A Sentence اىجيح

فؼو فاػو

Subject + Verb ( Ali / He ) is eating

Ali is eating. He is eating.

شم .اىفاػو اىفؼو ا أ سم ف اىجيح االجيضح دس ال ن أ ذس جيح اال تز اى

ذشذة اىجيح االجيضح ما ف اىصاه فال صخ ضغ اىفؼو قثو اىفاػو.

Subject

Noun OR Pronoun

Ahmad I / We

Father You

Cat He / She It

Cotton They

Car

Verb

Main Auxiliary

Work V. to be / V. to do / V. to have / Modals Is / do / have / can

hard every day . work I -1 -e.g:

hard. worked haveI -2

you swim across the river? Can -3

not swim across the river. canI -4

: أ/ لث افؼ اشئيسي في تؼط االصح. دظ ا اىفؼو اىساػذ سرخذ

ب/ لث افاػ في حاح اسؤاي.

ف اجح. ػذnot وح لثج/

د/ مفؼو سئس ىيجيح

e.g:- 1- I have a car

2- She has a cold.

3- I do my homework every day.

4- Nahla is a dentist.

V. to be …………. be

am / is / are

was / were + ( verb + ing / Past Participle )

been

V. to have have / has + ( Past Participle )

had

Auxiliaries

V. to do do / does

did + ( infinitive )

done

Modals can / could

Will / would

May / might + ( infinitive )

Shall / should

must

had better

have to / has to

ought to

e.g:- 1- I am working at the moment.

2- The letter was written yesterday. ( Passive )

3- I have bought a new car.

4- My father does not smoke.

5- I can cross the river.

ن أ سرخذ اىفؼو اىساػذ مفؼو سئس :

1- I am a teacher.

2- My father has a company.

3- I do my work regularly.

ىرن اىسؤاه ػيل ا ذرزمش جذا اذ:

اىنياخ االسرفاح - 1

االفؼاه اىساػذج -2

Who ذسأه ػ االسا

What ذسأه ػ االشاء

Where ذسأه ػ اذينا

When ذسأه ػ اىض

Why ذسأه ػ اىسثة

How ذسأه ػ اىنفح / اىطشقح

How many ذسأه ػ اىؼذد

How much ذسأه ػ اىص / اىنح

How far ذسأه ػ اىسافح

How long ذسأه ػ طه اىذج/ االشاء

How tall س ذسأه ػ طه االسا/ اىثا / اىشج

How often ذسأه ػ ػذد اىشاخ

How high اىجثاه اىشذفؼاخ

e.g:- Ramy has watched a nice film at home .

Where has Ramy watched a nice film?

What has Ramy watched at home?

Who has watched a nice film at home ?

:خطاخ ذن اىسؤاه

اح اسثح ىيجضء اىز سأه ػ.ضغ ميح اسرفؼ -1

ضغ اىفؼو اىساػذ تؼذ اىنيح االسرفاح. -2

ضغ فاػو اىجيح تؼذ اىفؼو اىساػذ. -3

نو تاق اىجيح تضغ ػالح االسرفا آخش اىنال غ خزف اىجضء اىز سأه ػ. -4

do / does / did الدظح : ارا ى جذ ف اىجيح فؼو ساػذ سرخذ

1- do صو ( : ارا ما فؼو اىجيح ضاسع تسظplay )

2- does ارا ما فؼو اىجيح ضاسع تسظ ر ب" S " صو ( اىفشد اىغائةplays )

3 – did صو ( ارا ما فؼو اىجيح اض تسظplayed غ ذذو اىفؼو اى اى ).صذس

EXTRA EXAMPLES: Ramy watches a film every day. What does Ramy watch every day ?

Ramy has watched a film. What has Ramy watched?

They watch a film every day. What do they watch every day?

كممات تربط جزئين من الكالم يربطهما عالقة ) سبب / تناقض / زمنية الخ.....( الروابط هى

e.g:- He was angry because he lost the game.

He was angry because of losing the game.

He was angry because of the loss of the game.

ساتظ رثؼا جيح نريح Complete sentence

ساتظ رثؼا شث جيحphrase

because / since / as

because of / owing to / due to / thanks to

although / though / even though / However

despite / in spite of

so that / in order that / in the hope that

to / in order to / so as to

so……that / such …….that

enough to / too …….to

so / therefore / thus / as a result

but / yet / still / however

الدظاخ:

( اىجيح اىنريح ذرن ) فاػو فؼو صشف ف ص

He lost the game, so he was angry.

He lost the game, but he was not angry.

