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UDK 614.2(091)(497.1)"19" COBISS.SR-ID 26343433

ANDRIJA ŠTAMPAR- UTEMELJIVAČ JUGOSLOVENSKE SLUŽBE JAVNOG ZDRAVLJA I ZDRAVSTVENI AMBASADOR JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE U SZO Dušan Petar Kuljančić UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU, MEDICINSKI FAKULTET, HAJDUK VELJKOVA 3, NOVI SAD; KLINIČKI CENTAR VOJVODINE, KLINIKA ZA PSIHIJATRIJU, HAJDUK VELJKOVA 1, NOVI SAD SAŽETAK: Andrija Štampar je rođen 1888. godine u selu Brodski Drenovac u Slavoniji, a preminuo 1958. godine u Zagrebu. Bio je jugoslovenski i hrvatski lekar i naučnik najzaslužniji za utemeljivanje javnog zdravlja i socijalne medicine na prostoru Balkana u prvoj polovini 20. veka. Medicinski fakultet u Beču je završio 1911. godine dobivši titulu doktora opšte medicine. Još kao student medicine pisao je članke i pamflete sa ciljem da obrazuje i prosvetli ljude o prevenciji i očuvanju zdravlja. Počeo je svoju profesionalnu karijeru radeći kao opštinski lekar u Novoj Gradiški, a od 1919. do 1930. godine delovao je kao načelnik higijenskog odeljenja Ministarstva narodnog zdravlja u Beogradu i u tom je razdoblju radio na utemeljenju zdravstvene službe u tadašnjoj Jugoslaviji. Organizovao je više od 250 javnih ustanova od značaja za zdravstvenu delatost. Svojim predanim i neumornim radom nastojao je utemeljiti lekara kao javnog i socijalnog radnika i narodnog učitelja i prosvetitelja, koji je ekonomski nezavistan i jednako dostupan svim slojevima društva. Istakao je značaj preventivnog medicinskog rada. Od 1930. godine počinje njegov značajniji angažman na međunarodnom planu. Radi kao higijenski stručnjak pri Društvu naroda u mnogim evropskim zemljama, u SAD-u i u Kini gde je zaslužan za reformu zdravstvene službe. Godine II svetskog rata provodi kao logoraš u zatvoru u Grazu. Po oslobođenju nastavlja da radi na polju javnog zdravlja i nauke. Radi kao direktor Škole narodnog zravlja, dekan Medicinskog fakulteta, rektor Univerziteta u Zagrebu, član i predsednik Jugoslovenske akademije nauka i umetnosti JANU (1947.-1958.). Uporedo sa bogatom profesionalnom karijerom u zemlji postiže zapažene uspehe i u organizaciji javnozdravstvene službe i u svetu. Od 1946. godine radi na osnivanju Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, da bi napisavši njen ustav leta 1948. godine u Ženevi predsedavao prvom Skupštinom ovog najvišeg zdravstvenog tela u svetu. Ključne reči: istorija medicine; Medicinski fakultet-Zagreb; Medicinski fakultet-Beograd; Jugoslavija; narodno zdravlje; socijalna medicina

Andrija Štampar je rođen pre više od

130 godina u malom slavonskom selu na području tadašnje Austo-Ugarske monarhije. Otac mu je bio učitelj, te se zbog njegove službe porodica često selila. Tako da je Štampar imao mnogo vremena da posmatra svakodnevni život običnih ljudi. U to doba po selima na Balkanu nije bilo ni lekara ni medicinske službe. Govorimo o zaostalom društvu seljaka ogrezlih u neznanju, što je imalo velike negativne posledice po zdravlje naroda. Od 1898. do 1906. pohađa Gimnaziju u Vinkovcima, koju završava kao odličan đak. Studije medicine započeo je 1906. godine u Beču, u tada najvažnijem medicinskom centru u celom svetu [1]. Završava ih za svega 5 godina i 2 meseca, 23. 12. 1911. godine. Dok je bio student objavio je preko 70 članaka i brošura, uglavnom namenjenih zdravstvenom prosvjećivanju te je održao niz javnih predavanja

