ANDAND

WaterWater TreatmentTreatment & WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatmentWaterWater TreatmentTreatment & WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment

Suggested StepsSuggested Steps inin WaterWater PurificationPurificationSuggested StepsSuggested Steps inin WaterWater PurificationPurification•Water comes from the stream

•Settling pond - Al2(SO4)3 - ALUM - added to pull clay

particles downward•Filtration - passing it through porous material (sand)•Adsorption - use of Carbon to remove organic pollutants•Biological oxidation - use of bacteria & microbes - oxygen helps the organisms grow & eliminate colloidal particles

•Disinfection - addition of Chlorine, Ozone, or UV to eliminate harmful pathogens•Voluntary fluoride treatment & storage in water tower for drinking water

WaterWater TreatmentTreatment (forfor drinkingdrinking)WaterWater TreatmentTreatment (forfor drinkingdrinking)

FamilyFamily WaterWater UseUseFamilyFamily WaterWater UseUse

WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment DiagramDiagramWastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment DiagramDiagram

StepsSteps inin WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatmentStepsSteps inin WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment•Wastewater sent to plant through sanitary sewer pipes•Pre-treatment - bar screen removes debris•Primary 1: settling tank- (removes grit), 2: clarifier- (lets sludge settle while oil is removed by use of a skimmer)•Secondary - 1: aeration tank -(colloids & organics removed by hungry bacteria -aeration increases bacterial growth - substance produced called activated sludge), 2: clarifier- (lets activated sludge settle - some is reused in aeration tank & the rest goes to anaerobic digester), 3: disinfection- (by Chlorine, Ozone, or sunlight in Wetland) •Tertiary - removal of chemicals (P, N, etc) - not required!•Anaerobic digester - sludge from primary and secondary treatment breaks down waste further and can then be disposed in a landfill or treated and used as fertilizer•Water returned to the stream

Primary Treatment - Clarifier Primary Treatment - Clarifier Primary Treatment - Clarifier Primary Treatment - Clarifier

PrimaryPrimary TreatmentTreatment (OilOil SkimmerSkimmer)PrimaryPrimary TreatmentTreatment (OilOil SkimmerSkimmer)

Secondary TreatmentSecondary Treatment - Biological OxidationBiological Oxidation (Aeration Tank)Aeration Tank)

Secondary TreatmentSecondary Treatment - Biological OxidationBiological Oxidation (Aeration Tank)Aeration Tank)

SecondarySecondary TreatmentTreatment (TricklingTrickling)SecondarySecondary TreatmentTreatment (TricklingTrickling)

After Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge & After Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge & Activated Sludge - UsesActivated Sludge - Uses

Biogas - produced (along with sludge) during anaerobic digestion - can be used as a source of fuel for energy

Co-composting -- combined post-consumer waste paper with treated sludge (then decomposed by bacteria) for use as fertilizer for animal crops only

Pasteurization - drying sludge in ovens to kill pathogens (treated), then can be made into pellets and sold as fertilizer

RestoredRestored OrlandoOrlando WetlandsWetlandsRestoredRestored OrlandoOrlando WetlandsWetlands

Natures Method of Water TreatmentNatures Method of Water Treatment

•Settling ponds to collect large particles•Filtration by percolating water through soil•Soil and humus absorb organic nutrients

•Biological filters - bacteria, microbes in soil & water eat dissolved organic material

•Disinfection - sunlight over 1 week’s time provides the needed UV to kill pathogens•In other words -- a WETLAND area!In other words -- a WETLAND area!

TheThe ValueValue ofof WetlandsWetlandsTheThe ValueValue ofof WetlandsWetlands•Filter Toxic Waste, sediment, nutrients•Help prevent erosion

•Reduce flooding by storing storm water

•Reduce storm damage- absorb waves

•Feeding, resting spot for migratory birds

•Provides nesting grounds for aquatic species

•Provide food & habitat for aquatic species