Conjunctions ( Connectors )اىشاتظ

سرخذ اىاض اىثسظ ىيذالىح ػي :

yesterdayhim metI .حذز اور في لد حذد في ااظي. -1

ten minutes late. wasThe trainشغ روش لد حذز احذز. ال يشر -2

an umbrella. carried s alwayHeػادج واد جدج في ااظي ذؼذ جدج اال. -3

now, I would welcome him. arrivedhe Ifفؼ اششغ في اجح اششغيح ) احاح اثايح( -4

in American now. livedI wish Iذالح ػ ايح في الد احاي. wishغ -5

NEGATION ف اىاض اىثسظ

ى اىصذس.قثو فؼو اىجيح تؼذ ذذي ا did notف اىاض اىثسظ تضغ طيح I did not meet him yesterday.

The train was not early.

الحظح : اىاخ ارايح ذسرخذ غ ااظي اثسيػ ارا دي ػ ػادج في ااظي:

Always / sometimes / usually / often / rarely / occasionally

( ذالح ايعا ػ ػادج في ااظي. Used toصذس + يى اسرخذا ارؼثيش )

He used to carry an umbrella.

He did not use to carry an umbrella.

He used not to carry an umbrella.

Did he use to carry an umbrella?

useا usedث حي did notسرخذ -1الحظ ا ػذ اف :

تاػرثاسا فؼ ساػذ usedتؼذ notعغ وح -2

The Past Simple Tense

ص اىاض اىثسظ

I have scored three goals to win the cup.

My father has traveled to America.

We have not seen our grandfather since last month.

Have you ever been to Canada?

رخذ ص اىضاسع اىرا ىذه ػي دذز ذ ف اىاض اصاه أشش تاقا ىال.س

اىنياخ اىر ذسرخذ ػادج غ اىضاسع اىرا :

Since / for / just / already / recently / lately / ever / never / yet

Present Perfect

------------------------------------since + Date ذاسيخ ( yesterday / last / this morning …..)

Past simple sentence جح اظي تسيػ

Present Perfect

------------------------------------ for + Period of time ذج صيح

E.G:- ** I have lived here since last year .

I have lived here since I arrived in the UAE.

I have lived here for a year.

اك مياخ ذذه ػي اىراسخ صو : الدظ أ Last …………… / yesterday / this morning / January / 2004 …………

أا اىذج ا ن أ ؼذ : A year / an hour / five days / a week / a month

More Examples: 1- He has just arrived.

2- Have you ever visited New York?

3- I have not finished my work yet.

4- My uncle has lived in London for 20 years.

5- He has lived there since 1985.

The Present Perfect Tense

ص اىضاسع اىرا

** If you study hard, you will pass the test . ( Type I )

If you studied hard, you would pass the test. ( Type II )

If you had studied hard, you would have passed the test. ( Type III )

If we heat water, it boils. ( Zero Conditional )

( تذس ذن اىجيح اىر ذأذ تؼذ if / unlessاىجيح اىششطح ػثاسج ػ جير شتطا ساتظ )

اىشاتظ ثاششج جيح فؼو اىششط االخش ذن جيح جاب اىششط.

شالز أاع : ( I ) TYPE ONE : 1 اىع االهst

Conditional

If …………present simple ……….., ……..will + infinitive ………..

( study ) ( will pass )

اىسرقثو ال فؼو اىششط ذرو دذش.دذز ) جاب اىششط ( ذرو ف ػي اىع االه ذه

( II ) TYPE TWO: 2 اىع اىصاnd Conditional

If …………past simple ……………, …….. would + infinitive ………

( studied ) ( would pass )

ه ػي دذز ) جاب اىششط ( غش ذرو ال فؼو اىششط غش ذرو.اىع اىصا ذ

( III ) TYPE THREE: 3 اىع اىصاىسrd Conditional

If …………past perfect …………, ………..would + have + past participle ……….

( had studied ) ( would have passed )

اىع اىصاىس ذه ػي دذز ) جاب اىششط ( سرذو ال فؼو اىششط سرذو . ) ض اىقد د أ ذذز (

( IV ) Zero Conditional ( ىيذقائق )

If ………….present simple ……………., ………..present simple …………….

( heat ) ( boils )

Conditional Clause

الجممة الشرطية

الدظاخ ػي اىجيح اىششطح:

( اىصااىػ االه اىصا سرخذا ىيسرقثو . ) سغ جد اض تسظ ف اىع -1

اىع اىصاىس سرخذ ف اىاض. -2

a kingdom would rulea king, I wereIf I . شئ أقشب اى اىخاه: اىع اىصا ذه ػي -3

ذطثك ػيا فس االاع اثالز. if+ ف= unless وح -4

If you don't study, you will fail.

