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Clinical Manifestations of Anaemia

Presented by Prof. M.Y.Jan, Professor of Paediatrics



I

AbdoainConstipationCoughDecreased hearingDiarrheaEarache

Eye discomfort andredness

CHILD

SYMPTOMS

FeverHeadaches Joint pain or muscle painNasal congestionNausea or vomitingSkin rashes

Sore throatUrinary problems Vision problems Wheezing

Symptom checker



Abdominal painBlood in stoolChest painC

onstipationCoughDiarrheaDifficulty swallowingDizzinessEy ediscomfort and rednessFoot pain or anklepainFoot swelling or leg swellingHeadachesKneepainHeart palpitationsHip pain

KneepainLow back painNasal congestion

Nause

a or vomitingNeck painNumbness or tingling in handsPelvic pain: f emalePelvic pain: maleShortness of breathShoulder painSore throatUrinary problems Vision problems W heezing

Symptom checker

ADULT

SYMPTOMS



Because a low red blood cell count decreases oxygendelivery to every tissue in the body, anemia causesmany signs and symptoms.

It makes almost any other underlyingmedical condition worse.

How severe the anemia is will determine

how severe the signs and symptoms will be.



Initially, anaemia can be so mild it goes unnoticed. But signs and symptoms increase as

the condition worsens.

Signs and symptoms:

Themain symptom of most types of anemia is fatigue.

Other anemia symptoms include:

Weakness Headache(Fatigue)

Pale skin A fast or irregular heartbeat

Palpitationexercise induced dyspnea

(Shortness of breath)Chest pain

DizzinessCognitive problems

Numbness or coldness in your extremities



Signs of Anaemia may include:

Black and tarry stools (sticky and foul smelling)

Maroon, or visibly bloody stools

Tachycardia

Tachypnea

Pale or cold skin

Jaundice

low blood pressure

Heart murmur

Enlargement of the spleen

Constipation

syncope (particularly following exercise)bounding pulse

syncope or postural hypotensiontinnitus or vertigo

irritability, restlessness(difficulty sleeping

or concentratingmore frequent in severe chronic anemia)

Sweating, thirst and airhunger



Iron Deficiency Anaemiay Symptoms:

weakness, Fatigue, or lack of staminashortness of breath

headache frontaldifficulty concentratingirritability, apathy dizziness

pale skincraving substances that are not food (pica)



Iron Deficiency Anemiay Signs:

rapid heart beat

brittle nails (also spoon nails)cracked lips (angular stomatitis)

smooth sore tongue (Glossitis)

decreased appetite (especially in children)

decreased rate of growth

delay in skills like walking , talking ..

and relatively later

Blue sclera



Fanconi AnemiaSymptoms:

Thrombocytopenia purpura, petechiae, bleedingNeutropenia severe or recurrent infections

Anemia weakness, fatigue, and pallor



Fanconi Anemia

Signs:

Congenital anomalies are present in at least 50% of patients.



1- Pallor looked for

in the skin in general, at palms, more precise in the

palmar creases

at the conjunctiva of the eyes

Mouth mucosa

nail beds

2- Jaundice as in Haemolysis Skin, Eye Sclera, Mucous Membrane

3- Hyperpigmentation , café au-lait spots Fanconi Anaemia



1- Frontal

Bossing

Thalassaemia

2- Microcephaly Fanconi Anaemia



1- Glossitis Vit. B12 deficiency, Fe deficiency

2- Angular stomatitis Fe deficiency anaemia



Chest:

Chest Pain

Murmer Severe anemia, Endocarditis

Rapid BreathingRapid Heart Rate



Abdomen: Abdominal pain

Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly



Extremities:

brittle nails, Spoon Nails

Iron deficiency



Nerves

Nerves: Ataxia, Peripheral neuropathy (Vitamin B12)



General

General: Poor weight gain or Weight loss

Short Stature Thalassaemia

Sickle cell disease



A Case of Thalassaemia cont ..



Sickle cell anemiaSCD is characterized by its presentation:

1- Vaso-occlusive crises2- Sequestration crises

3- Hemolytic crises

4- Aplasic crises

and much more clinical disease!



Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)



SCD



Readingsy 1- Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics

y 2- www. Google.com

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