Animal Science

Agriscience Agriscience ApplicationsApplications

Objective

Investigate careers related to the field Investigate careers related to the field of animal scienceof animal science

Careers in Agriscience

Most entry-level jobs require a high Most entry-level jobs require a high school diplomaschool diploma

20% require college degrees20% require college degrees Some careers require advanced degreesSome careers require advanced degrees

VeterinarianVeterinarian Highly technical task (embryo transfer)Highly technical task (embryo transfer)

High school agriculture class is a good High school agriculture class is a good startstart

Veterinarian

Embryo Transfer Technicians

Objective

Examine tools related to the animal Examine tools related to the animal science industryscience industry

Animal Science Tools

Candling LightCandling Light View the interior of eggsView the interior of eggs

Castration toolsCastration tools BurdizzoBurdizzo CastratorCastrator

Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination Artificial vagina to collect semenArtificial vagina to collect semen Insemination straw for the disposition of Insemination straw for the disposition of

semen into the femalesemen into the female

Egg Candling

Egg Candling

Semen Collection

Ear Notching

Animal Science Tools

Management toolsManagement tools DehornerDehorner Rectal thermometerRectal thermometer Syringe for injectionsSyringe for injections ““V” notcher for V” notcher for

identification of swineidentification of swine

Animal Science Tools

                                                                                         

Objective

Analyze the various breeds of beef, Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of eachthe economic value of each

Beef Breeds

English Breeds (European, English Breeds (European, Bos taurusBos taurus)) Angus- black breed with excellent meat Angus- black breed with excellent meat

qualityquality Hereford- red with a white faceHereford- red with a white face Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more

than 30 other breedsthan 30 other breeds

Angus

Beef Breeds

• Exotic Breeds (India, Exotic Breeds (India, Bos indicusBos indicus)) Grow faster than English breedsGrow faster than English breeds Leaner meatLeaner meat Brahman, BeefMaster, BrangusBrahman, BeefMaster, Brangus

Brahman

Beef Breeds

Breeds in America have been developed Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from IndiaExotic Breeds from India

Resulted in:Resulted in: Increased heat toleranceIncreased heat tolerance Parasite (worms, lice) resistanceParasite (worms, lice) resistance Resist diseaseResist disease

Dairy Breeds

HolsteinHolstein 90% of the dairy cattle in the US90% of the dairy cattle in the US Black and whiteBlack and white Leading producer of milkLeading producer of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk

per cow per yearper cow per year

Dairy Breeds

Other BreedsOther Breeds Guernsey- fawn and whiteGuernsey- fawn and white Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost blackJersey- cream to light fawn to almost black

• Number one in Number one in milk fatmilk fat Ayrshire-cherry red and whiteAyrshire-cherry red and white Brown Swiss- solid brownBrown Swiss- solid brown

Holstein

Jersey

Swine and Poultry Breeds

Objective: Analyze the difference Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultrybetween swine and poultry

Swine Breeds

American LandraceAmerican Landrace DurocDuroc Chester WhiteChester White HampshireHampshire YorkshireYorkshire

American Landrace

Duroc

Chester White

Hampshire

Yorkshire

Swine Industry

The swine industry has changed from The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers todaydemanded by consumers today

Types of operations:Types of operations: Feeder-pigFeeder-pig Market-hogMarket-hog Farrow to FinishFarrow to Finish

Swine Industry

Purebred producers produce high Purebred producers produce high quality boars:quality boars: Improves the genetic make-upImproves the genetic make-up Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to

increase hybrid vigorincrease hybrid vigor

Poultry Production

Classified as:Classified as: BroilersBroilers LayersLayers

egg producersegg producers

White Leghorn are used mostly for egg White Leghorn are used mostly for egg productionproduction

White Leghorn Rooster

Poultry Industry

Another Class of Chicken is the BantamAnother Class of Chicken is the Bantam Miniature versions of standard breedsMiniature versions of standard breeds Primarily for showPrimarily for show

90% of the turkeys grown are broad 90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whitesbreasted whites

Poultry Industry

Dutch Bantam Chicken

Pop-Quiz1.1. Provide an explanation for the term Provide an explanation for the term

“farrow.”“farrow.”

2.2. What is the breed of cattle that leads What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production?in milk production?

3.3. What breed of cattle is know for What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat?producing the most milk fat?