u Beču i domovini. Međutim, najvažnije, u tom je razdoblju formirao svoje jasne stavove o socijalnoj medicini. Naprosto, bio je to čovek koji je tačno znao što hoće, a uz to energičan, uporan, beskompromisan, samouveren [2]. 1909. godine u Novoj Gradiški osniva sopstveni časopis pod nazivom Biblioteka javnog zdravlja, u kome piše članke o brojnim temama o zdravlju i prevenciji bolesti. Po završetku studija dr Štampar se zapošljava najpre u Karlovcu, a zatim biva premešten u Novu Gradišku i unapređen u opštinskog lekara [3]. Tokom I svetskog rata radio je kao lekar u zarobljeničkom logoru u Mathauzenu u Austriji [2]. Po okončanju rata kao jedan od malobrojih visokoobrazovanih ljudi u novonastaloj državi Kraljevini SHS, biva postavljen za zdravstvenog savetnika u Povjereništvu za socijalnu skrb Narodnog vjeća u Zagrebu [4]. 1919. godine drži predavanje na temu zdravlja dece u okviru Kongresa

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Adresa autora: Dušan Petar Kuljančić, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad E-mail: dulekuljancic@gmail.com

Rad primljen: 26.10.2020. Elektronska verzija objavljena: 26.11.2020.

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ANDRIJA ŠTAMPAR - FOUNDER OF THE YUGOSLAV PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND YUGOSLAV AMBASSADOR TO THE WHO Dušan Petar Kuljančić UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, HAJDUK VELJKOVA 3, NOVI SAD; CLINICAL CENTER OF VOJVODINA, CLINIC FOR PSYCHIATRY, HAJDUK VELJKOVA 1, NOVI SAD SUMMARY: Andrija Štampar was born in 1888 in the village of Brodski Drenovac in Slavonia, and died in 1958 in Zagreb. He was a Yugoslav and Croatian doctor and scientist most deserving of founding public health and social medicine in the Balkans in the first half of the 20th century. He graduated from the Medical Faculty in Vienna in 1911 with a doctorate in general medicine. Even as a medical student, he wrote articles and pamphlets with the goal of educating and enlightening people about prevention and maintaining health. He began his professional career working as a municipal doctor in Nova Gradiška, and from 1919 to 1930 he worked as the head of the hygiene department of the Ministry of Public Health in Belgrade, and in that period he worked on founding a health service in the former Yugoslavia. He organized more than 250 public institutions important for health work. With his dedicated and tireless work, he tried to establish a doctor as a public and social worker and a national teacher and educator, who is economically independent and equally accessible to all strata of society. He emphasized the importance of preventive medical work. From 1930, his more significant engagement at the international level began. He works as a hygiene expert at the League of Nations in many European countries, in the USA and in China, where he is credited with the reform of the health service. He spent the years of World War II as a detainee in a prison in Graz. After his release, he continued to work in the field of public health and science, as the director of the School of Public Health, dean of the Faculty of Medicine, rector of the University of Zagreb, memeber and president of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts JANU (1947-1958). Along with a rich professional career in the country, he achieves notable successes in the organization of the public health service and in the world. He has been working on the founding of the World Health Organization since 1946, and after writing its constitution in the summer of 1948, he chaired the first Assembly of this highest health body in the world in Geneva. Keywords: History of medicine; Faculty of Medicine-Zagreb; Faculty of Medicine-Belgrade; Yugoslavia; public health; social medicine

Andrija Štampar was born more than

130 years ago in a small Slavonian village (Croatia) in the area of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. His father was a teacher, and because of his service, the family often moved. So Stampar had a lot of time to observe the everyday life of ordinary people. At that time, there were no doctors or medical services in the villages in the Balkans. We are talking about the backward society of peasants immersed in ignorance, which had great negative consequences for the health of the people. From 1898 to 1906 he attended the Gymnasium in Vinkovci, which he finished as an excellent student. He began his medical studies in 1906 in Vienna, then the most important medical center in the world [1]. He completed them in just 5 years and 2 months, on December 23, 1911.

