ANKARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES

Res. Assist. Dürdane Polat

«The Historical and Cultural Heritage of Turkiye and Ankara – Potentialities for Historical Recreation»

« O Património Histórico-Cultural da Turquia e Ankara – Potencialidades para a Recriação

Histórica»

1st Project MeetingComenius 2.1

“Historical Recreation as a Pedagogical Project”Lagos, 29 October-01November 2006

«The Historical and Cultural Heritage of Turkiye and Ankara – Potentialities for

Historical Recreation»

• General Introduction of Turkiye

• Turkish Culture

• Ankara

• Central Anatolia– Gordion– Cappadocia

TURKIYE

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1 . MARMARA REGION

2 . EAGEAN REGION

3 . MEDITARIEN REGION

4 . CENTER ANATOLIAN REGION

5 . BLACK SEA REGION

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6 . EAST ANATOLIAN REGION

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7 . SOUTH-EAST ANATOLIAN REGION

REGIONSREGIONS

ANKARA

TURKIYE

• OFFICIAL NAME: The Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)

• CAPITAL: ANKARA

• POPULATION: 67.8 million (as of 2002)

• LANGUAGE: Turkish (uses Latin Alphabet)

• CURRENCY: New Turkish Lira (YTL)

TURKIYE IS A NEW COUNTRY in an old land.

The modern Turkish state had developed in the late nineteenth century.

The earliest settlements in Anatolia date from the Palaeolithic age.

Anatolia is a bridge connecting the Middle East and Europe, and it shares in the history of both those parts of the world.

The history of Turkiye encompasses,

- the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks and of the civilizations,Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine

-it includes the history of the Turkish peoples, including the Seljuks, who brought Islam and the Turkish language to Anatolia

- it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a vast, cosmopolitan, pan-Islamic state that developed from a small Turkish amirate in Anatolia and that for centuries was a world power

The Turkish cuisine is very rich. In Turkey you will find a lot of tea gardens, restaurants, bars and discos.

Turkiye has been a cradle of many different cultures and civilizations and has served as a bridge between eastern and western cultures.

Turkish culture is an immense mixture partly produced by the rich history.

The original lands of Turks is Central Asia, bordering China.

From this location, they were forced to move west for various reasons more than a thousand years ago.

On the way to Anatolia they have interacted with chinese, indian, middle eastern, European and Anatolian civilizations, and today's Turkish culture carries motives from each one of these diverse cultures.

Folk dances

• Folk dances are performed at weddings, engagement ceremonies, when sending young men off to perform their military service, at national and religious festivals.

• Dances are generally performed in

all suitable open areas, but may also be performed in close areas as well.

• People who enjoy reputations as good folk dancers are especially invited to wedding ceremonies.

Area: 30.715 km² Population: 3.236.626 (1990)Traffic Code: 06

The history of Ankara and its surroundings stretches back to the Hatti civilisation of the Bronze Age.

Two thousand years before the time of Jesus, the Hittites (the dominant power of the region),

and were then followed by the

Phyrgians, Lydians andPersians.

In the 3rd Century BC, a Celtic race known as the Galatians made Ankara their capital city.

The name Ankara comes from the word 'Ancyra', which means 'anchor.'

The Galatians were the first used Ankara as a capital city.

Although it is known to have been a small settlement during the Hittite period, no artifacts belonging to this period have been found.

After the Phyrgians, the city was occupied respectively by the Persians, Alexander the Great, and the Galatians.

In 25 B.C., the Emperor Augustus annexed the city and its Galatians kingdom.

In the 4th century A.D. (Anno Domini), there was a surge in Christianity in this region, where Saint Paul is said to have started the church.

The 7th and 8th centuries saw the rise of Islam, and the city suffered many raids by the Persians and Arabs.

The outer walls of the castle were built during this time.

Between 871-893, Turks and Crusaders took turns occupying the city but in 1127 A.D. the city was brought under the domination of the Turks and given the name Enguriye.

In 1402 as a result of the battle between Yıldırım Beyazıt and Tamerlane, the city was briefly in the hands of the Mongols.

In 1414, however, it came under the rule of the Ottomans.

The oldest parts of the city surround the Castle.

Near the gate of the castle there is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.

It contains priceless artifacts belonging to the Palaeolithic and Neolithic eras as well as the Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu and Roman civilizations.

GORDION

Established near a small Village (Yassıhöyük) in 1963.

Gordion has a rich history, which spans several civilizations – from the Bronze Age to the Hittite, Phrygian, Persian, Greek and Roman periods.

Phrygian Monumental Tombs      

The Gordion region is surrounded with different sized monumental tombs dated from the last quarter of 8 BC to the Middle of 6 BC.

Monumental tombs are the tombs of the nobles and leading people of Phyrigia.

Kayabaşı mosaic

• The Roman Period mosaic dated III. A.C.

The galat tomb “Monumental Tomb O”

The tomb which was found out in 1954, was called by Gordion Excavation Group then as the “O” Monumental Tomb.

The settlement of Anique Gordion

The capital of the Kingdom of Phrygia, the ruins of the famous city of Gordion; are near the Ankara.

The finding that were found out during German and American excavations and that were introduced in different publishing, makes the history of the settlement go back to the Previous Bronze Age (3000 B.C.).

The Hellenistic Period started in Gordion after the conquest of the city by Alexander the Great (300-100 B.C.).

Then the Roman Period (1 B.C. – 4 B.C.) and

the Seljuk period (11-13 A.C.) started.

All of these happened in Gordion in a short period of more than 400 years.

It's name was probably derived from Katpatuka, land of the beautiful horses, in Hittite language.

Cappadocia is generally regarded as the plains and the mountainous region of eastern central Anatolia.

Cappadocia

It was here that several ancient highways crossed and different cultures came into contact with each other.

It was also the land of the Hittites. The sparsely inhabited landscape of Cappadocia is characterized by red sandstone and salt deposits of the Miocene (Tertiary) period.

The origins of this unusual region can be traced to the Tertiary period some 50 million years ago, when craters and chimneys dominated the landscape.

Since then huge quantities of volcanic material have spewed out of the many volcanoes.

Forces of erosion have shaped the incredible and unique Cappadocian tuff-coned landscape.

For hundreds of years men have dug into the soft but firm tuff to create dwellings, monasteries, churches and underground cities.

The history of Cappadocia began in prehistoric times.

Hatti culture (2500-2000 BC.) had its way during the Bronze Age and in about the 2nd Millennium BC. the Hittites settled in the region.

Once Asia Minor came under Christian influence, the first Christian communities appeared in Cappadocia and those persecuted for their religious beliefs elsewhere sought refuge in the region.

Cappadocia thus became a melting pot of a variety of ethnic groups, all of which have influenced the culture and religious beliefs.

• Schools would be a place of active learning

• Combining the theory and practice in teacher training process would lead to more qualified teachers

• Citizenship training for the participation and preservation of cultural and historical heritage of the community would be possible

• Teachers could be aware of “historical recreation” as a new methodology in teaching

BEST WISHES FROM TURKEY.....