anger in upper and lower canada causes of the 1837 rebellions
TRANSCRIPT
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Anger in Upper and Lower
CanadaCauses of the 1837 rebellions
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Lower Canada = French = present day QuebecUpper Canada = English = present day Ontario
What do we know about the people in these 2 colonies? (think: last unit, gr. 9 . . .)
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This unit is about how the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada both rebelled
against their government.
Why? What happened?
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Types of Government
What is representative government?
What is Responsible Government?
What did the Colonies have?
O Government is elected by voters – represents the people
O Voters have the power to vote out/ remove a government that does not please them (responsible to the people)
O Run by Britain/ Governor and small group of aristocrats (oligarchy)
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Types of Government
What is an oligarchy?
Who are the oligarchies in Upper and Lower Canada?
Are the Colonies Democratic?
O Rule (governance) by a small, select group of people
O Upper Canada: Family Compact
O Lower Canada: Chateau Clique
O Colonies are NOT democratic –Government is not representative or responsible
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Types of Government
O What is the government in both colonies?
Governor (represents Britain)
Executive Legislative Council Council(Both councils appointed by Governor
– all members are part of the Family compact or the Chateau
Clique)
Legislative Assembly(elected by Male Property owners in
colony)
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Type of Government
O Why is this colonial government not democratic?
O Governor and his councils (Family Compact/ Chateau clique) could Veto all laws passed in Elected legislative assembly (and often did)
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Stop: answer in small groups!
1. What do the following words mean:A. OligarchyB. DemocracyC. Representative governmentD. Responsible government
2. Why was the government in Upper and lower Canada not responsible?
3. What group had all the power in Upper Canada? In Lower Canada?
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Answers
1. Oligarchy: a small group with all powerO Democracy: Power held by the peopleO Representative Gov.: people vote
representativesO Responsible gov.: responsible to the will of the
people; representatives have power to make change, and people can vote them out
2. Gov. not responsible as governor general and legislative / executive council are not elected and can veto all passed by elected legislative assembly
3. Upper Canada: Family Compact, Lower Canda: Chateau Clique
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Upper Canada
What did the Family Compact Veto?
What are the Colonists angry about?
Who is Robert Gourlay?
O Roads/ development in crown and church land
O Ignore land speculation/ problems with absentee landlords
O No landO No roads (crown/ clergy land in the
way)O Family Compact has all the power
O Land agentO Created petition for change in
policyO Arrested and deportedO Unifies opposition
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Upper Canada
O Who is William Lyon Mackenzie?
O Leader of protest/ for reform
O Newspaper: “Colonial Advocate” prints articles against gov. and family compact
O When Family Compact ransacked his office he sued
O Elected to Legislative Assembly 1828
O Leader of Reform/ rebellion
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Stop: answer in small groups!
1. Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper Canada?
2. What was Upper Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
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answers1. Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper
Canada? William Lyon Mackenzie
2. What was Upper Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
O No land available to immigrantsO No roads (crown/ clergy land in the
way)O Family Compact has all the power (not
responsible government)
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Lower Canada
O What issues anger Lower Canada?
1. Discrimination against the French by the English
2. No Representation in Government
3. High Taxes
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Lower Canada
O Who were the Chateau Clique?
O What is the problem with the Chateau Clique?
O Ruling Oligarchy – controls business and government
O All English Speaking/ British
O English/ protestant Minority (less than ¼ of pop.) has all the political/ economic power in a French Catholic colony
O Feel like Church and Seigneurs sold out to English
O Angry that Legislative Assembly is powerless (Veto power of councils/ Governor like upper Canada) and taxes are high
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Lower Canada
O What Land Problems does Lower Canada face?
O How does Nationalism contribute to anger in Lower Canada?
O Unlike Upper: No land speculators
O Settled for 200 years = land less fertile/ crops fail
O Can only feed familiesO Import Wheat from Upper Canada
= Economic deficit/ failureO Alternative (forestry) restricted by
Seigneurs
O Want to protect language/ religion/ culture form British rule
O Fear assimilation through English immigration (become outnumbered)
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Lower Canada
O What events anger the French?
O 1. 1822: -church/ seigneurs attempt to Unite Upper and Lower Canada and make English official Language Fails
O Anger and Betrayal
O 1832 :Ship brought Cholera to Lower Canada
O Paranoid – fear Britain is using biological warfare
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Lower Canada
O Who is Louis Joseph Papineau?
O Who is James Craig?
O Leader of reform movementO lawyer/ SeigneurO Speaker of Legislative
Assembly in 1815O Leader of Parti Canadien
O 1807 –British Governor of Lower Canada
O Anti- French , arrested anyone against the government
O Closed reform newspaper “Le Canadien”
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Lower Canada
O What are the 92 resolutions?
O What is the British response to the 92 resolutions?
O Protesters shot by British soldier in Montreal
O Papineau creates “92 resolutions” demanding reform (gives to Governor)
O Reply is 3 years laterO “10 resolutions” denying
rights to Legislative Assembly
O Leads to Rebellion
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Stop: Answer in small groups!
1. Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower Canada?
2. What was Lower Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
3. What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?
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Answers1. Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower
Canada? Louis Joseph Papineau
2. What was Lower Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
O Government not representative (english minority),or responsible (veto power)
O Fear of losing Language / religion / cultureO Economic difficulties and upper class
(seigneurs) don’t allow access to lumber for more $
3. What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?O 92 resolutions are ignored, then denied by
British Gov.
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Assignment1. Complete a Venn Diagram comparing
the CAUSES of the Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada (what were they upset about?)
2. READ p. 73 – 76 (including the Comic) and fill out the timeline of WHAT HAPPENED in the rebellions in both Upper and Lower Canada
THIS IS DUE NEXT CLASS