While a student, he published over 70 articles and brochures, mostly aimed at health education, and gave a series of public lectures in Vienna and his homeland. Most importantly, however, it was during this period that he formed his clear views on social medicine. He was simply a man who knew exactly what he wanted, and at the same time energetic, persistent, uncompromising, self-confident [2]. In 1909, in Nova Gradiška, he founded his own journal called the Public Health Library, in which he wrote articles on numerous topics on health and disease prevention. After finishing his studies, Dr. Štampar was first employed in Karlovac, and then he was transferred to Nova Gradiška and promoted to municipal doctor [3]. During World War I, he worked as a doctor in a prison camp in Mathausen, Austria [2]. After the

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savezničkih zemalja o socijalnoj higijeni u Parizu. Već tada je jasno pokazao da ima jasan koncept organizacije javnozdravstvene službe [3].

Kao čovek tako bogate reputacije već tada, maja 1919. godine počinje karijeru u Beogradu. Dr Milan Jovanović Batut tada već stari renomirani doktor u Beogradu prepoznaje talenat i interesovanje za socijanu medicinu i higijenu kod mladog Štampara. Zato sa svega 31 godinom Štampar uspeva da dobije posao u Ministarstvu narodnog zdravlja, i to ne bi bilo kakav posao već pomoćnika ministra tj. načelnika Odeljenja za rasnu, javnu i socijalnu higijenu. Poznat je njegov citat s kojim je nastupio pred Batutom "Ovdje nemam ni osobnih poznanika, ni prijatelja, ne donosim ni usmene, ni pismene preporuke". Ali Batuta je osvojio svojim zrelim razmišljanjm i dubokim uverenjem o vrednostima zdravlja za ljudsku zajednicu [2].

Sa ograničenim materijalnim i logističkim sredstvima sa kojima je raspolagao, u novoformiranoj zemlji, siromašnoj, zaostaloj, sastavljenoj od raznih naroda i narodnosti i različitih geografskih područja, opustošenoj posle nedavno završenih ratova (Balkanski i I svetski rat), sa stanovništvom koje je izmučeno glađu i bolestima, opterećeno socijalnim problemima, te sa nedovoljno lekara i medicinskog osoblja, Štampar je prionuo na zadatak organizovanja zdravstvene službe. To je za njega bio samo izazov [2].

Međutim, ogromnim ličnim zalaganjem i entuzijazmom uspeo je u samo prvih 5 godina na poziciji u Ministarstvu narodnog zdravlja do 1924. godine da širom tadašnje Kraljevine SHS osnuje čak 250 socijalno-medicinskih ustanova: od domova narodnog zdravlja i zdravstvenih stanica, preko bakterioloških i antimalaričnih stanica, dispanzera za tuberkulozu, ambulanti za polne bolesti, školskih poliklinika, ustanova za odojčad i malu decu, pa sve do Centralnog higijenskog zavoda u Beogradu i Higijenskog zavoda sa Školom narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu.

U isto vreme radio je i na osposobljavanju nedostajućeg zdravstvenog kadra-osnovane su škole za medicinske sestre u Zagrebu, Beogradu, Ljubljani i Skoplju. U program Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu i Zagrebu uvrštena je nastava iz socijalne medicine i higijene. Vođen svojim idealom narodnog prosvećivanja, Štampar u okviru Škole narodnog zdravlja organizuje za to doba inovativni tzv. „Seljački Univerzitet“, u okviru koga se održavaju višemesečni seminari o zdravstvenim pitanjima u ruralnim područjima. [1, 2, 4].

Sledeći svoj ideal, prof. dr Andrija Štampar stvarao je naprednu medicinu, zasnovanu na dokazima čija je jedina uoga bila da služi narodu. Međutim, kako su njegovi ideali u to doba bili okarakterisani kao socijaldemokratski i levičarski početkom 1930-tih godina dolazi u sukob sa vlašću. 1931. godine zato nije uspeo da dobije saglasnost vlasti za izbor u zvanje redovnog profesora higijene i socijalne medicine na Medicinskom fakultetu u Zagrebu [2].

