Animal ScienceMr. Chad Warnick

Skeleton: Overview The skeletal system consists of the bones and

joints along with the cartilage and ligaments that occur at the joints.

Bones: Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells

Ligaments: Strong, white bands of tissue that connect two bones together at a joint

Skeleton: Overview Cartilage: Hard tissue that prevents

bones from grinding against each other.

Joints: Location of where two or more bones meet.

Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

1. Functions of the Skeleton The skeleton supports the body.The skeleton protects soft body parts.The skeleton produces blood cells. The skeleton stores minerals and fats.The skeleton (along with the muscles) permits

flexible body movements.

2. Classification of bonesBones are classified according to their shape.

Long (Longer then they are wide)Short (Cube shapes, about equal lengths and

widths)Flat (Platelike and have a broad suface)Irregular (Varied shapes with many

connections)Round (Circular shape)

2. Classification of bonesLong Bones- Longer then they are

wide) Longest bones providing support

for the body giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to stand and move.

EX: Canon Bone, Pelvic, Ribs

2. Classification of bonesShort Bones- (Cube shapted;

lengths and widths are about equal. Found in the joints and serve as

hinges. They help cushion shock and protect long bones.

Example:Hoofs & Feet

2. Classification of bonesFlat Bones (Platelike and have

broad surfaces)

EX: Skull

2. Classification of bonesIrregular Bones- (Varied shapes

with many places for connections with other bones)

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

3. Anatomy of a Long BonePeriosteum

Outer layerCushions the hard

portion of the boneRepair of broken

bones

3. Anatomy of a Long BoneCompact Bone

Beneath periosteumLayer of hard mineral matter CalciumGives bones strength

3. Anatomy of a Long BoneSpongy Bone

Inside hard outer layerFills ends of bonesLines hollow portions

3. Anatomy of a Long BoneRed marrow

Inside cavities of spongy bone

Formation of red blood cells

3. Anatomy of a Long BoneYellow marrow

Located inside hollow portion

Fat storage cellsEnergy storage

4. Axial and Appendicular SkeletonThe skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton

and the appendicular skeleton

Important Terms Related to the SkeletonSkeletons can be divided into

two sections, which include

a. Axial Skeleton.

b. Appendicular skeleton

4. Axial and SkeletonThe axial skeleton lies in the midline of the

body and contains the bones of the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. (Colored Orange)

Vertebrae are divided into five regions

Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck from the skull to the first rib.

4. Appendicular SkeletonContains the bones of the fore and rear limbs.

5. Joints Bones are joined together at joints.

In most instances bones can articulate at the joints.

Classified by the way they move.

5. Joints Joints

serve as hinges for the skeletal system.

5. Joints There are 4 types of joints we will discuss:

HingeKnee

Ball and SocketHip

GlidingVertebrae

Fixed ( Cartliaginous)Skull

5. Joints - Hinge

Formation of BonesBone is comprised of:

26% minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)

50% is water4% is fat20% is protein

Bone requires adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals in the ration.

Choose a species

Horse Skeleton

Chicken Skeleton

Horse Skeleton

Unlabeled Horse Skeleton

Skeleton of a Cow

Skeleton of a Cow

1. Cannon 8. Shoulder joint2. Knee joint 9. Shoulder blade3. Radius 10. Eye socket 4. Sternum 11. Horn cones5. Elbow joint 12. Cervical vertebrae6. Ulna 13. Dorsal vertebrae7. Humerus

Skeleton of a Cow

14. Lumber vertebrae 20. Knee joint 15. Sacrum 21. Tibia16. Hip Bone 22. Hock joint 17. Caudal vertebrae 23. Ribs18. Hip Joint 24. Pasterns 19. Femur 25. Coronary

Skeleton of a Horse

1. Thoracic vertebrae 9. Tibia2. Lumbar vertebrae 10. Fibula3. Sacrum 11. Tarsus4. Shaft of Ilium 12. Metatarsus5. Coccygeal vertebrae 13. Stifle6. Hip joint 14. Pubis7. Femur 15. False ribs8. Patella 16. True ribs

Skeleton of a Horse17. Proximal sesamoid bones 25. Elbow joint18. Ulna 26. Sternum19. Coffin joint 27. Humerus20. Pastern joint 28. Shoulder joint21. Fetlock joint 29. Scapula22. Metacarpus 30. Mandible23. Carpus 31. Facial bones24. Radius 32. Cranial bones

33. Cervical vertebrae

Skeleton of a Fowl1. Incisive 7. Scapula2. Nasal 8. Fused Ribs3. Occipital 9. Ilium4. Ulula 10. Pygostyle5. Ulna 11. Ischium6. Radius 12. Pubis

Skeleton of a Fowl

13. Femur 19. Coracoid14. Fibula 20. Clavicle15. Tibia 21. Cervical vertebrae16. Metatarsus 22. Mandible17. Sternum 23. Humerus18. Patella

Horse Skeleton

Chicken Skeleton