animal body plan

7/23/2019 Animal Body Plan

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Presented by:

Ms. Jaryna O. Limbauan

THE ANIMAL BODY PLAN


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INTRODUCTION

The study of animal body plans is in termsof symmetry and segmentation.

Symmetryarrangement of partsaround a central axisRadial symmetry has body parts radiating

from a central point; tend to be slow movers or

sessile

Bilateral symmetry one half of the body ismirror image of the other half; tend to move

more efficiently and quickly


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INTRODUCTION

Segmentationthe body of the animalis divided into repeating units or segments

This enables specialization of body parts


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ANATOMICALDIRECTIONS

Anterior / Cephalic /Cranial the head endof the animal(superior

in human anatomy);toward or beyond thehead

Posterior/ Caudalthe tail end of the animal(inferiorin humananatomy); toward or

beyond the tail


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Dorsalnearer to or atthe backbone side of thebody (posterior in

human anatomy)Ventral nearer to or at

the belly side of the body(anteriorin humananatomy)


8/16 Dorsal view Ventral view


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Lateralfarther from themidline of the body; sides (leftand right) In anatomical directions, the left and

right sides always refer to the animalsleft and right regardless of the way thespecimen is viewed by the observer

Medial nearer to the midlineof the body; middle

Intermediatebetween twostructures


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Proximalnearer to theattachment of a limb tothe trunk; nearer to point

of attachmentDistal farther from the

attachment of a limb tothe trunk; farther fromthe point of origin


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Superficial toward or on the surface of thebody

Deepaway from the surface of the body

Ipsilateral on the same side of the body

Contralateralon the opposite side of thebody


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PLANES AND SECTIONS

Study of body partsis relative to theimaginary planes

(flat surfaces) thatpass through it.

It serves as

reference forstructures ofanimals that exhibitsymmetry


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PLANES AND SECTIONS

Midsagittal(median) plane passes through themidline of the body ororgan

Sagittal /Parasagittal plane

divides the body ororgan into unequal leftand right sides


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PLANES AND SECTIONS

Frontal or Coronalplanedivides thebody or organ intoanterior (front) andposterior (backportions)

Transverse (cross-

sectional orhorizontal) plane divides the body ororgan into upper or

lower portions


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PLANES AND SECTIONS

Oblique planepasses through the body or

organ at an angle between the transverse plane,

sagittal, or frontal plane

animal body plan

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