Stoga razočaran, okreće se borbi za narodno zdravlje na međunarodnom nivou. Od 1931. do 1933. godine radi kao stalno zaposleni član Zdravstvene organizacije pri Ligi naroda. Bavi se sasvim novim, ali njemu takođe bliskim poslom, edukacijom zdravstvenih kadrova. Putujući Evropom, kao gostujući profesor drži predavanja na medicinskim fakultetima i školama u Holandiji, Španiji, Grčkoj, Poljskoj, Mađarskoj, i Nemačkoj. Posećuje i SAD i Kanadu kao gost Rokfelerove federacije. 1938. godine drži brojna predavanja na renomiranim medicinskim fakultetima širom SAD, poput Harvarda i Kalifornijskog univerziteta, gde i radi kao profesor tokom 1938/39.-te. Posećuje i Kinu gde se od 1933. do 1936. godine zadržava kao savetnik kineske vlade i radi na poslovima organizovanja zdravstvene službe posle katastrofalnih poplava iz 1931. godine [1,2,3,4,5].

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end of the war, as one of the few highly educated people in the newly formed state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he was appointed a health advisor in the Social Welfare Commission of the National Council in Zagreb [4]. In 1919, he gave a lecture on children's health at the Congress of Allied Countries on Social Hygiene in Paris. Even then, he clearly showed that he has a clear concept of organizing a public health service [3].

As a man of such a rich reputation, even then, in May 1919, he began his career in Belgrade. Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut, then an old renowned doctor in Belgrade, recognized the talent and interest in social medicine and hygiene in the young Štampar. That is why, at the age of only 31, Štampar manages to get a job in the Ministry of Public Health, and that would not be any job, but an assistant minister, that is. Head of the Department of Racial, Public and Social Hygiene. His quote with which he appeared before Batutum is well-known: "I have no personal acquaintances or friends here, I make no oral or written recommendations." But Batut won with his mature thinking and deep conviction about the values of health for the human community [2].

With the limited material and logistical resources at his disposal, in a newly formed country, poor, backward, composed of various peoples and nationalities and different geographical areas, devastated after the recently ended wars (Balkan and World War I), with a population tormented by hunger and diseases, burdened with social problems, and with insufficient doctors and medical staff, Štampar took on the task of organizing a health service. It was just a challenge for him [2].

However, with great personal commitment and enthusiasm, he managed in the first 5 years in the position of the Ministry of Public Health until 1924 to establish as many as 250 social and medical institutions throughout the then Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: from public health homes and health stations, through bacteriological and antimalarial stations, tuberculosis dispensaries, sexually transmitted diseases clinics, school polyclinics,

institutions for infants and young children, all the way to the Central Hygiene Institute in Belgrade and the Hygiene Institute with the School of Public Health in Zagreb. At the same time, he worked on training the missing health staff - schools for nurses were established in Zagreb, Belgrade, Ljubljana and Skopje. The program of the Medical Faculty in Belgrade and Zagreb includes classes in social medicine and hygiene. Guided by his ideal of public enlightenment, Štampar, within the School of Public Health, organized an innovative so-called "Peasant University", within which multi-month seminars on health issues in rural areas are held [1,2,4].

Following his ideal, prof. Dr. Andrija Štampar created advanced medicine, based on evidence whose only purpose was to serve the people. However, as his ideals at the time were characterized as social democratic and leftist in the early 1930’s he came into conflict with the government. In 1931, therefore, he failed to obtain the consent of the authorities for the election to the title of full professor of hygiene and social medicine at the Medical Faculty in Zagreb [2].