4.4. What is the most common breed of What is the most common breed of laying chicken?laying chicken?

5.5. Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

Animal Nutrition

ObjectiveObjective: Determine the nutritional : Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North poultry breeds found in North CarolinaCarolina

Major Nutrients WaterWater ProteinProtein CarbohydratesCarbohydrates MineralsMinerals VitaminsVitamins Fats and OilsFats and Oils

Water Largest component of all living Largest component of all living

thingsthings Animals tissue is about 75%Animals tissue is about 75%

Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature PerspirationPerspiration

Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Involved in all biochemical Involved in all biochemical

reactionsreactions

                          

Proteins Major component of muscles and Major component of muscles and

tissuestissues Made up of amino acidsMade up of amino acids Continuously needed to replace dying Continuously needed to replace dying

body cellsbody cells Young animals need large amounts for Young animals need large amounts for

growthgrowth

Carbohydrates Composed of sugar and starchesComposed of sugar and starches Provide energy and heatProvide energy and heat Make up 75% of most animal rationsMake up 75% of most animal rations Main source:Main source:

CornCorn Cereal grainsCereal grains

Minerals 15 essential minerals:15 essential minerals:

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. Example: calcium is needed in poultry for Example: calcium is needed in poultry for

eggshell developmenteggshell development Minerals are supplied by:Minerals are supplied by:

Naturally Naturally Mineral supplementsMineral supplements

Mineral (lick) blocksMineral (lick) blocks

Vitamins Needed in small quantitiesNeeded in small quantities Need for vitamins varies from species to Need for vitamins varies from species to

speciesspecies Sources:Sources:

Naturally found in feedNaturally found in feed Feed additives made from animal by-Feed additives made from animal by-

productsproducts Made by the body itselfMade by the body itself

Fats and Oils Only needed in small amountsOnly needed in small amounts Improves:Improves:

FlavorFlavor PalatabilityPalatability TextureTexture

Increases fattening and milk productionIncreases fattening and milk production Carriers of some vitaminsCarriers of some vitamins

Classes of Feed

ConcentratesConcentrates Low in fiberLow in fiber Cereal grainsCereal grains Animal and Plant by-productsAnimal and Plant by-products

Roughages (high fiber)Roughages (high fiber) Dry roughage is hayDry roughage is hay Green roughage includes pasturesGreen roughage includes pastures Silage is roughage fermented from green Silage is roughage fermented from green

chopchop

TDN Total Digestible NutrientsTotal Digestible Nutrients

Concentrates are high in TDNConcentrates are high in TDN

Roughages are low in TDNRoughages are low in TDN

Assignment Read pages 484 to 499Read pages 484 to 499 Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and

page 500page 500 Complete both section A and BComplete both section A and B

Animal Digestive Systems

ObjectiveObjective: Compare animal digestive : Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultrysystems of beef, swine, and poultry

Ruminants

Ruminant Digestive System

Ruminants

Cattle, sheep, goats, deerCattle, sheep, goats, deer Four compartments to their stomachFour compartments to their stomach Can eat more roughage in their dietCan eat more roughage in their diet

GrassGrass HayHay SilageSilage Green ChopGreen Chop

Monogastric

Simple Digestive System

Monogastric Swine, horses, rabbits, humansSwine, horses, rabbits, humans Stomach has one compartmentStomach has one compartment Rations must be high in concentratesRations must be high in concentrates

GrainsGrains CornCorn

Animals can not digest large amounts of Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or roughagefiber or roughage

Poultry

ChickensChickens TurkeysTurkeys DucksDucks GeeseGeese

                                  

Poultry No true stomachNo true stomach Can not store large amounts of foodCan not store large amounts of food Birds do not have teeth for chewingBirds do not have teeth for chewing Food is swallowed wholeFood is swallowed whole

Stored in cropStored in crop Ground up in the gizzardGround up in the gizzard

Pop Quiz

1.1. Provide an explanation for the term Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.”“farrow.”

2.2. What is the breed of cattle that leads What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production?in milk production?

3.3. What breed of cattle is know for What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat?producing the most milk fat?

4.4. What is the most common breed of What is the most common breed of laying chicken?laying chicken?

5.5. Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

Pop Quiz6.6. What nutrient is responsible for muscle What nutrient is responsible for muscle

growth?growth?

7.7. What nutrient makes up 75% of most What nutrient makes up 75% of most animals body?animals body?

8.8. What nutrient is made of sugar and What nutrient is made of sugar and starches?starches?

9.9. What nutrient carries fat soluble What nutrient carries fat soluble vitamins?vitamins?

10.10. What type of animal has four What type of animal has four compartments to it’s stomach.compartments to it’s stomach.