animal science ii- small animal unit b- the small animal care industry

Animal Science II- Small Animal Science II- Small AnimalAnimal

Unit B- The Small Animal Care Unit B- The Small Animal Care IndustryIndustry

Essential Standard 3.00Essential Standard 3.00

Discuss the importance of the Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.small animal industry.

Objective 3.01Objective 3.01

Discuss careers and skills needed for Discuss careers and skills needed for employment in the small animal care employment in the small animal care industry.industry.

AssignmentAssignment

Title your notes today Small Animal Title your notes today Small Animal IndustryIndustry

Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can benefit society in general. Put a few can benefit society in general. Put a few of your own ideas in you notebook.of your own ideas in you notebook.

Benefits of Small AnimalsBenefits of Small Animals

EconomicEconomic $38.5 billion to national economy (2006)$38.5 billion to national economy (2006)

Companions to 60% of American Companions to 60% of American FamiliesFamilies

Children learn responsibilityChildren learn responsibility Improves quality of life for elderlyImproves quality of life for elderly

Product testingProduct testing Develop drugs and vaccinesDevelop drugs and vaccines

Hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccines Hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccines



Pet therapyPet therapy Relieve depressionRelieve depression Reduces heart diseaseReduces heart disease

Watch dogs, police dogs, seeing eye Watch dogs, police dogs, seeing eye dogsdogs

Rabbit meatRabbit meat Low in cholesterol, sodium and fatLow in cholesterol, sodium and fat

Fur and woolFur and wool


ExhibitionExhibition Zoos, circus acts, etc.Zoos, circus acts, etc.

Rabbits provide multiple benefitsRabbits provide multiple benefits PetsPets FoodFood Clothing Clothing ResearchResearch

EconomicsEconomics

Retail pet stores 15,000-18,000 in the U.S.15,000-18,000 in the U.S.

Biomedical researchBiomedical research Supported by $15 billion in taxes and charitySupported by $15 billion in taxes and charity 65-100 million small animals65-100 million small animals

EducationEducation 6 million used for dissection6 million used for dissection

EconomicsEconomics

4 million small animals used in the LD50 4 million small animals used in the LD50 testtest

Americans spending on petsAmericans spending on pets $20.3 billion$20.3 billion

EconomicsEconomics

Veterinary expensesVeterinary expenses $9.2 billion annually$9.2 billion annually Supplies and OTC medicines $9.3 billionSupplies and OTC medicines $9.3 billion Grooming and Boarding $2.7 billionGrooming and Boarding $2.7 billion

Dogs require twice as much for Dogs require twice as much for veterinary care as catsveterinary care as cats

Pet food manufacturers produce $15.4 Pet food manufacturers produce $15.4 billion in sales (2006)billion in sales (2006)

General Pet OwnershipGeneral Pet Ownership

10 million more cats than dogs (81.7 to 72 10 million more cats than dogs (81.7 to 72 million)million)Each owner averages two catsEach owner averages two cats

More households have dogs (37.2%) than More households have dogs (37.2%) than cats (32.4%)cats (32.4%)

Fish, birds, and rabbits rank third, fourth, Fish, birds, and rabbits rank third, fourth, and fifth respectively.and fifth respectively.

Job TypesJob Types

Care and management industryCare and management industryPetsPetsLab animalsLab animalsZoo animalsZoo animalsHealthHealthTrainingTrainingBiological SciencesBiological Sciences

Food and equipment supplyFood and equipment supply

Job TypesJob Types

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology Pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchresearchHospitalsHospitalsUniversitiesUniversitiesDiagnostic LabsDiagnostic LabsPrivate firmsPrivate firms

Job TypesJob Types

ExhibitorsExhibitorsOperates animals actsOperates animals acts

CarnivalsCarnivalsCircusCircusFairs (Cleveland County Fair)Fairs (Cleveland County Fair)ZooZooMarine mammal displaysMarine mammal displays

Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs

1.1. Pet care workerPet care worker Boarding kennelsBoarding kennels Animal hospitalsAnimal hospitals SheltersShelters Pet storesPet stores Training schoolsTraining schools Pet grooming parlorsPet grooming parlors


2.2. Kennel attendantsKennel attendants Feeds and cares for animalsFeeds and cares for animals CleansCleans

3.3. Animal groomersAnimal groomers Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nailsBathes, brushes & trims hair and nails

