SiguteGRIGALIUNIENE

Anglq kalbos gramatika

Skaitvardiiai

You can see a twig of an apple- tree inthe picture. There are five green leaves onone brown twig. This red and juicy apple is

just for Youl

SKAITVARDZIAISkaitvardZiai anglq, kaip ir lietuvir.t kalboje, skirstomi I kiekinius ir

kelintinius.Kiekiniai skaitvardziai parodo daiktq kiekiir atsako Iklausimq kiek?,

pvz.: Mr Pete Starling has got two brothers and four sisters.Kelintiniai skaitvardZiai parodo daiktr{ skai6iuojamqjq viet4 eil6je ir

atsako I klausimq kelintas?, pvz.:My mother's birthday is on the twenty-first of March.

Kiekiniai1 one /w^n/2lwo ltu:l3 three /ori:/4 lout lfr:l5 five 7farv76 six /srks/7 seven /'sevn/8 eight /err/9 nine Tnarn/10 ten

^en/'11 eleven l'levn/12 twelve /rwelv/1 3 thirteen /.0::'ti:n/1 4 fourteen /.fo:' ti:n/15 fifteen / frf'ti:n/1 6 sixteen /.srks'ti:n11 7 Seventeen / seyn'ti:n/

18 eighteen / er'ti:n7

1 9 nineteen /.narn'ti:n/

20 twenty /'twentr/30 thirty /'e3rv4A forly 1' fc:tr150 fifty /'fiftr/60 sixty /'srkstr/

Kelintiniaithe 1 st - f irst f3:sv pirmasthe2 nd - second /'sekend/ antrasthe 3 rd - third /or:d/ tre6iasthe 4 th - fourth /fc:e/ ketvirtasthe 5 th - fifth /frfo/ penktasthe 6 th - sixth Arkso/ Sestasthe 7 th - seventh /'sevn0/ septintasthe 8 th - eighth /ertO/ a5tuntasthe I th - ninth /nan0/ devintasthe 10 th - tenth /teno/ de5imtasthe 11 th - eleventh /r'levnO/ vienuoliktasthe 12 th - twelfth Ttwelfo/ dvyliktasthe 13 th - thirteenth / 0::'ti:n0/ tryliktasthe 14 th - fourteenth /.fc:'ti:nei keturioliktasthe '15 th - fifteenth / fif'ti:n0/ penkioliktasthe 16th - sixteenth /slks'ti:ne/ Sesioliktasthe 17 th - seventeenth /.sevn'ti:ne/ septy-nioliktasthe 18 th - eighteenth / er'ti:ne/ a5tuonio-liktasthe 19 th - nineteenth /narn'ti:n0/ devynio-liktasthe 20 th - twentieth /'twentue/ dvidesimtasthe 30 th - thirtieth /'031u0/ trisdesimtasthe 40 th - fortieth /'fctue/ keturiasdeiimtasthe 5O th - fiftieth /'frftuo/ penkiasdesimtasthe 60 th - sixtieth i 'srkstu0/ Sesiasdesimtas

70 seventy /'sevnh/

80 eighty /'erty'

90 ninety /'nantr/

100 one hundred /'handred/

103 one hundred and three

1 000 one thousand l'Qa?rmdl

1 005 one thousand and five

1 000 000 one million /'mrhen/

1 000 000 000 one milliard/ m ro:d/

the 70 th - seventieth /'sevntuO/ sep-tyniasdeSimtasthe 80 th - eightieth /'e1tr0/ astuo-niasdeSimtasthe 90 th - ninetieth /'narntr0/ devy-niasdegimtasthe 100 th - the hundredth /'h,rndrod0/Simtasisthe 103 rd - the hundred and third5imtas tre6iasisthe 1 000 th - the thousandthl' laxzndl | - tilkstantasisthe 1 005 th - the thousand and fifth- t0kstantis penktasisthe 1 000 000 th - the millionth/'mrheno/ - milijoninisthe 1 000 000 000 th - the milliardth/'mrhq:d0/ - milijardinis

KIEKINIAI SKAITVARDZIAI

Kiekiniai skaitvard2iai nuo 13 iki 19 sudaromi, pridedant priesageteen, pvz.: six +teen =sixteen.

Kai jie eina sakinio pabaigoje, kir6iuojama jq priesaga, o kai prieskir6iuotu skiemeniu prasidedantlZod[ - Saknis, pvz.:

Nerissa is fourteen /fo:'ti:n/. Nerissa is fourteen /'fcti:n/ years old.SkaitvardZiai, rei5kiantys desimtis (20 - 90), sudaromi, pridedant

prlesagqry, pvz.: seven + ty = seventy.Pridedant priesagas teen, ty, keidiasi kai kurir,l skaitvardZir{ Saknies

tarimas ir ra5yba, pvz.:

three + teen = thirteen three + ty = thirtyfive + teen = fifteen four + ty = fortyeight + teen = eighteen five + ty = fiftytwo+ty=twenty eight+ty=eighty

