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Consolidated unofficial GM to Annex I (Definitions)
Page 1
European Aviation Safety Agency
Guidance Material (GM) to Annex I – Definitions
for terms used in
Annexes II – VIII
Consolidated version including Amendment 21
20 February 2015
1 For the date of entry into force of Amendment 2, refer to Decision 2015/002/R in the Official
Publication of the Agency.
Consolidated unofficial GM to Annex I (Definitions)
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Disclaimer
This consolidated document containing GM to Annex I (Definitions) to Commission Regulation (EU)
No 965/2012 on air operations includes the initial issue of and all subsequent amendments to the
GM associated with this Annex.
It is an unofficial courtesy document, intended for the easy use of stakeholders, and is meant purely
as a documentation tool. The Agency does not assume any liability for its contents.
The official documents can be found at http://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/official-
publication.
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
SUMMARY OF AMENDMENTS
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Summary of amendments
Chapter Action Amdt. no.
Amended by Regulation / ED Decision
GM 11 Annex I New 2 Reg. (EU) 2015/140 (Sterile flight deck procedures);
ED Decision 2015/002/R
Annex I – the title Amended 1 Reg. (EU) 800/2013 (NCC, NCO);
ED Decision 2013/017/R GM1 Annex I Amended
GM2 Annex I Amended
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of contents
GM1 Annex I Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 5
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND GUIDANCE MATERIAL .......... 5
GM2 Annex I Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 6
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................... 6
GM3 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 17
HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (HEMS) FLIGHT....................................................................... 17
GM4 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 17
HEAD-UP GUIDANCE LANDING SYSTEM (HUDLS) ............................................................................................ 17
GM5 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 18
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................. 18
GM6 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 18
NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) ......................................................................................................... 18
GM7 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 18
OFFSHORE OPERATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 18
GM8 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 18
PUBLIC INTEREST SITE ..................................................................................................................................... 18
GM9 Annex I Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 18
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 18
GM10 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 18
V1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
GM11 Annex I Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 18
TASK SPECIALISTS ............................................................................................................................................ 18
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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GM to Annex I
Definitions for terms used in Annexes II-VIII
GM1 Annex I Definitions
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND GUIDANCE MATERIAL
For the purpose of Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012, the following definitions should apply:
(a) ‘Committal point’ means the point in the approach at which the pilot flying decides that, in the event of an engine failure being recognised, the safest option is to continue to the elevated final approach and take-off area (elevated FATO).
(b) ‘Emergency locator transmitter’ is a generic term describing equipment that broadcasts distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be activated by impact or may be manually activated.
(c) ‘Exposure time’ means the actual period during which the performance of the helicopter with the critical engine inoperative in still air does not guarantee a safe forced landing or the safe continuation of the flight.
(d) ‘Fail-operational flight control system’ means a flight control system with which, in the event of a failure below alert height, the approach, flare and landing can be completed automatically. In the event of a failure, the automatic landing system will operate as a fail-passive system.
(e) ‘Fail-operational hybrid landing system’ means a system that consists of a primary fail-passive automatic landing system and a secondary independent guidance system enabling the pilot to complete a landing manually after failure of the primary system.
(f) ‘Fail-passive flight control system’: a flight control system is fail-passive if, in the event of a failure, there is no significant out-of-trim condition or deviation of flight path or attitude but the landing is not completed automatically. For a fail-passive automatic flight control system the pilot assumes control of the aeroplane after a failure.
(g) ‘Flight control system’ in the context of low visibility operations means a system that includes an automatic landing system and/or a hybrid landing system.
(h) ‘HEMS dispatch centre’ means a place where, if established, the coordination or control of the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) flight takes place. It may be located in a HEMS operating base.
(i) ‘Hybrid head-up display landing system (hybrid HUDLS)’ means a system that consists of a primary fail-passive automatic landing system and a secondary independent HUD/HUDLS enabling the pilot to complete a landing manually after failure of the primary system.
(j) ‘Landing distance available (LDAH)’ means the length of the final approach and take-off area plus any additional area declared available by the State of the aerodrome and suitable for helicopters to complete the landing manoeuvre from a defined height.
(k) ‘Landing distance required (LDRH)’, in the case of helicopters, means the horizontal distance required to land and come to a full stop from a point 15 m (50 ft) above the landing surface.
(l) ‘Maximum structural landing mass’ means the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass upon landing under normal circumstances.
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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(m) ‘Maximum zero fuel mass’ means the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel. The mass of the fuel contained in particular tanks should be included in the zero fuel mass when it is explicitly mentioned in the aircraft flight manual.
(n) ‘Overpack’, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means an enclosure used by a single shipper to contain one or more packages and to form one handling unit for convenience of handling and stowage.