4.4. Dog trainersDog trainers Teaches the dog to obey signals or Teaches the dog to obey signals or

commandscommands


5.5. Small Animal BreedersSmall Animal Breeders Raise & market fur-bearing animals, lab Raise & market fur-bearing animals, lab

animals, and supply animals for pet shopsanimals, and supply animals for pet shops Usually specialized for one breedUsually specialized for one breed

6.6. Pet shop owners and managersPet shop owners and managers7.7. DealersDealers

Sell lab animalsSell lab animals ResearchResearch EducationEducation


8.8. Veterinarians (DVM)Veterinarians (DVM) Control animal injuries and diseaseControl animal injuries and disease Disease preventionDisease prevention InspectionInspection

o Meat and animals productsMeat and animals products

SurgerySurgery Establish dietsEstablish diets Prescribe medicationsPrescribe medications


9.9. Vet. TechniciansVet. Technicians1.1. Assist veterinarians and other staffAssist veterinarians and other staff

Skills needed:Skills needed: Previous experience as a keeperPrevious experience as a keeper Part-time volunteer workPart-time volunteer work

SheltersShelters Pet shopsPet shops clinicsclinics


Discuss the importance of the Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.small animal industry.


Discuss medical terminology used by Discuss medical terminology used by those working in the veterinarian phase of those working in the veterinarian phase of the small animal care industrythe small animal care industry

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

Components of medical terminologyComponents of medical terminologyPrefixPrefix

Beginning of the word indicating:Beginning of the word indicating: NumberNumber LocationLocation TimeTime StatusStatus

Root wordsRoot wordsWord part that gives the fundamental meaning of a Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a

wordword

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

SuffixesSuffixesWord part at the end of a word indicating:Word part at the end of a word indicating:

ProcedureProcedureConditionConditionDiseaseDiseaseDisorderDisorder

Medical PrefixesMedical Prefixes

1.1. a-, an- without, lack ofa-, an- without, lack of Anemia- without bloodAnemia- without blood

2.2. anti- against, opposinganti- against, opposing Antiseptic- against infectionAntiseptic- against infection

3.3. bi- two, double, twicebi- two, double, twice Bilateral- two sidesBilateral- two sides

4.4. dys- painful, difficult, abnormaldys- painful, difficult, abnormal Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colonDysentery- abnormal infection of the colon

5.5. pre- beforepre- before Preoperative- before surgeryPreoperative- before surgery

Medical Root WordsMedical Root Words

1.1. carpcarp wristwrist

carpel- pertaining to the wrist carpel- pertaining to the wrist

2.2. cardicardi heartheart

cardiology- study of the heart cardiology- study of the heart

3.3. dorsdors backback

dorsal- relating to the backdorsal- relating to the back

Medical Root WordsMedical Root Words

4.4. dent, odontdent, odont teethteeth

dentist- person who works with teethdentist- person who works with teeth

5.5. GastrGastr stomachstomach

gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomachgastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach

6.6. GingivGingiv gumsgums

gingivitis- inflammation of the gumsgingivitis- inflammation of the gums

7.7. phleb, venphleb, ven veinvein

phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veinsphlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins

Medical SuffixesMedical Suffixes algiaalgia

PainPain arthralgia- painful jointsarthralgia- painful joints

centesiscentesis Procedure to remove fluidProcedure to remove fluid

Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladderCytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder itisitis

inflammationinflammation bronchitisbronchitis

rrhearrhea Flow or dischargeFlow or discharge

diarrheadiarrhea

Positional TerminologyPositional Terminology

Ventral-underside of the bodyVentral-underside of the bodyCranial-headCranial-headAnterior-front of the bodyAnterior-front of the bodyPosterior-rear of the bodyPosterior-rear of the bodyDorsal-backDorsal-backCaudal-tailCaudal-tail


Dorsal (frontal) plane-plane that divides Dorsal (frontal) plane-plane that divides the body into the dorsal (back) and ventral the body into the dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts(belly) parts


Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) plane-plane that divides the body into plane-plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.cranial and caudal parts.