De5imtys su vienetais rasomos su brrikSneliu, pvz.:45 - forty-five, 76 - seventy-six. Sudetiniuose skaitvardZiuose tarp Simtq(tiikstandiq, milijonLL milijardq) ir po jq einandi14 deSimdiq (arba vienettl,

jei nera deSimdiq) vartojamas jungtukas and - ir, pvz.:205 - two hundred and five, 783 - seven hundred and eighty - three,

4681 - four thousand six hundred and eighty-one.Skaitvard2iai hundred, thousand, million, milliard daugiskaita

nevartojami, jie neturi galiines s, pvz.:Nine hundred metres - devyni Simtai metrq, three thousand cars -

trys t[kstandiai automobilirl, seven million pencils - septyni milijonaipieitukq, five milliard people - penki milijardai Zmoniq.

Kada skaitvardZiai reiSkia neapibr6Ztq skaidiq, jie vartojami sugahine s ir prielinksniu of, pvz.: hundreds of children - Simtai vaikq,millions of stars - milijonai Zuaig2dZitq.

NULIO VARTOJIMO ATVEJAI

1 .0 - zero /'zrareu/. Tlnkamiausias :odis mokslo ir technikos kalboje,nurodantis temperatura ar kitus skales matavimus, pvz.:

It is ten degrees below zero now - dabar yra de5imt laipsniq Saldio.This scale goes from zero to fifty - 5i skale rodo nuo nulio iki pen-kiasdeSimties.

2. 0 - nought/ncg. Tinka, skaitant de5imtaines trupmenas, pvz.:0.41- nought point four one; 5.02 - five point nought two.

Anglq kalboje desimtaines trupmenos nuo sveikq skai6iq skiriamosne kableliu, o taSku.

3. 0 - oh /ou/. Vartojamas, sakant telefono numer[ar dat4 pvz.:74 04 10 - seven four oh four one oh; 52 00 - five two double /'d^bv oh;in seventeen oh nine - 1709 metais.

4. 0 - nil/nrV (arba nothing /'n 0rp/). Vartojamas, nusakant rungtyniqrezultat4 pvz.:The result of the game is 2 : 0 (two goals to nil) -Zaidimorezuftatas yrc2: O.

KELINTINIAI SKAITVARDZNIKelintiniai skaitvardZiai, isskyrus first, second, third, sudaromi i5

kiekiniqskaitvardiiq pridedant priesagq th /0/. Priesaga eth /r0/ raSomaprie skaitvardZi{ kurie baigiasi galune ty. Raide y pakeidiama raide i,pvz.: forly = the fortieth - keturiasde5imtas.

Sud6tiniai kelintiniai skaitvardZiai sudaromi i5 kiekiniq skaitvardZir{,pakeidiant paskutini kiekini skaitvardi kelintiniu, pvz.:

sixty-one = the sixty-first - Sesiasdesimt pirmas

Pridejus priesagq th , keidiasi 5iq skaitvardZitl tarimas ir SakniesraSyba, pvz.:

Zymimasis artikelis vartojamas, kai prie5 daiktavardI eina kelintinisskaitvardis, pvz.: the eighth window - a5tuntas langas, the forty-sixthbirthday - keturiasdeSimt Se5tasis gimtadienis.

DATOS

B.C. - Before Christ /krarst/ - prieS Kristaus gimimq (prie6 m0srlerq), pvz.: in 55 B.C. A.D. - Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord) - poKristaus gimimo (milsq eros metais), pvz.: in A.D. 55.

Datos raSomos ir skaitomos [vairiai, pvz.: January 28 , January 28 th ,28 January arba 28 th January. Paprastai skaitoma January thetwenty- eighth arba the twenty- eighth of January .

Emily was born in nineteen fifty-six (1 956), on the 1Oth of February.Her mother died in twenty hundred (2000). Almita and I will go to theBritish lsles in twenty hundred and three (2003).

MENESIAI

5 = five - the fifth8 = eight - the eighth

January /' d3enjuen/ sausisFebruary /'february' vasarisMarch /mo:ty kovasApril /'erprl/ balandisMay /mer/ geguzeJune 7d3u:n7 birZelis

9 = nine - the ninth12 = twelve - the twelfth

July /d3u:'lay' liepaAugust /'c:gesti rugpjutisSeptember /sep'temba/ rugsdjisOctober /Dk'taube/ spalisNovember /nau' vemba/ lapkritisDecember /dr'sembo/ gruodis

SAVAITEMonday/'mandr/pirmadienis Friday/'frardy'penktadienisTuesday/'tju:zdrlantradienis Saturday/'satedr/ SestadienisWednesday /'wenzdr/trediadienis Sunday 7's,rndr/ sekmadienisThursday /'0r:zdrl ketvirtadienis

Mdnesiai ir savaites dienos raSomi didZiqja raide. Nera artikelio.Vartojamas prielinksnis in, pvz.: in February - vasario rnenesyje, osavaites dienoms - prielinksnison, pvz.:on Sunday - sekmadieni.