Therefore disappointed, he turns to the fight for public health at the international level. From 1931 to 1933 he worked as a full-time member of the Health Organization of the League of Nations. He is engaged in a completely new, but also close to him job, education of health personnel. Traveling through Europe, as a visiting professor, he lectures at medical faculties and schools in the Netherlands, Spain, Greece, Poland, Hungary, and Germany. He also visits the United States and Canada as a guest of the Rockefeller Federation. In 1938, he gave numerous lectures at renowned medical schools throughout the United States, such as Harvard and the University of California, where he worked as a professor during 1938/39. He also visited China, where from 1933 to 1936 he remained as an advisor to the Chinese government and worked on organizing health services after the catastrophic floods of 1931 [1,2,3,4,5].

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Slika broj 1. Andrija Štampar (sa desne strane) u Lančou, Kina, 1930-tih godina [6]

Posle političkih promena u tadašnjoj

Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, Štampar se 1939. godine vraća na službu u Zagreb, gde je konačno potvrđen njegov izbor za redovnog profesora higijene i socijalne medicine. Kao najzreliji i najiskusniji nastavnik već sledeće godine biva izabran za dekana Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i tako se posvećuje reformisanju nastave u okviru medicinske struke. Taj plodonosan rad ubrzo biva ponovo prekinut nemačkom invazijom Jugoslavije 1941. godina. Odmah po ustrojavanju ustaškog režima Štampar biva uhapšen i još jednom kao politički nepodoban biva interniran u logor u Gracu gde je i dočkao oslobođenje 1945. godine. [2]. Po povratku u domovinu, maja 1945. godine ponovo preuzima profesuru, Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Zagrebu i upravu nad Školom narodnog zdravlja. Potom se ređaju uspesi u profesionalnoj karijeri u ponovo novoformiranoj komunističkoj Jugoslaviji. 1947. godine postaje akademik i redovni član Jugoslovenske akademije nauka i umetnosti, čiji će predsednik biti do smrti 1958. godine [2].

Kako na domaćem isto je tako Štampar uspešan i na međunarodnom zdravstvenom planu u svetu posle II svetskog rata. Ono što je možda i najvažnije postignuće Andrije Štampara jeste njegova ključna uloga u formiranju Svetske

zdravstvene organizacije [1]. Od 1946. godine počinje razvoj međunarodne zdravstvene organizacije pri Organizaciji Ujedinjenih Nacija, koja je u formiranju. Godine 1946. bio je izabran za prvog potpredsednika Ekonomsko-socijalnog veća UN-a te za predsednika Privremene (Interimne) komisije, koja je do ratifikacije ustava Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije obavljala dužnost te organizacije [3]. Sam Štampar u okviru ove komisije ima zadatak da pripremi ustavni akt buduće Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, poznat kao „Magna Carta zdravlja“ i čuven zbog svoje idealističke definicije zdravlja „Zdravlje je stanje potpunog fizičkog, mentalnog i socijalnog blagostanja, a ne samo odsustvo bolesti i iznemoglosti“ [1]. U periodu od 1945. do 1948. godine predsedavao je svim sednicama ovog međunarodnog zdravstvenog tela. Onda na sednici od 24. juna do 24. jula 1948. godine u Ženevi kojom je predsedavao Štampar, kao anonimno izabrani predsednik, usvaja se Ustav, koji je izradila komisija pod njegovim vodstvom i osniva se Svetska zdravstvena organizacija [3]. Štampar ostaje aktivan u Svetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, posvećen promovisanju i unapređivanju zdravlja svetske populacije sve do smrti 26. juna 1958. godine [1].

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Picture number 1. Andrija Štampar (on the right) in Lanchow, China, in 1930’s [6]

After the political changes in the then Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Štampar returned to Zagreb in 1939, where his election as a full professor of hygiene and social medicine was finally confirmed. As the most mature and most experienced teacher, he was elected dean of the Medical Faculty in Zagreb the following year, and thus dedicated himself to reforming teaching within the medical profession. This fruitful work was soon interrupted again by the German invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. Immediately after the establishment of the Ustasha regime, Štampar was arrested and once again, as politically unfit, was interned in a camp in Graz, where he was liberated in 1945 [2].