Visit the following website to view a Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat DissectionVirtual Cat DissectionExternal Anatomy LinkExternal Anatomy Link

http://http://bio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htmbio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htm

General TerminologyGeneral Terminology

1.1. AntisepsisAntisepsis

2.2. BiopsyBiopsy

3.3. CatheterizationCatheterization

4.4. ClutchClutch


5.5. ColostrumColostrum

6.6. Contact transmissionContact transmission

7.7. EndogenousEndogenous

8.8. ExogenousExogenous

9.9. IncubationIncubation


10.10. Infectious diseaseInfectious disease

11.11. Pocket petsPocket pets

12.12. Preventative health care programsPreventative health care programs

13.13. QuarantineQuarantine

14.14. SpayingSpaying

15.15. NeuteringNeutering

16.16. ZoonosesZoonoses


Explore social issues related to Explore social issues related to working with small animals.working with small animals.


Summarize animal rights and animal Summarize animal rights and animal welfarewelfare

Animal RightsAnimal Rights

Not the same as animal welfare.Not the same as animal welfare.Media may wrongly use the two terms Media may wrongly use the two terms

interchangeably.interchangeably.

Modern Animal Rights MovementModern Animal Rights Movement

Over 400 animal rights groups exist todayOver 400 animal rights groups exist todayCame into prominence in the 1960s and Came into prominence in the 1960s and

1970s1970s Initially mainly made up of urban people, Initially mainly made up of urban people,

many of whom were vegetariansmany of whom were vegetarians

Animal Rights BeliefsAnimal Rights Beliefs

Animals have same rights as humans Animals have same rights as humans (humans are also animals).(humans are also animals).

Use of animals for human purpose is Use of animals for human purpose is wrong and suggests that humans are wrong and suggests that humans are superior to animals.superior to animals.

Animals should not be used for Animals should not be used for entertainment.entertainment.

Animal Rights BeliefsAnimal Rights Beliefs

Animals should not be used for:Animals should not be used for: FoodFood ClothingClothing Medical researchMedical research Product testingProduct testing

Ecoterrorism is often used to prevent Ecoterrorism is often used to prevent people from using animals.people from using animals.

PETAPETA

People for the Ethical Treatment of People for the Ethical Treatment of AnimalsAnimals

Largest animal rights group in the world Largest animal rights group in the world with over 800,000 memberswith over 800,000 members

Since 1980, it has been dedicated to Since 1980, it has been dedicated to establishing and protecting rights of establishing and protecting rights of animals.animals.

Animal WelfareAnimal Welfare

Animal domestication dates back to early Animal domestication dates back to early Chinese and Egyptian cultures.Chinese and Egyptian cultures.

Early U.S. used animals for food, clothing, Early U.S. used animals for food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and horsepower.shelter, transportation, and horsepower.

Animal Welfare (Religious)Animal Welfare (Religious)

Creation view that God gave man Creation view that God gave man dominion over animals including use and dominion over animals including use and carecareGenesis 1:26Genesis 1:26

Various religions use animal sacrifice and Various religions use animal sacrifice and detail how to humanely slaughter the detail how to humanely slaughter the animal.animal.

Animal Welfare (Legal)Animal Welfare (Legal)

Animal welfare influenced early laws.Animal welfare influenced early laws.Laws protecting animals were present Laws protecting animals were present

before the animal rights movement.before the animal rights movement.

Animal Welfare BeliefsAnimal Welfare Beliefs

Humane treatment of animalsHumane treatment of animalsProper housing and nutritionProper housing and nutritionProper care for disease prevention and Proper care for disease prevention and

treatment for injuriestreatment for injuriesEuthanasia or slaughter should be done in Euthanasia or slaughter should be done in

a humane way.a humane way.

The Vote?The Vote?

Do animals have rights?Do animals have rights?Should animals be used Should animals be used

for food?for food?Should animals be used Should animals be used

for experimentation?for experimentation?Should hunting and Should hunting and

trapping of animals be trapping of animals be allowed?allowed?


Demonstrate safe work habits and Demonstrate safe work habits and techniques used when working with small techniques used when working with small animals.animals.

