announcements reminder: exam #1 a week from today need to check with me regarding clinical paper...
TRANSCRIPT
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Announcements
• Reminder: exam #1 a week from today
• Need to check with me regarding clinical paper topic. Deadline Oct. 3rd
• Upcoming assignment: parent interview. See handout.
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Research Methods
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Types of Investigations
1. Naturalistic or Observational Studies• (correlational studies; studies with quasi-
experimental designs)
A. Characteristics of correlational studies
B. Relationships/Causalitye.g. Harvard students/SATe.g. TV watching and aggression in children (see
next slide)
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TV and aggression
• Headlines:“TV Time Yields Violence” (The Boston Globe)
“Just an hour of TV time a day leads to violence” (Reuters)
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Relationships/Causality
• Three ways that relationships can work:1. TV causes aggression2. Aggression causes TV watching
(e.g. no friends, time to kill)
3. Third variable causes them both
Example: health of babies born to smoking and nonsmoking parents
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Classic Experimental Studies
Need to meet two conditions:1. Random assignment to groups
2. Experimental control
Steps to design an experimental study1. Operationalize independent and dependent
variables
2. Randomly assign participants to groups
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Classic Experimental Studies
Conclusions/limitations:
1. Greatest strength is causality
2. Main problem is inability to use random assignment
3. generalizability
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Single Subject Design
(Case studies and within subject designs)1. Case studies
• Used to figure out what might be important• Used when situation or disorder is very rare
2. Single subject designs• Used to assess change in behavior related
to an intervention• A – B – A –B design
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Time Frame of Studies
1. Cross sectional research• Cheaper, easier but can’t look at change over
time
2. Prospective longitudinal design• Capture developmental processes but time-
consuming
3. Accelerated longitudinal design• Cohort sequential design
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Pedro-Carroll & Cowan divorce intervention study
Intro.:• Establishes importance of research• Reviews prior research• Highlights gaps, builds
Didn’t address developmental impact of divorceDoesn’t address divorce vs. prior conditionsWhy chose particular areas??
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Divorce intervention study cont’
Methods:strengths:
1. Low dropout rate2. Control group and random assignment3. Range of sources of info./measurements
weaknesses:1. Expectancy effects2. Variability in post divorce time3. No attention control group – reactivity?4. No info. on measures used
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Review for exam
Know everything• Developmental psychopathology model• Risk/resilience/protective factors• Several questions on research methods and
interpretation of findings– Be able to design a study– Be able to interpret results from each method (what
can you know and not)• Divorce article and discussion in class• Importance of development in child
psychopathology