After returning to his homeland, in May 1945, he again took over the professorship, the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Zagreb and the administration of the School of Public Health. Then the successes in his professional career in the newly formed communist Yugoslavia are reduced. In 1947, he became an academician and a regular member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, whose president he would be until his death in 1958 [2].

As well as at home, Štampar is also successful at the international health level in the world after World War II. What is perhaps the most important achievement of Andrija Štampar

is his key role in the formation of the World Health Organization [1]. In 1946, the development of an international health organization within the United Nations began. In 1946, he was elected the first vice-president of the UN Economic and Social Council and the president of the Provisional (Interim) Commission, which performed the duty of that organization until the ratification of the constitution of the World Health Organization [3]. Within this commission, Štampar himself has the task of preparing a constitutional act of the future World Health Organization, known as the "Magna Carta of Health" and famous for its idealistic definition of health. "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being illness and exhaustion. " [1]. In the period from 1945 to 1948, he chaired all the sessions of this international health body. Then, at a session from June 24 to July 24, 1948 in Geneva, chaired by Stampar, as an anonymously elected president, the Constitution was adopted, which was drafted by a commission under his leadership, and the World Health Organization was established [3]. The printer remained active in the World Health Organization, dedicated to promoting and advancing the health of the world's population until his death on June 26, 1958 [1].

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Slika broj 2. Sastanak Privremene (Interimne) komisije u Ženevi 1946. godine, s leva dr Štampar predsednik komisije [6]

Na osmoj redovnoj sednici Svetske zdravstvene organizacije 1955. godine u Meksiko Sitiju, Andrija Štampar biva nagrađen priznanjem fondacije Leon Bernard za celokupan rad i dostignuća na polju javnog zdravlja i socijalne medicine [3].

Danas se rad i delo prof. dr Andrije Štampara nije zaboravilo kako u njegovom rodnom kraju, tako ni u svetu. U Republici Hrvatskoj na Zagrebačkom univerzitetu dodeljuje se godišnja nagrada pojedincima i organizacijama za ostvarene naučne rezultate, promofisanje nauke i struke, te prenos znanja i obrazovanje mladih stručnjaka iz oblasti biomedicinskih nauka koja nosi ime ovog znamenitog profesora [7]. Evropska asocijacija škola javnog zdravlja svake godine na redovnom sastanku dodeljuje prestižno priznanje koje takođe nosi ime Andrije Štampara za postignute uspehe na polju javnog zdravlja [8].

REZIME Život i delo prof. dr Andrije Štampara su izuzetno važni za mlade generacije lekara i naučnika sa ovih prostora. I pored raznih ekonomsko-političkih previranja i prepreka na brdovitom Balkanu, njegov marljivi rad, upornost i požrtvovanost doveli su Dr Štampara do neslućenih uspeha na međunarodnom zdravstvenom polju. Dr Štampar je čak dva puta ni iz čega stvarao zdravstvenu službu u svojoj domovini. Njegova ideologija bila je vera u primarnu društvenu ulogu zdravlja i u mogućnost da se ono socijalno-medicinskim merama unapredi, jer kako je ne jedanput rekao "svatko ima pravo na zdravlje" [2].

Sukob interesa: Dušan Kuljančić - Nema.

LITERATURA:

1. Brown TM, Fee E. Andrija Stampar: charismatic leader of social medicine and international health. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(8):1383. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2006.090084

2. Dugački V., Žižak M., 2020. Medicinski fakultet Zagreb | Andrija Stampar - STUDMEF. [online] stariweb.mef.hr. Dostupno na: http://stariweb.mef.hr/studmef/znanost/ucimo-znanost/andrija-stampar-2.html [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

3. En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Andrija Štampar. [online] Dostupno na: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_%C5%A0tampar#cite_ref-HE_1-3 [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

4. Štampar, Andrija. Hrvatska enciklopedija, mrežno izdanje. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2020. Dostupno na: http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=59892 [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

5. Grmek MD, ed. Serving the Cause of Public Health: Selected Papers of Andrija Stampar. Zagreb, Yugoslavia: Medical Faculty of the University of Zagreb; 1966:16.