ZoonosesZoonoses

A disease that can be transmitted from A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humansanimals to humans

Example: RabiesExample: Rabies

RabiesRabies

A viral diseaseA viral diseaseAffects the nervous systemAffects the nervous systemContracted by:Contracted by:

BitesBitesScratchesScratchesSalivaSaliva

RabiesRabies

Immunization is recommended when in Immunization is recommended when in doubtdoubt

93% of reported cases were in wild 93% of reported cases were in wild animalsanimals

Children ages 5-9 make up less than 9% Children ages 5-9 make up less than 9% of the population receive the most animal of the population receive the most animal bites (30%)bites (30%)

Most domestic animals are not infected if Most domestic animals are not infected if vaccinated regularlyvaccinated regularly

ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis

Disease from Disease from Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasma gondii parasite parasiteUsually carried by catsUsually carried by cats

Infected by ingesting contaminated miceInfected by ingesting contaminated miceSpread by:Spread by:

Cat fecesCat fecesContaminated cat litterContaminated cat litter

Affects those with suppressed immune Affects those with suppressed immune systemsystem

ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis

Concern for pregnant womenConcern for pregnant womenMiscarriageMiscarriagePremature babiesPremature babiesBlindness in babiesBlindness in babies

Prevention:Prevention:Disposable gloves when cleaning litter boxDisposable gloves when cleaning litter boxThoroughly washing handsThoroughly washing hands

RingwormRingworm

Fungal diseaseFungal disease Skin lesion: Skin lesion:

RoundRound Scaly and encrustedScaly and encrusted Loss of hair at siteLoss of hair at site

Spread by direct contactSpread by direct contact Indirectly by equipmentIndirectly by equipment Treatment:Treatment:

Iodine soap or antifungal drugsIodine soap or antifungal drugs

Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)

Contracted by caged birds such as Contracted by caged birds such as parrots, budgerigars, and related birdsparrots, budgerigars, and related birds

Transmitted through feces and fecal dustTransmitted through feces and fecal dustBacteriaBacteria

Prevention:Prevention:Wear dust maskWear dust maskEliminating mites and liceEliminating mites and liceSpraying disinfectants on bird feathersSpraying disinfectants on bird feathers

Cat-scratch feverCat-scratch fever

Non-seriousNon-seriousCat bites and scratchesCat bites and scratchesSymptoms:Symptoms:

Localized swelling and sorenessLocalized swelling and sorenessTreated with antibioticsTreated with antibioticsAffected area may be slow to healAffected area may be slow to heal

Cat-scratch feverCat-scratch fever

SamonellosisSamonellosis

Caused by the Caused by the SalmonellaSalmonella bacteria bacteriaChildren and elderly most at riskChildren and elderly most at riskSymptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:

Abdominal painAbdominal painVomitingVomitingDiarrhea for 4-7 daysDiarrhea for 4-7 days

Pet turtles and reptilesPet turtles and reptilesMost likely to infect humansMost likely to infect humans

StreptococcalStreptococcal

BacteriaBacteriaResults in sore throatResults in sore throatCan be transmitted by dogsCan be transmitted by dogsTreated with penicillinTreated with penicillin

Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverRocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Cause coagulation of the bloodCause coagulation of the bloodFeverFeverHeadachesHeadachesNausea & VomitingNausea & VomitingSkin rashSkin rashDeath if not treatedDeath if not treated

Primarily passed by the American dig tickPrimarily passed by the American dig tick6 other species can carry the disease6 other species can carry the disease

Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease

First case in 1969 in WisconsinFirst case in 1969 in WisconsinNamed in 1977Named in 1977

Lyme ConnecticutLyme ConnecticutChildren developed arthritic conditionChildren developed arthritic condition

Bacterial disease (Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferiBorrelia burgdurferi))Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 daysDistinctive skin lesion 3-32 days

Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease

Flu like symptomsFlu like symptomsPainful jointsPainful jointsFatigue may last for monthsFatigue may last for months

Can damage internal organs without Can damage internal organs without antibiotics used as treatmentantibiotics used as treatment

Vaccines can be administeredVaccines can be administered

ParasitesParasites

Gain subsistence from a host organismGain subsistence from a host organismCan be internal or externalCan be internal or externalChildren are most at risk because they Children are most at risk because they

play with animals and in the areas where play with animals and in the areas where animals have been.animals have been.

TicksTicks

Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted feverSpotted fever

Five species carry Lyme diseaseFive species carry Lyme disease

RoundwormsRoundworms

Ascarids (Toxocara species) & Ascarids (Toxocara species) & HookwormsHookworms

Affect dogs and catsAffect dogs and catsMay be passed to humansMay be passed to humans

FeverFeverHeadacheHeadache

De-worming cats and dogs most effective De-worming cats and dogs most effective preventative methodpreventative method

TapewormsTapeworms

TapewormTapewormOccasionally carried by dogs and catsOccasionally carried by dogs and catsAlveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)

RareRarePotentially fatal (50-70%)Potentially fatal (50-70%)Parasitic tumors of the liverParasitic tumors of the liver

May go unnoticed for yearsMay go unnoticed for years

Avoid hand to mouth contactAvoid hand to mouth contact

TapewormTapeworm

Life Cycle of AHDLife Cycle of AHD

Working with Animals SafelyWorking with Animals Safely

Frequently wash hands and use protective Frequently wash hands and use protective clothing to avoid contamination.clothing to avoid contamination.

