animal reproduction obj. 8.01. reproductive terminology castration - removing the male testicles to...

Animal Reproduction

Obj. 8.01

Reproductive Terminology

• Castration - removing the male testicles to prevent breeding

• Colostrum - the first milk that a baby mammal needs for immunity

• Estrus - the time that a female is in heat• Estrus Cycle - the length of time from one

cycle to the next cycle

Reproductive Terminology

• Gestation - the time an animal is pregnant• Puberty - the age an animal reaches maturity• Lactation - the time period where female gives

milk• Parturition - the act of giving birth• Ovulation - the release of the egg from the

ovary• Fertilization - the union of sperm and egg

Reproductive Traits

Species Age Range at Puberty

Avg. Length of Estrus

Cycle

Avg. Length of Estrus

Avg. Length of Gestation

Cattle 6-8 months 21 days 16-18 hours 283 days

Swine 4-7 months 21 days 3 days 114 days

Sheep 4-8 months 22 days 30 hours 148 days

Goat 1st Autumn 22 days 2.5 days 151 days

Female Reproductive Tract

• Ovaries– Description: oval shaped organs located near the

end of the reproductive tract– Function: produce eggs


• Oviducts– Description: small tubes near ovaries and have a

funnel-shaped end near the ovary– Function: carries eggs from ovaries to uterus. Also

called fallopian tubes


• Infundibulum– Description: Funnel-shaped end of each oviduct– Function: picks up eggs at ovulation and directs

eggs into the oviduct


• Uterus– Description: organ with two horn-shaped

attachments called uterine horns– Function: where growth and development of fetus

takes place


• Cervix– Description: thick wall structure made up of folds

and rings of muscular tissue. Located at the neck of uterus. Separates the uterus from the vagina

– Function: passageway for sperm from the vagina to the uterus. Also seals the uterus during pregnancy to prevent pathogens from affecting the fetus


• Vagina– Description: connect the vulva to the cervix– Function: serves as a passageway for baby to pass

through at birth


• Vulva– Description: external opening made up of folds of

skin– Function: External opening to female reproductive

and urinary systems

Male Reproductive Tract

• Scrotum– Description: saclike part outside livestock that

holds the testicles– Function: holds and protects the testicles


• Testes or Testicles– Description: two oval structures inside the

scrotum– Function: produce sperm and male sex hormones


• Epididymis– Description: Long coiled tube connected to each

testicle– Function: Stores sperm until maturity


• Vas Deferens– Description: Tube that connects epididymis to

urethra– Function: passageway for sperm from epididymis

to urethra


• Seminal Vesicles– Description: Gland that opens into urethra– Function: Produce a fluid that protects sperm


• Prostate Gland– Description: Gland near urethra and bladder– Function: Produces a fluid mixed with seminal

fluid


• Cowper’s Gland– Description: Gland near urethra– Function: Produces a fluid that cleans the urethra

to protect the sperm


• Penis– Description: rod like tissue covered by the sheath– Function: deposits semen into female


• Sheath– Description: Skin that covers the penis– Function: Protects the penis from injury

Poultry Reproductive System

• The major difference between mammals and poultry is that embryos develop inside of mammals and outside of poultry in an egg

• Only the left ovary functions in chickens• Chickens lay eggs every 24-28 hours• Eggs that are consumers are not fertilized• Chicken eggs incubate for 21 days• Turkey eggs incubate for 28 days

Poultry Reproductive Tract

• Ovary– Description: cluster of yellow, round eggs yolks– Function: Produces ova and hormones


• Infundibulum– Description: Funnel shaped structure below ovary– Function: Where fertilization takes place


• Oviduct - a tube structure that consists of five parts:– Magnum: secrets egg white– Isthmus: adds the two shell membranes– Uterus: secretes the shell and shell pigment– Vagina: holds the egg until its laid


• Cloaca– Description: Located between vent and base of

oviduct– Function: where the male bird deposits semen


• Vent– Description: Outside opening to the poultry

reproductive tract– Function: Expels eggs and waste

Animal Parturition

• Normal birthing position– Front feet first– Nose tucked between front legs– Shoulders– Body– Hips– Back legs

• Anything other than that way is a PROBLEM

Correct Position

Incorrect Birthing Positions

Parturition Process

• Increased estrogen causes the uterus muscles to contract

• Water bag breaks • Second water bag (fetus) breaks and

presentation of baby appears• Several hours later the placenta and afterbirth

are expelled. If not, the animal will get sick

animal reproduction obj. 8.01. reproductive terminology castration - removing the male testicles to...

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