non-Amine Carbonate System

Decomposition/Desorption temperatureM-CO3M-O + CO2

• CaCO3 T > 800oC• Al-Mg-CO3 T > 400-600oC• K-Al-Mg-CO3 T > 200-450oC• Zn-CO3 T > 150-400oC• KHCO3 T > 50-80oC (K2CO3 1.5H2O)• Liquid Amines T > 120-150oC

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Why Non-Amine?

Average compositions of the degradation samples of MEA, PIP, and MDEA.

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Why Non-Amine?

Stability Amines: Temperature , O2 concentration

• Degradation: Loss of sorbent capacity ,Higher cost• Degradation products can be toxic / carcinogenic• Emission issues in waste water, air, CO2?• Solid grafted amines (complex MF)• Much higher production costs vs. Carbon/KHCO3

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

CAir: 1st generation Sorbent

Carbon Support

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

CAir: 2nd generation Sorbent

Main goal: Higher Sorbent Capacity

Target to double CO2 captured per weight of sorbent

Faster kinetics & mass transfer

50% Reduced energy consumption OPEX

50% Reduced adsorber/desorber size CAPEX

R&D Program funded:

20Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Surprising Conclusions?

• Future = E-Fuels (+ FC) > Hydrogen or batteries• EF-ICE and/or EF-FC Cars

• Future is already here: Low cost of Electricity• Norway, ME, E-Intermittency, Islands,..

• Preferred CO2 source is Air and not Flue Gas• FG-CO2 is not (much) cheaper• FG-CO2 needs to be cleaned (Costs)• FG-CO2 is only available at certain locations (Points)• FG-CO2 is unreliable (suppliers?)

• Cost effective CO2 from Air is NOT impossible• ANTECY has the technology to do it!

21Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

CO2 for non-Fuel applications

Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands

Enclosed Agriculture Systems!

900 ton/year CO2 plant± 300 ton CO2 /ha per year

Ready for take-off!

ANTECY

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