6. Croatia.org. Zagreb, 2020. Andrija Stampar, Croatian Scientist, Father Of The World Health Organization. [online] Dostupno na: http://www.croatia.org/crown/articles/9595/1/Andrija-Stampar-is-the-father-of-the-World-Health-Organization.html [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

7. Konecki, M., 2020. Nagrada Andrija Štampar. [online] Unizg.hr. Dostupno na: http://www.unizg.hr/istrazivanje/istrazivanje-i-inovacije/nagrade-za-posebna-postignuca/nagrada-andrija-stampar/ [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

8. Aspher.org. 2020. ASPHER - ANDRIJA STAMPAR MEDAL. [online] Dostupno na: https://www.aspher.org/andrija-stampar-medal.html [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

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Vol. 45 (2020) No. 3 History of medicine

www.tmg.org.rs

Picture number 2. The Interim Commission met in Geneva in 1946. From left, Dr Štampar, a president to the commission [6]

At the eighth regular session of the World Health Organization in 1955 in Mexico City, Andrija Štampar was awarded the recognition of the Leon Bernard Foundation for all work and achievements in the field of public health and social medicine [3].

Today, the work of prof. Dr. Andrija Štampara has not been forgotten both in his homeland and in the world. In the Republic of Croatia, the University of Zagreb awards an annual prize to individuals and organizations for their scientific results, promotion of science and profession, and transfer of knowledge and education of young experts in the field of biomedical sciences named after this famous professor [7]. Every year, the European Association of Schools of Public Health awards a prestigious recognition at a regular meeting, which is also named after Andrija Štampar for his achievements in the field of public health [8].

SUMMARY

Life and work of prof. Dr. Andrija Štampara are extremely important for the young generations of doctors and scientists from this area. Despite various economic and political turmoils and obstacles in the hilly Balkans, his diligent work, perseverance and dedication led Dr. Stampar to unprecedented successes in the international health field. Dr. Štampar even twice created a health service in his homeland out of nothing. His ideology was a belief in the primary social role of health and in the possibility of improving it with social and medical measures, because, as he said more than once, "everyone has the right to health" [2].

Conflict of interest: Dušan Kuljancic- None.

LITERATURE: 1. Brown TM, Fee E. Andrija Stampar: charismatic leader

of social medicine and international health. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(8):1383. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2006.090084

2. Dugački V., Žižak M., 2020. Medicinski fakultet Zagreb | Andrija Stampar - STUDMEF. [online] stariweb.mef.hr. Available:http://stariweb.mef.hr/studmef/znanost/ucimo-znanost/andrija-stampar-2.html [Accessed 25.10.2020.].

3. En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Andrija Štampar. [online] Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_%C5%A0tampar#cite_ref-HE_1-3 [Accessed 25.10.2020.]

4. Štampar, Andrija. Hrvatska enciklopedija, mrežno izdanje. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2020. Available from:http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=59892 [Accessed 25.10.2020.].

5. Grmek MD, ed. Serving the Cause of Public Health: Selected Papers of Andrija Stampar. Zagreb, Yugoslavia: Medical Faculty of the University of Zagreb; 1966:16.

6. Croatia.org. Zagreb, 2020. Andrija Stampar, Croatian Scientist, Father Of The World Health Organization. [online] Available from:http://www.croatia.org/crown/articles/9595/1/Andrija-Stampar-is-the-father-of-the-World-Health-Organization.html [Pristupljeno 25.10.2020.].

7. Konecki, M., 2020. Nagrada Andrija Štampar. [online] Unizg.hr. Available from:http://www.unizg.hr/istrazivanje/istrazivanje-i-inovacije/nagrade-za-posebna-postignuca/nagrada-andrija-stampar/ [Accessed 25.10.2020.].

8. Aspher.org. 2020. ASPHER - ANDRIJA STAMPAR MEDAL. [online] Available from:https://www.aspher.org/andrija-stampar-medal.html [Accessed 25.10.2020.].

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