Animal Phyla:A Summary

Danilo V. Rogayan Jr.Faculty, College of Education, Arts and Sciences

Ramon Magsaysay Technological University

Phylum Platyhelminthes 2

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• The phylum consists of four classes• Turbellaria (flatworm)

• Trematoda (fluke)

• Cestoda (tapeworm)• Monogenian

Triclad Flatworm

Summary

• The first groups of worms that we will discuss are the flatworms. As their common names suggest, flatworms are flattened dorso-ventrally and soft-bodied. Some intestinal tapeworms may grow up to 100 feet (30 meters). All flat worms belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes. Turbellaria (e.g Planaria), Cestoda (e.g tapeworm) and Trematoda. (e.gfluke).

Phylum Nematoda

• Nematodes (Gr. nematos, thread) or roundworms

• About 16,000 species have been described

• Triploblastic, bilateral, vermiform (resembling a worm in shape; long and slender), unsegmented

• Body round in cross section and covered by a layered cuticle; molting usually accompanies growth in juveniles

Phylum Nematoda

• Complete digestive tract; mouth usually surrounded by lips bearing sense organs

• Most with unique excretory system comprised of one or two renette cells or a set of collecting tubules

• Body wall has only longitudinal muscles

Phylum Annelida

• Members of the phylum Annelida are the segmented worms.

• Metamerism has important influences on virtually every aspect of annelid structure and function.

Phylum Annelida

• Members of the class Polychaeta are annelids that have adapted to a variety of marine habitats. Some live in or on marine substrates; others live in burrows or are freeswimming.

• Parapodia and numerous, long setae characterize the polychaetes.

Phylum Mollusca

• Molluscs are protostomes. Relationships to other protostomes are distant and evolutionary pathways are speculative.

• Molluscs have a coelom, as well as a head-foot, visceral mass, mantle, and mantle cavity

• Most also have a radula

Phylum Mollusca

• Members of the class Gastropoda are the snails and slugs. They include the only terrestrial molluscs. Torsion and shell coiling modify their bodies.

• Clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops are members of the class Bivalvia. They are all aquatic filter feeders and often burrow in soft substrates or attach to hard substrates.

Phylum Mollusca

• The class Cephalopoda includes the octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautili. They are the most complex of all invertebrates and are adapted for predatory lifestyles.

• Other molluscs include members of the classes Scaphopoda (tooth shells), Monoplacophora, Aplacophora(solenogasters), and Polyplacophora(chitons). Members of these classes are all marine.

Phylum Arthropoda

• The arthropods are by far the most successful phylum of animals, both in diversity of distribution and in numbers of species and individuals.

• They have adapted successfully to life in water, on land and in the air.

Phylum Arthropoda

• About 80% of all known animal species belong to the Arthropoda - about 800,000 species have been described, and recent estimates put the total number of species in the phylum at about 6 million.

Phylum Arthropoda

• Arthropods are found in a greater variety of habitats than any other animal group; on top of mountains, at great depths in the ocean and in the icy wilderness of Antarctica.

• They can survive great extremes of temperature, toxicity, acidity and salinity.

Phylum Echinodermata

• Although many classes of echinoderms are extinct, living echinoderms are divided into six classes: (1) Asteroidea, sea stars; (2) Ophiuroidea, brittle stars and basket stars; (3) Echinoidea, sea urchins and sand dollars; (4) Holothuroidea, sea cucumbers; (5) Crinoidea, sea lilies and feather stars; and (6) Concentricycloidea, sea daisies.

Phylum Hemichordata and Phylum Chordata

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