(o) ‘Package’, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means the complete product of the packing operation consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared for transport.
(p) ‘Packaging’, for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment function.
(q) ‘Personal locator beacon (PLB)’ is an emergency beacon other than an ELT that broadcasts distinctive signals on designated frequencies, is standalone, portable and is manually activated by the survivors.
(r) ‘Rotation point (RP)’ means the point at which a cyclic input is made to initiate a nose-down attitude change during the take-off flight path. It is the last point in the take-off path from which, in the event of an engine failure being recognised, a forced landing on the aerodrome can be achieved.
(s) ‘Touch down and lift-off area (TLOF)’ means a load-bearing area on which a helicopter may touch down or lift off.
GM2 Annex I Definitions
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
The following abbreviations and acronyms are used in the Annexes to this Regulation:
A aeroplane
a/c aircraft
AAC aeronautical administrative communications
AAL above aerodrome level
AC advisory circular
AC alternating current
ACAS airborne collision avoidance system
ADF automatic direction finder
ADG air driven generator
ADS automatic dependent surveillance
ADS-B automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast
ADS-C automatic dependent surveillance - contract
AEA Association of European Airlines
AEO all-engines-operative
AFFF aqueous film forming foams
AFM aircraft flight manual
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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AFN aircraft flight notification
AFN ATS facilities notification
AGL above ground level
AHRS attitude heading reference system
AIS aeronautical information service
ALARP as low as reasonably practicable
ALSF approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance
AML aircraft maintenance licence
AMSL above mean sea level
ANP actual navigation performance
AOC aeronautical operational control
AOC air operator certificate
APU auxiliary power unit
APV approach procedure with vertical guidance
ARA airborne radar approach
ARA Authority Requirements for Aircrew
ARO Authority Requirements for Air Operations
ARP Aerospace Recommended Practices
ASC Air Safety Committee
ASDA accelerate-stop distance available
ASE altimeter system error
ATA Air Transport Association
ATC air traffic control
ATIS automatic terminal information service
ATN air traffic navigation
ATPL airline transport pilot licence
ATQP alternative training and qualification programme
ATS air traffic services
ATSC air traffic service communication
AVGAS aviation gasoline
AVTAG aviation turbine gasoline (wide-cut fuel)
AWO all weather operations
BALS basic approach lighting system
BCAR British civil airworthiness requirements
BITD basic instrument training device
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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CAP controller access parameters
CAT commercial air transport
CAT I / II / III category I / II / III
CBT computer-based training
CC cabin crew
CDFA continuous descent final approach
CDL configuration deviation list
CFIT controlled flight into terrain
CG centre of gravity
CM context management
CMV converted meteorological visibility
CofA certificate of airworthiness
COP code of practice
CoR certificate of registration
COSPAS-SARSAT cosmicheskaya sistyema poiska avariynich sudov - search and rescue satellite-aided tracking
CP committal point
CPA closest point of approach
CPDLC controller pilot data link communication
CPL commercial pilot licence
C-PED controlled portable electronic device
CRE class rating examiner
CRI class rating instructor
CRM crew resource management
CS Certification Specifications
CVR cockpit voice recorder
DA decision altitude
DA/H decision altitude/height
DAP downlinked aircraft parameters
D-ATIS digital automatic terminal information service
DC direct current
DCL departure clearance
D-FIS data link flight information service
DG dangerous goods
DH decision height
DI daily inspection
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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DIFF deck integrated fire fighting system
DLR data link recorder
DME distance measuring equipment
D-METAR data link - meteorological aerodrome report
D-OTIS data link - operational terminal information service
DPATO defined point after take-off
DPBL defined point before landing
DR decision range
DSTRK desired track
EC European Community
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
EFB electronic flight bag
EFIS electronic flight instrument system
EGNOS European geostationary navigation overlay service
EGT exhaust gas temperature
ELT emergency locator transmitter
ELT(AD) emergency locator transmitter (automatically deployable)
ELT(AF) emergency locator transmitter (automatic fixed)
ELT(AP) emergency locator transmitter (automatic portable)
ELT(S) survival emergency locator transmitter
EPE estimated position of error
EPR engine pressure ratio
EPU estimated position of uncertainty
ERA en-route alternate (aerodrome)
ERP emergency response plan
ETOPS extended range operations with two-engined aeroplanes
EU European Union
EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
EVS enhanced vision system
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FAF final approach fix
FALS full approach lighting system
FANS future air navigation systems
FAP final approach point
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation
FATO final approach and take-off
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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FC flight crew
FCL flight crew licensing
FCOM flight crew operating manual
