AnS 214Exam 2 Review

Nervous System Muscles CV Diagrams Misc.

10 10 10 10 10

20 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40

50 50 50 50 50

Nervous System - 10

• Name the three functions of the nervous system

Nervous System – 10

• Collect sensory input• Integrate sensory input• Produce motor outputs

Nervous System - 20

• What are cell bodies called in the PNS and CNS?

Nervous System – 20

• CNS – Nuclei• PNS – Ganglia

Nervous System - 30

• What type of cell forms the blood-brain-barrier?

Nervous System – 30

• Astrocytes

Nervous System - 40

• Myelination is formed by what types of cell in the PNS and CNS?

Nervous System – 40

• CNS – Oligodendrocytes• PNS – Schwann cells

• Bonus question (10 points) : How many nerves are does each cell type cover?

Nervous System - 50

• Describe an EPSP from the generation of an action potential to the post synaptic neuron. Name one type of synaptic relationship that generally causes EPSPs.

Nervous System – 50

• Cell depolarizes, Na+ moves in• Reaches threshold• Generates action potential at axon hillock• Moves towards presynaptic axon terminal• Synaptic vesicles bind to axon terminal and release

neurotransmitter• Bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron• Excite post-synaptic neuron to open chemically gated

channels• Axodendritic

Muscles - 10

• What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Muscles – 10

• Voluntary• Striated• Attached to bones

Muscles - 20

• Mammalian muscles cell grow by ______________ prenatally and ______________ after birth.

Muscles – 20

• Hyperplasia• Hypertrophy

Muscles - 30

• What makes up the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Muscles – 30

• Transverse(T) tubules• 2 terminal cisternae

Muscles - 40

• What are the three subunits of troponin and what do they do?

Muscles – 40

• TNt – interacts with tropomyosin• TNi – inhibits Ca bindign• TNc – binds Ca+2

Muscles - 50

• Describe the length-tension relationship and provide examples of what the sarcomere looks like at the extremes.

Muscles – 50

• The amount of tension generated depends on the muscles length before stimulation

• Overly contracted: thick filaments too close to z-disc to contract any more

• Too stretched: Very little overlap, cannot produce enough force to contract

CV - 10

• Cardiac Output = ?

CV – 10

• Stroke volume X Heart Rate

CV - 20

• What percent of cells in the heart have automaticity?

Answer 3 – 20

• 100%

• Bonus Question (10points) : How many actually exhibit automaticity?

CV - 30

• Name three abnormal heart conditions

CV – 30

• Angina• Myocardial infarction• Arrhythmia• Fibrillation• Defective Av node• Defective SA node• Premature ventricular contraction

CV - 40

• Define diastole and systole

CV – 40

• Diastole : ventricular relaxation• Systole : ventricular contraction

CV - 50

• Trace an electrical signal through the heart starting at the SA node

CV – 50

• SA node – fastest depolarization• AV node – connect atria and ventricle• AV bundle/bundle of His• Right and left bundle branches – in septum, go

towards apex of heart• Purkinje fibers – ventricular walls

Diagrams - 10

• Draw an action potential. Include Na+ and K+ permeability.

Diagrams – 10

Diagrams - 20

• Label the waves.

Diagrams – 20

Diagrams - 30

• Label the parts of a myofilament.

Diagrams – 30

Diagrams - 40

• Draw and label a neuron.

Diagrams – 40

Diagrams - 50

• Draw the triad and show the movement of an action potential and calcium ions.

Diagrams – 50

Misc. - 10

• What is your favorite example Dr. Selsby has given in class?

Misc. – 10

• Textbook experiment

Misc. - 20

• What is a “pearl necklace” in the muscle system?

Misc. – 20

• Troponin and tropomyosin

Misc. - 30

• What is follistatin?

Misc. – 30

• Myostatin inhibitor = bigger muscles

Misc. - 40

• Name the three types of motor neurons

Misc. – 40

• Sensory• Interneurons• Motor

Misc. - 50

• Draw the four stages of the cross bridge cycle.

Misc. – 50