Unless you study, you will fail.

If you had studied hard, you would have passed the test.

Had you studied hard, you would have passed the test.

خاله ر اىرؼشف ػي verbal nounىؤد ػو االس ىزىل س ing اىفؼو اىضاف اى آخش

قؼ ف اىجيح

دس أذ :

.Smoking is a bad habitفاػ : -1

smoking ofSome young people are fond . تؼذ حشف اجش : -2

smoking dislikeI . تؼذ أفؼاي ؼيح : -3

in / by besides / to / without / at / of / on / for / : أثح ثؼط حشف اجش

gerund أثح ثؼط االفؼاي اري يأذي تؼذا :

admit ؼرشف / appreciateقذس / avoid رجة / defer ؤجو / delay ؤجو / deny نش

dislike نش / enjoy ررغ ب / escape شب / excuse ؼزس / fancy رخو / finish

forgive ساخ / imagine رخو / keepسرش ف / mind اغ / postpone ؤجو / prevent غ

propose قرشح / remember رزمش / resist قا / risk خيطش / stop رقف ػ / suggest قرشح

start ثذأ / continue سرش / begin ثذأ / forget س / regret ذ / like ذة

ذجذ تؼض اىصطيذاخ اىر رثؼا

Gerund ** Feel like

would mind

look forward to

object to

prefer ----------to ---------------

It's no use

The Gerund

PREPOSITIONS

ش يس حشف اجش وح شذثطح تىح أخش ) صفح / فؼ / أس / ظيش / اس فؼ ( أ أ حشف اج

ؼ سرم اا يشذثػ تؼ اىح اري يرثؼا.

She is fond of swimming.

I found out that he was a liar.

I usually take a nap at noon.

Christmas Easter dawn sunrise noon sunset night 5.30

Sixteen the age of sixteen

The beginning the end last times

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Monday Tuesday 4th

June Christmas Day time

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

January Summer 2007 the morning the afternoon

The evening time a few days

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From 10 to 12

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

She has been here since yesterday / Monday / last year / 2005 .

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Six months 3 days 5 weeks ذج غيش ؼح

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Christmas Easter Middle Ages childhood my holidays ذج ؼح

PREPOSITIONS

on

at

in

From………to

Since

For

During

Time Prepositions دشف اىجش اىذاىح ػي اىض

Adjective Preposition Meaning Verb Preposition Meaning

According To تاء ػ Accuse ..sb Of ير

Accustomed To اػراد ػ Apologize To sb for يؼرزس

Afraid Of خائف Apply To sb for يرمذ تطة

Anxious For / about لك Ask For / about يطة يسأي

Ashamed Of خج Attend To يحعش

Aware Of ذسن Beg For يرس

Bad At / for سئ Deal In يراجش

Capable Of لادس Dream Of يح

Confident Of اثك Fine Sb for يغش

Due To تسثة Insist On يصش

Exposed To ؼشض ي Long For يشراق

Fit For الئك Occur To يخطش

Fond Of غش Prefer ….to….. يفع

Frightened Of / at خائف Punish Sb for يؼالة

Good At / for جيذ Refer To يشيش ا

Interested In ر Remind Sb of يزوش

Involved In رسغ في Succeed In يجح

Keen On رف Think Of / about يفىش

Nervous Of ػصثي Believe In يؼرمذ

Owing To تسثة Beware Of يؼي

Pleased With سشس Blame Sb for ي

Prepared For سرؼذ Charge Sb with ير

Proud Of فخس Compare To / with يماس

Ready For سرؼذ Conform To يطاتك

Responsible For / to سؤي Consist Of يرى

Scared Of خائف Depend On يؼرذ

Sorry For / about آسف Fight With sb for يحاسب

Successful In اجح Hope For يأ

Suspicious Of شذاب Live On يؼيش

Terrified Of خائف Object To يؼرشض

Tired Of رؼة Persist In يصش

Be used To / in / for اػراد ا Prepare For يسرؼذ

Absorbed In ه في Quarrel With / about يرشاجش

Kind Of ػطف Rely On يؼرذ

Resort To يجأ

Suspect Sb of يشه

Wait For يرظش

Warn Sb about يحزس

Wish for ير

TENSE

VERB FORM

USE

RELATED WORDS

Present Simple Infinitive

Infinitive + s

ػادج

حميمح

Every……/ always / often /

usually

Sometimes / rarely / seldom

Present

continuous

Am

Is + V. + ing

Are

حذز سرش في

الد احاي

Now / at present / at this

moment/

At the moment

Present Perfect Have

Has + P.P.