FDM flight data monitoring
FDO flying display operation
FDR flight data recorder
FFS full flight simulator
FGS flight control/guidance system
FI flight instructor
FLIPCY flight plan consistency
FLTA forward-looking terrain avoidance
FMECA failure mode, effects and criticality analysis
FMS flight management system
FNPT flight and navigation procedures trainer
FOD foreign object damage
fpm feet per minute
FSTD flight simulation training device
ft feet
FTD flight training device
FTE full time equivalent
FTL flight and duty time limitations
g gram
GAGAN GPS aided geo augmented navigation
GBAS ground-based augmentation system
GCAS ground collision avoidance system
GEN general
GIDS ground ice detection system
GLS GBAS landing system
GM Guidance Material
GMP general medical practitioner
GNSS global navigation satellite system
GPS global positioning system
GPWS ground proximity warning system
H helicopter
HEMS helicopter emergency medical service
HF high frequency
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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Hg mercury
HHO helicopter hoist operation
HIALS high intensity approach lighting system
HIGE hover in ground effect
HLL helideck limitations list
HOGE hover out of ground effect
HoT hold-over time
hPa hectopascals
HPL human performance and limitations
HUD head-up display
HUDLS head-up guidance landing system
HUMS health usage monitor system
IAF initial approach fix
IALS intermediate approach lighting system
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IDE instruments, data and equipment
IF intermediate fix
IFR instrument flight rules
IFSD in-flight shutdown
IGE in ground effect
ILS instrument landing system
IMC instrument meteorological conditions
in inches
INS inertial navigation system
IP intermediate point
IR Implementing Rule
IR instrument rating
IRS inertial reference system
ISA international standard atmosphere
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IV intravenous
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR Joint Aviation Requirements
kg kilograms
km kilometres
kt knots
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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LDA landing distance available
LDP landing decision point
LED light-emitting diode
LHS left hand seat
LIFUS line flying under supervision
LNAV lateral navigation
LoA letter of acceptance
LOC localiser
LOE line-oriented evaluation
LOFT line-oriented flight training
LOQE line-oriented quality evaluation
LOS limited obstacle surface
LPV localiser performance with vertical guidance
LRCS long range communication system
LRNS long range navigation system
LVO low visibility operation
LVP low visibility procedures
LVTO low visibility take-off
m metres
MALS medium intensity approach lighting system
MALSF medium intensity approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights
MALSR medium intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights
MAPt missed approach point
MCTOM maximum certified take-off mass
MDA minimum descent altitude
MDH minimum descent height
MEA minimum en-route altitude
MED medical
MEL minimum equipment list
METAR meteorological aerodrome report
MGA minimum grid altitude
MHA minimum holding altitude
MHz megahertz
MID midpoint
MLR manuals, logs and records
MLS microwave landing system
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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MLX millilux
mm millimetres
MM multi-mode
MMEL master minimum equipment list
MNPS minimum navigation performance specifications
MOC minimum obstacle clearance
MOCA minimum obstacle clearance altitude
MOPSC maximum operational passenger seating configuration
MORA minimum off-route altitude
MPSC maximum passenger seating capacity
MSA minimum sector altitude
MSAS multi-functional satellite augmentation system
MTCA minimum terrain clearance altitude
N North
NADP noise abatement departure procedure
NALS no approach lighting system
NCC non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft
NCO non-commercial operations with other-than-complex motor-powered aircraft
NF free power turbine speed
NG engine gas generator speed
NM nautical miles
NOTAM notice to airmen
NOTECHS non-technical skills evaluation
NOTOC notification to captain
NPA non-precision approach
NPA Notice of Proposed Amendment
NVD night vision device
NVG night vision goggles
NVIS night vision imaging system
OAT outside air temperature
OCH obstacle clearance height
OCL oceanic clearance
ODALS omnidirectional approach lighting system
OEI one-engine-inoperative
OFS obstacle-free surface
OGE out of ground effect
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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OIP offset initiation point
OM operations manual
OML operational multi-pilot limitation
ONC operational navigation chart
OPS operations
ORO Organisation Requirements for Air Operations
OTS CAT II other than standard category II
PAPI precision approach path indicator
PAR precision approach radar
PBE protective breathing equipment
PBN performance-based navigation
PCDS personnel carrying device system
PDA premature descent alert
PDP predetermined point
PED portable electronic device
PIC pilot-in-command
PIN personal identification number
PIS public interest site
PLB personal locator beacon
PNR point of no return
POH pilot’s operating handbook
PRM person with reduced mobility
QAR quick access recorder
QFE atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation / runway threshold
QNH atmospheric pressure at nautical height
RA resolution advisory
RAT ram air turbine
RCC rescue coordination centre
RCF reduced contingency fuel
RCLL runway centre line lights
RF fixed radius
RF radio frequency
RFC route facility chart
RI ramp inspection
RI rectification interval
RIE rectification interval extension