Separate sick animals and treat in Separate sick animals and treat in separate areas.separate areas.

Do not eat, drink, or store food and drink in Do not eat, drink, or store food and drink in treatment areas.treatment areas.

Never wash lab coats and protective Never wash lab coats and protective clothing with regular clothes.clothing with regular clothes.


Protective ClothingProtective ClothingRubber unlined gloves, rubber boots, and Rubber unlined gloves, rubber boots, and

face shield or goggles with anti-fog lenses face shield or goggles with anti-fog lenses should be worn when handling chemicals or should be worn when handling chemicals or applying pesticides.applying pesticides.

Leather gloves help to protect from bites and Leather gloves help to protect from bites and scratches.scratches.

Protective ClothingProtective ClothingCoveralls and lab coats offer some protection Coveralls and lab coats offer some protection

from bites and scratches.from bites and scratches.Respirators should be worn when there is a Respirators should be worn when there is a

danger of inhaling toxic dust and other danger of inhaling toxic dust and other substances.substances.


Chemical SafetyChemical Safety

Use chemicals according to label Use chemicals according to label instructionsinstructions

Store chemicals in the original containerStore chemicals in the original containerAvoiding over-mixing and storing Avoiding over-mixing and storing

chemicals, but if they must be stored make chemicals, but if they must be stored make sure they are in a locked location and sure they are in a locked location and clearly labeled.clearly labeled.

Chemical SafetyChemical Safety

Dispose of all chemicals and their Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to label instructions.containers according to label instructions.

Frequently wash hands and exposed area Frequently wash hands and exposed area after using chemicals.after using chemicals.

Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques

Prevent injury to the animal and the Prevent injury to the animal and the handler.handler.

Keep a first-aid kit available for workers Keep a first-aid kit available for workers who do suffer bites or scratches.who do suffer bites or scratches.

Briefly restrain animals when needed for Briefly restrain animals when needed for examination or treatment.examination or treatment.


To work around the head of a cat, wrap To work around the head of a cat, wrap the animal in a blanket and place it into a the animal in a blanket and place it into a zippered canvas bag so the handler can zippered canvas bag so the handler can grasp the back of the head and hold the grasp the back of the head and hold the head between the thumb and fingers.head between the thumb and fingers.


Dogs are restrained by placing one arm Dogs are restrained by placing one arm under the dog’s neck with the forearm under the dog’s neck with the forearm holding the head while the other arm is holding the head while the other arm is placed around the animals body to pull it placed around the animals body to pull it close to the handler. close to the handler.


Dog muzzles can be created by looping a Dog muzzles can be created by looping a strip of gauze over the nose and mouth, strip of gauze over the nose and mouth, crossing under the jaw and then tying into crossing under the jaw and then tying into a bow behind the dog’s ears.a bow behind the dog’s ears.


Rabbits can be picked up by grabbing the Rabbits can be picked up by grabbing the scruff of the neck and placing a hand scruff of the neck and placing a hand under the rump for support.under the rump for support.

To hold them, simply move the hand from To hold them, simply move the hand from the rump to the abdomen.the rump to the abdomen.


Rabbits seldom bite, but can cause injury Rabbits seldom bite, but can cause injury by kicking with their back legs. by kicking with their back legs.

They may be injured if placed on a smooth They may be injured if placed on a smooth surface.surface.Foot pads are covered with fur.Foot pads are covered with fur.Can result in dislocation of hips or spine.Can result in dislocation of hips or spine.


Rats and mice that are used to being held Rats and mice that are used to being held may be picked up by grasping the tail may be picked up by grasping the tail close to the body and then using the other close to the body and then using the other hand to grasp the loose skin in the neck hand to grasp the loose skin in the neck and shoulder area.and shoulder area.

animal science ii- small animal unit b- the small animal care industry

Documents

animals acts

supply animals

animals feeds

small animal breeders

small animal industry

wool slide

elderly slide

dissection slide