حذز تذأ في

ااظي اصاي

سرشا أ أثش

ال اصاي تاليا

Since / for / just / already /

lately /

Recently / up till now / so far

/

Yet / ever

Present Perfect

Continuous

Have

Has + been + V. + ing

حذز تذأ في

ااظي اصاي

سرشا ال

Since / for /

For + period + now

Past Simple Verb + ed ز ذ في حذ

ااظي ار

Ago / yesterday / last ……..

أ أ ذاسيخ ساتك

Past Continuous Was

Were + V. ing

حذز وا سرشا

في ااظي

ار

All day yesterday

All last ……….

While ( as )

Past Perfect Had + P.P. حذز ذ في

ااظي لث حذز

آخش في ااظي

After / before / as soon as /

Till / until

Future Simple 1- Will + infinitive

2- Be+going to + infinitive

3- Present Simple

4- Present Continuous

لشاس –ذثؤ -1

حميمح –سشيغ

سرمث غ -2

ايح

جذي اػيذ -3

) لطاساخ (

سرمث ؼذ -4

ذشذيثاخ ) اسفش (

Tomorrow / next …….

In the future

أ أ ذاسيخ لاد

GRADE 12 Grammar Exercise Choose the most suitable answer:

1- Students ------------------ to leave the class before the bell rang.

a) allowed b) allowing

c) were allowed d) are allowed

2- His polite conduct made people ---------------------him.

a) respects b) respected

c) has respected d) respecting

3- More cars -----------------everyday.

a) make b) are making

c) are made d) made

4- We love football, but Mary --------------------

a) don’t b) does

c) is not d) doesn’t

5- Mr Rogers ----------------------to work every morning.

a) driving b) drive

c) drove d) drives

6- How often ------------------you usually go to the theatre?

a) are b) do

c) have d) does

7- We ------------------next summer in Paris.

a) are spending b) spending

c) are spent d) would spend

8- ------------------sources of energy are everlasting.

a) renew b) renews

c) renewable d) new

9- When atoms split, enormous amounts of energy are --------------------------

a) released b) release

c) releases d) have released

10- Rubbish can be -------------------into energy by burning.

a) convert b) converts

c) converted d) has converted

11- He hardly ------------------me with my homework. I’m angry with him.

a) helps b) help

c) doesn’t help d) have helped

12- The wind -------------------to sail ships in the past.

a) use b) is used

c) was used d) using

13- He -----------------early.

a) usually get up b) gets up usually

c) usually getting up d) usually gets up

14- You -----------------carefully. You nearly got killed.

a) shouldn’t have driven b) should have driven

c) shouldn’t drive d) should driving

15- Most of this story ------------------last year.

a) wrote b) writes

c) written d) was written

GRADE 12 Grammar Exercise Choose the most suitable answer:

1- The dishes ----------------- three hours ago.

a) was cleaned b) were cleaned

c) were cleaning d) cleaned

2- You shouldn’t have -----------------that awful mistake.

a) making b) make

c) makes d) made

3- We were supposed to start early, but the weather was bad. We ---------------earlier.

a) shouldn’t start b) shouldn’t have started

c) should be starting d) should have started

4- The criminal blamed his father who -------------set a good example for him.

a) should b) should have

c) should be d) ought to

5- -------------------people know their rights and duties.

a) Educate b) Educating

c) Educated d) Educates

6- He ------------------bring that book yesterday.

a) should b) has to

c) must d) has to

7- The Pyramids -----------------a long time ago.

a) built b) were building

c) were built d) would be built

8- --------------------- you live here before 2000?

a) Were b) Did

c) Had d) Do

9- Shakespeare was -------------in Stratford.

a) bear b) bore

c) born d) borne

10- The strong usually -------------------the weak.

a) dominate b) dominates

c) dominating d) has dominated

11- He was -------------------his university degree in 1998.

a) awarded b) award

c) awarding d) awards

12- Our country is ---------------------in spreading peace.

a) interesting b) interest

c) interests d) interested

13- I last -----------------my grandfather two weeks ago.

a) see b) seen

c) saw d) sees

14- ---------------------the prisoner released yesterday?

a) Did b) Had

c) Were d) Was

15- He should have -----------------his homework.

a) do b) done

c) does d) did

GRADE 12 Grammar Exercise Choose the most suitable answer:

1- She wrote a book --------------------“ Crime & Punishment”.

a) entitle b) entitles

c) entitled d) entitling

2- He ---------------a taxi, but now he owns a company.