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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RMA regional monitoring agency
RNAV area navigation
RNP required navigation performance
ROD rate of descent
RP rotation point
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
RTODAH rejected take-off distance available (helicopters)
RTODRH rejected take-off distance required (helicopters)
RTOM reduced take-off mass
RTZL runway touchdown zone lights
RVR runway visual range
RVSM reduced vertical separation minima
S South
SAFA safety assessment of foreign aircraft
SALS simple approach lighting system
SALSF simple approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights
SAp stabilised approach
SAP system access parameters
SAR search and rescue
SAS stability augmentation system
SBAS satellite-based augmentation system
SCC senior cabin crew
SCP special category of passenger
SDCM system of differential correction and monitoring
SFE synthetic flight examiner
SFI synthetic flight instructor
SID standard instrument departure
SMM safety management manual
SMS safety management system
SNAS satellite navigation augmentation system
SOP standard operating procedure
SPA operations requiring specific approvals
SPECI aviation selected special weather report
SPO specialised operations
SRA surveillance radar approach
SSALF simplified short approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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SSALR simplified short approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights
SSALS simplified short approach lighting system
SSEC static source error correction
SSR secondary surveillance radar
STAR standard terminal arrival route
STC supplemental type certificate
TA traffic advisory
TAC terminal approach chart
TAS true airspeed
TAWS terrain awareness warning system
TC technical crew
TC type certificate
TCAS traffic collision avoidance system
TCCA Transport Canada Civil Aviation
TCH type certificate holder
TDP take-off decision point
TDZ touchdown zone
THR threshold
TI Technical Instructions
TIT turbine inlet temperature
TMG touring motor glider
TODA take-off distance available (aeroplanes)
TODAH take-off distance available (helicopters)
TODRH take-off distance required (helicopters)
TORA take-off run available
T-PED transmitting portable electronic device
TRE type rating examiner
TRI type rating instructor
TSE total system error
TVE total vertical error
TWIP terminal weather information for pilots
UMS usage monitoring system
UTC coordinated universal time
V2 take-off safety speed
V50 stalling speed
VAT indicated airspeed at threshold
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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VDF VHF direction finder
VFR visual flight rules
VHF very high frequency
VIS visibility
VMC visual meteorological conditions
VMO maximum operating speed
VNAV vertical navigation
VOR VHF omnidirectional radio range
VT threshold speed
VTOL vertical take-off and landing
VTOSS take-off safety speed
WAAS wide area augmentation system
WAC world aeronautical chart
WIFI wireless fidelity
ZFTT zero flight-time training
GM3 Annex I Definitions
HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (HEMS) FLIGHT
(a) A HEMS flight (or more commonly referred to as HEMS mission) normally starts and ends at the HEMS operating base following tasking by the ‘HEMS dispatch centre’. Tasking can also occur when airborne, or on the ground at locations other than the HEMS operating base.
(b) The following elements should be regarded as integral parts of the HEMS mission:
(1) flights to and from the HEMS operating site when initiated by the HEMS dispatch centre;
(2) flights to and from an aerodrome/operating site for the delivery or pick-up of medical supplies and/or persons required for completion of the HEMS mission; and
(3) flights to and from an aerodrome/operating site for refuelling required for completion of the HEMS mission.
GM4 Annex I Definitions
HEAD-UP GUIDANCE LANDING SYSTEM (HUDLS)
A HUDLS is typically used for primary approach guidance to decision heights of 50 ft.
GM TO ANNEX I (DEFINITIONS)
DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ANNEXES II-VIII
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GM5 Annex I Definitions
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT
The open sea areas considered to constitute a hostile environment should be designated by the appropriate authority in the appropriate Aeronautical Information Publication or other suitable documentation.
GM6 Annex I Definitions
NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS)
Helicopter components of the NVIS include the radio altimeter, visual warning system and audio warning system.
GM7 Annex I Definitions
OFFSHORE OPERATIONS
Offshore operations include, but are not limited to, support of offshore oil, gas and mineral exploitation and sea-pilot transfer.
GM8 Annex I Definitions
PUBLIC INTEREST SITE
An example of a public interest sites is a landing site based at a hospital located in a hostile environment in a congested area, which due to its size or obstacle environment does not allow the application of performance class 1 requirements that would otherwise be required for operations in a congested hostile environment.
GM9 Annex I Definitions
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS
The ICAO document number for the Technical Instructions is Doc 9284-AN/905.
GM10 Annex I Definitions
V1
The first action includes for example: apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes.
GM11 Annex I Definitions
TASK SPECIALISTS
For the purpose of this Regulation, persons that are carried in a specialised operation, e.g. on a parachute flight, sensational flight or scientific research flight, are considered to be task specialists.