antebellum america

Antebellum America

January 6, 2015

Standard: SS8H6The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.

a. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens

Antebellum America• ____________ (the period before the

_________) America was a time of great _______ in the United States

• The population was ________, new ______ were added, new __________ was being developed, and a new __________ was elected

• All of these things, and more, would lead up to the American Civil War

New Technology – The Cotton Gin

• In 1793, a man named ______________ invented the cotton engine (shortened to cotton gin)

• The purpose of the cotton gin was to separate the ______ from the cotton itself

• Prior to this invention, a worker might be able to separate ________ pounds a day by _____

• Now workers could separate ____ pounds a day• This led to more _______ being brought to

cotton plantations in the ________ because they could now grow ______ cotton

New Technology - Railroads• Prior to __________, people would have to

travel by horse, boat, or stagecoach• Farmers and manufacturers had to ship _____

amounts of goods at a time, and at a very ______ pace

• When the railroads were built, people and goods could move ________, speeding up ____________, which led to more _______ being needed in the South

Slavery• Since the cotton gin made producing cotton

more cost effective, the numbers of _______ grew in the South

• By 1860, there were 118,000 white families in Georgia– Of these, _____ owned slaves

• In 1860, there were 3,500 free blacks in Georgia• There were ___________ slaves in the country,

and almost _____ lived in Georgia

Government in Antebellum America

• The United States _____________ was firmly divided between ______________ by the early 1800s

• There were many ______________, not just over the issue of ________

• All of these helped lead to the American Civil War

States’ Rights• _______________ is the belief that the ______

interests should take precedence over the interests of the __________ government

• The _______ believed that in order for the U.S. to function as a _______, then political decisions should affect the entire ________

• The _______ believed that the ______ had a right to govern ____________ and decide what is best for their own needs

Nullification• Nullification (preventing the enforcement of a

____________) was an issue in 1832• _____________ challenged the enforcement of

a tariff (tax) and eventually nullified that tariff• South Carolina threatened to leave the U.S. if

_________ government would not compromise• Eventually, a ____________ was reached and

South Carolina repealed its nullification of the tariff

The Missouri Compromise• In 1819, there were 22 states

– 11 were ______ states and 11 were _____ states• This meant there was an ______ number of

___________ in Congress from slave states and free states

• __________ applied for statehood as a ______ state• This would mean there would be an ________

number of slave and free states• After much debate, the __________________ in

1820 allowed _________ to enter the Union as a _______ state and ________ to enter as a _____state, so the balance of _______ would remain the _______

Compromise of 1850• In 1849, ___________ applied to become

a _____ state• There were 15 slave states and 15 free

states at the time• This would _____ the balance of power• Senator Henry Clay proposed the

___________________ to please both the North and the South

Compromise of 1850• Benefits for _______

– California is ____ state– Slave trading ________ in

Washington D.C. (the national capital)

– ______ gave up the New Mexico territory, so Texas (a slave state) was now _________

• Benefits for ______– New Mexico and Utah would

_________ to be free or slave states on their own

– Residents of D.C. could _____ the slaves they already had

– Congress would pass the ____________________, that guaranteed that runaway slaves would be returned to their owners, even if they made it to a ______ state

The Georgia Platform• Many Georgians did ____ like the

Compromise of 1850• _____________________, a Georgia

politician, asked Georgians to accept it• ________________________ was adopted

that officially __________ the compromise for the people of Georgia

• Many Georgians knew that if Georgia were to remain part of the U.S., they would need to accept the Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Act• In 1854, the _____________________ was passed

which created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska• The act contained a clause on ____________________,

which means that people in that territory can vote to become a free state or slave state

• After the act was passed, deadly fights broke out between ____________ and ___________ groups

• When Kansas applied to become a ______ state, they were ___________ based on votes from _____________ states– This made southerners realize that northern votes alone could

keep slave states out of the Union

The Dred Scott Case• In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave, was taken by his

owner from Missouri (slave state) to Illinois (free state), and later Wisconsin (free state)

• When Scott’s owner died, he __________ to Missouri, and filed a lawsuit claiming he was _____ since he had lived in a free state

• The case went to the __________________, and in 1857, the court ruled that Scott could ____ file a lawsuit since he was a ______, and therefore, not a ________ of the U.S.

• This further divided the North and South and pushed them closer to war

The Presidential Election of 1860 - Democrats

• ____________ met in South Carolina in 1860 to decide on a presidential nominee

• After much arguing, __________ Democrats split from _________ Democrats

• Northern Democrats nominated _________________ for President of the U.S.

• Southern Democrats nominated _______________________ for President of the U.S.

• Politicians from the border states met separately and nominated _________

The Presidential Election of 1860 - Republicans

• _____________ met in Chicago and nominated _________________ for President of the U.S.

• Republicans, who said they would not actively try to _____ slavery, were proposing many measures that would ___________ the _______

• The party appeared to be _______ everything Southerners wanted

The Presidential Election of 1860 - Results

• For the first time, a candidate who got votes from only one ________ of the country won the election

• Abraham Lincoln received __________ votes (a minority) and was elected president

• However, the other candidates _____ the Southern vote, so ______ received enough to be elected

Election Results Map

~ Red – Lincoln~Dark Gray – Breckenridge~Light Gray – Douglas~Green – Bell~Tan – Territories (do not vote)

The Question of Secession• After Lincoln’s election, talk of __________ (the

act of leaving the Union) and war was all over the South

• Georgia’s governor called a special legislative session to determine whether to secede

• For the most part, Georgia citizens wanted to _____ part of the Union, but they also wanted ____________ and to support their lifestyle

The Role of Alexander Stephens

• ________________, a Georgia legislator, was _______ immediate secession

• He made several stirring speeches, calling for Georgians to _____ to see what other states would do

• He was, however, voted _____, and on __________________, Georgia __________ from the Union

• Ironically, Alexander Stephens would go on to become _________________ of the Confederacy

Questions…• 1) What does “antebellum” mean?• 2) What was the purpose of the

cotton gin?• 3) How did the invention of the

cotton gin lead to the need for more slaves?

• 4) How did the invention of railroads lead to the need for more slaves?

• 5) What is states’ rights?• 6) What region was for states’

rights? What region was against states’ rights?

• 7) What is nullification?• 8) What was the Missouri

Compromise?

• 9) How did the Compromise of 1850 benefit the North?

• 10) How did the Compromise of 1850 benefit the South?

• 11) What did the Georgia Platform do?

• 12) What is popular sovereignty?• 13) Who was Dred Scott?• 14) What did the Dred Scott

decision say?• 15) Why was Abraham Lincoln

elected in the election of 1860?• 16) When did Georgia secede

from the Union?• 17) Who became vice president of

the Confederacy?

antebellum america

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