animals and their ecology i. introduction a. general characteristics
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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ANIMALS and THEIR ECOLOGY
I. IntroductionA. General
Characteristics
1. Heterotrophic 2. Multi-
cellular3. Tissue Level Organization
5. Able to move
4. Store glucose as Glycogen
6. Growth phases and Fixed size as an adult
7. Practice SEX
B. Adaptations
1. Skeleton
2. Specialized Proteins for Contraction
3. Nervous Tissue
5. Strategies for Ingestion
4. Specialized Mouth Parts
The main mechanisms for animal ingestion are
suspension,
substrate,
fluid,
and bulk feeders.
Strategies for bulk ingestion. Herbivo
re,,
Carnivore,
and Omnivore.
II. Adapting SystemsA. Gas
Exchange
1. Definition2. Forces
Moving O2 into a body and CO2 out of a bodyConcentration Gradient and Simple
Diffusion
a. Direct
3. Strategies
b. Gills passive
b. Gills ram vs. gulping
b. Gills
c. Tracheal
direct vs. air sacs vs. tubular
c. Tracheal
direct vs. air sacs vs. tubular
c. Tracheal
direct vs. air sacs vs. tubular
positive vs. negative
B. Temperature Regulation
1. Problems
1. Problems
2. Surface to Volume Ratio
2. Surface to Volume Ratio
3. Energy Budgets
4. Strategies (Ectotherm vs. Endotherm)a.
PoikliothermyRegulate body temperature by external meansFish
,
4. Strategies (Ectotherm vs. Endotherm)a.
PoikliothermyRegulate body temperature by external meansAmphibia
ns,
4. Strategies (Ectotherm vs. Endotherm)a.
PoikliothermyRegulate body temperature by external meansReptiles, and most
invertebrates
b. Homeothermy
Regulate body temperature by internal meansBird
s
b. Homeothermy
Regulate body temperature by internal meansMamma
ls
b. Homeothermy
Regulate body temperature by internal meansMammals
c. Heterothermy
Regulate body temperature by both methodsBats, Hummingbirds,
and Bees
4. Solutionsa. Shifting
BloodDilate or Constrict
& Counter Current
b. Behavior
c. Metabolism
Torpor vs. Hibernation
C. Water Regulation
1. Sourcesa. Drinking &
Eating
b. Metabolic
2. Lossesa. Evaporative
Coolingb. Functional Losses
i. Respiratory Lossesii. Digestive Lossesiii. Urinary Lossesiv. Regulatory Losses
3. Preventiona. Outer
Covering
b. Specialized Glands
c. Salt Balance & Life Style
c. Salt Balance & Life Style
Tardigrada or Water bear
D. Waste Removal
1. ProcessesFiltration, Reabsorption, Secretion, &
Excretion
2. Cost vs. H2O losses
3. Other Strategiesa. Flame
CellsAdvantage vs. Disadvantage
b. Malpighian Tubes
Advantage vs. Disadvantage
4. Other Systems
a. Integumentary (skin)
b. Digestive
c. Respiratory
E. Rhythms
1. Types
a. Circadian
b. Light and Dark
c. Reproductive
2. Why?
Life offers few multiple choice questions, choose wisely.