LAIKASa second /'sekend/ Sekundea quarter /'kwcre/ ketvirtis (15 min.)a minute /'mrnrt/ minutean hour /'aue/ valandao'clock /e'klok/ valanda

It is nine o'clocksharp /jq:p/ a.m. -lygiai 9 val.

It is twenty minutespast two a. m.- 20minu6iq po dviejq

It is a quarter pastsix p.m. - ketvirtis po18 val.

at 10 o'clock - deiimtq val.past /po:st/ poto - ikia watch /viDtfl laikrodis (ki-Seninis/rankinis)

Kalbant apie laik4 Snekamojoje kalboje paprastai vartojami skaifvardZiai nuo 1 iki 12. Norint i3vengti nesusipratimr4, vartojame Zod2ius:

a.m. /'er 'em/ nuo vidurnakdio iki vidurdieniop.m. /'pi: 'em/ nuo vidurdienio iki vidurnakdio

Emily starts working on the computer at I a.m. (in the morning).Ted goes to bed at eleven p.m. (in the evening).

Anglq kalboje laikrodis vertikaliai dalijamas pusiau. Norint pasakytilaikqnuo 12 iki 6 val. vartojame :odapast, o nuo 6 iki 12 -to.

It is half Past ten a.m.-pusvalandis po 10 val.(pusd vienuolikos)

It is a quarter to lwoa.m. - be 15 minudir.lantra valanda

It is five minutes totwelve a.m. - be pen-kiq minudir.l dvylika

Prielinksnis in: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.Prielinksnis at: at dawn /dc:n/ austant, at noon /nu:n/ vidurdienl, at

mid(night) - vidu(naktD, at 8 p.m. - 20 val. vakare.What is the time?/ What time is it? - kelinta valanda?

What time is it by your watch? - kiek valandr4 rodo jiisq laikrodis?It is seven a.m. by my watch - mano laikrodis rodo 7 valande.

Set the watch, please - praSau, nusisiatykite laikrodf.My watch is 5 minutes slow/ fast - mano laikrodis S min. vdluoja/skuba.

Half an hour - puse valandos.

7

MATEMATINIAI VEIKSMAI= the equals I'i:kwolzl sign /sam/ - lygybds Zenklas+ the plus /pl^s/ sign - pliuso 2enklas- the minus /'mames/ sign - minuso Zenklas: the division /dr'vr3n/ sign - dalybos Zenklasx the multiplication /,m^ttrph'kerin/ sign - daugybos 2enklas

a multiplication table - daugybos lentele4 o/o - tour per cent /pa'sent/; 4.5 % - four point five per cent

2+3=5 9:3=3two and three is/are five nine divided by three equalstwo plus three make/makes threefive nine divided by three is threetwo plus three equal/equals five 2 x 4 = 810 - 6 = 4 two multiplied by four equalsten minus six equals four eightsix from ten is/makes four two times four is eight

TRUPMENINIAI SKAITVARDZAI

Paprastosiose trupmenose skaitiklis yra kiekinis skaitvardis, ovardiklis - kelintinis skaitvardis. Jei skaitiklis didesnis uZ vienet4rasoma daugiskaitos galilne s, pvz.:

1/, one seventh; 3/o three fourths; 31/u three and one sixth.SKATTVARDZH ANGLU KALBOS PATARLESE BEI

PRIEZODZIUOSETwo dogs strive for one bone, and a third runs away with it - kur dupesasi, tredias laimi.Nature, time, and patience are the three great physicians - gamta,laikas ir kantrybd yra trys didieji gydytojai.Four eyes see more than one - keturios akys mato daugiau negu viena.A thousand probabilities do not make one truth - tiikstantis galimy-biq neatstoja vienos tiesos.First think and then say - pirma pagalvok, paskui pasakyk.Third time lucky - tredias kartas nemeluoja.A week of Sundays - simtas metr{.A May cold is a thirty day cold - Salnos geguZy, Saltas kitas menuo.

Sigutes cRlcALl0NlENES knygos

Stop at English 1995Anglq kalbos pamokos I d. 1 996Anglq kalbos pamokos ll d. 1996

Grasshoppers 1996English every day 1 997

London: old and new 1997Famous British Travellers 1997

William Shakespeare 1 998ln the Wind 1998

Anglq kalbos prad2iamokslis I d. 1998Anglq kalbos pradZiamokslis ll d. 1999Diana

- the Princess of Wales 1999

Friends 1 999Anglqkalbos pradZiamokslis lll d. 2000

Stonehenge 2000Lady Nessie 2001

Pasakokime angliSkai 2001Anglq kalbos gramatika. Prielinksniai 2001

Anglq kalbos gramatika. Taisyklin0i ir netaisyklingiveiksma2odZiai 2001

AnglLt kalbos gramatika. BUdvard2iai 2002Anglq kalbos gramatika. Skaitvard2iai 2002