a) drives b) used to drive

c) drive d) driving

3- The woman ---------------- in a side street.

a) has attacked b) has been attacked

c) have been attacked d) attack

4- He -----------------to fly to New Jersey next week.

a) plan b) planning

c ) plans d) have planned

5- We -------------------to sell our house.

a) going to b) are going to

c) going d) are going

6- My friend isn’t --------------------to the party tonight.

a) come b) comes

c) came d) coming

7- The flight is -------------------to take off at 5.30.

a) expect b) expects

c) expecting d) expected

8- He left early ----------------he had a headache.

a) owing to b) due to

c) so d) because

9- If he -----------------stupid, he would have avoided the accident.

a) had been b) has been

c ) was d) hadn’t been

10- Ai : I am thirsty.

Rami : I ----------------------- get you some water.

a) will b) am going to

c) intend to d) try to

11- Their plane ----------------- tonight.

a) arrive b) arrives

c) is going to arrive d) is arriving

12- According to the weather forecast, it ------------------heavily.

a) rains b) is raining

c) is going to rain d) will rain

13- The next train ---------------at 10 O’clock.

a) is leaving b) leaves

c) will leave d) is going to leave

14- We didn’t go out ------------------the rain.

a) because b) so

c) because of d) however

15- I missed the bus, ----------------I was late for school.

a) due to b) however

c) so d) because

GRADE 12 Grammar Exercise Choose the most suitable answer:

1- ----------------my car has broken down, I will take a taxi.

a) Because of b) Due to

c) Therefore d) Because

2- Had she come earlier, she ----------------the beginning of the story.

a) would hear b) would have heard

c) wouldn’t have heard d) will hear

3- I’d have told him the whole story if I -------------him.

a) found b) find

c) had found d) was finding

4- My little brother is good ----------------playing chess.

a) at b) on

c) with d) by

5- If I were rich, I --------------------- round the world.

a) will travel b) would have traveled

c) would travel d) traveled

6- I regret wasting my time watching TV. I ---------------------that.

a) should do b) should have done

c) shouldn’t have done d) ought to do

7- It’s a pity you couldn’t attend my birthday party. I wish you -------------------it.

a) attended b) had attended

c) will attend d) attending

8- Unless he ----------------ill, he would have visited you.

a) had been b) hadn’t been

c) was d) has been

9- If only you -----------------on me yesterday, I would have welcomed you.

a) called b) call

c) have called d) had called

10- He couldn’t join the team ------------------he isn’t tall enough.

a) so b) due to

c) because d) because of

11- -----------------we solve the problem of global warming, our planet will be in danger.

a) If b) Because

c) Although d) Unless

12- She -----------------with a revolver and died.

a) shot b) shoots

c) was shot d) shooting

13- ----------------------you refuse to cooperate, I shall be forced to take legal advice.

a) Due to b) Therefore

c) Although d) Because

14- I am fed up, ------------------------I will leave.

a) because b) as a result

c) due to d) despite

15- Bravely ----------------they fought, they had no chance of winning.

a) although b) as

c) however d) but

GRADE 12 Grammar Exercise Choose the most suitable answer:

1- The letter -------------------typed now by the secretary.

a) being b) is being

c) is d) to be

2- I -------------- a cup of coffee in the morning when I get up.

a) always have b) have always

c) always had d) always has

3- As a footballer, Ronaldinho -------------for his great skill.

a) knows b) know

c) has known d) is known

4- He -----------------be playing football now.

a) not supposed to b) shouldn’t

c) oughtn’t d) hasn’t

5- I am --------------------in an hour.

a) will leave b) leaving

c) leave d) shall leave

6- ------------------the bad weather, the match was held.

a) Although b) Despite

c) However d) Because

7- If he -------------harder, he might have passed the exam last year.

a) studied b) had studied

c) will study d) has studied

8- What a beautiful ring! It’s made ----------------gold.

a) up b) in

c) of d) at

9- I wish the weather --------------better.

a) is b) been

c) were d) would

10- She helped me ----------------------my homework.

a) does b) did

c) doing d) do

11- The young should be aware ------------------their country’s problems.

a) at b) in

c) with d) of

12- Flight No. 75 -----------------in three hours.

a) arrive b) arriving

c) arrives d) have arrived

13- The house -------------------she lives, sits two streets from here.

a) that b) when

c) who d) where

14- The house ------------------she has bought , sits two streets from here.

a) who b) when

c) which d) where

15- He didn’t meet -----------------three days ago.

a) someone b) anybody

c) nobody d) no one