And Our Next Speaker is….And Our Next Speaker is….

Tom FangTom FangProject EngineerProject Engineer

LACSDLACSD

who will discussionwho will discussionCost of ControlsCost of Controls

Diesel Emission Controls:Diesel Emission Controls:Types and CostsTypes and Costs

Tom C. FangTom C. FangLA County Sanitation DistrictsLA County Sanitation Districts

(562) 699(562) 699--7411 x21327411 x2132tfangtfang@@lacsdlacsd.org.org

SCAP Engine Regulation 101SCAP Engine Regulation 101October 6, 2005October 6, 2005

Types of ICE Emission ControlsTypes of ICE Emission Controls

•• Fuel alternativesFuel alternatives•• Oxidation Catalysts (Oxidation Catalysts (DOCsDOCs))•• Diesel Particulate Filters (Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFsDPFs))

–– Passive and Active RegenerationPassive and Active Regeneration•• Engine/Combustion modificationsEngine/Combustion modifications•• SCRSCR•• NSCR (3NSCR (3--Way Catalyst)Way Catalyst)•• OthersOthers

MOSTDIESEL PMCONTROLS

Application TypesApplication Types

••Mobile VehiclesMobile Vehicles–– OnOn--roadroad–– OffOff--roadroad

••Stationary EnginesStationary Engines–– Backup electrical generatorsBackup electrical generators

••Portable EquipmentPortable Equipment

CARB Verified TechnologiesCARB Verified Technologies

•• CARB List of currently verified devicesCARB List of currently verified deviceswww.www.arbarb.ca..ca.govgov/diesel//diesel/verdevverdev//verdevverdev..htmhtm

•• Level 1:Level 1: ≥≥ 25% PM Reduction25% PM Reduction•• Level 2:Level 2: ≥≥ 50% PM Reduction50% PM Reduction•• Level 3:Level 3: ≥≥ 85% PM Reduction, or85% PM Reduction, or

≤≤ 0.01 g/0.01 g/bhpbhp--hr PMhr PM•• Low sulfur fuel requirement, mostLow sulfur fuel requirement, most ≤≤1515 ppmppm

Mobile Vehicle ControlsMobile Vehicle Controls

Level I ControlsLevel I Controls§§ Lubrizol ECS AZ Purifier & AZLubrizol ECS AZ Purifier & AZ PurimufflerPurimuffler DOCDOC§§ Donaldson DCM DOC MufflerDonaldson DCM DOC Muffler§§ Donaldson DOC + Spiracle Crankcase FilterDonaldson DOC + Spiracle Crankcase Filter§§ CleaireCleaire (Cummins) Flash and Match DOC(Cummins) Flash and Match DOC§§ ExtengineExtengine ADEC DOC + SCRADEC DOC + SCR

Lubrizol/Engine Control SystemsLubrizol/Engine Control Systems•• AZ Purifier and AZAZ Purifier and AZ PurimufflerPurimuffler•• Level 1 DOC, 25Level 1 DOC, 25--40% PM removal40% PM removal•• OffOff--road ’96road ’96--’02 engines’02 engines•• OnOn--road ’91road ’91--’03 engines’03 engines

•• OnOn--roadroad verifverif. also for. also for’’7373--’’93 Detroit Diesels93 Detroit Diesels

•• No T requirementNo T requirement•• Cost: $1300Cost: $1300--3000 plus3000 plus

~$500 installation~$500 installation

(Note: All costs approximate)(Note: All costs approximate)

DonaldsonDonaldson

•• “DCM” DOC Muffler“DCM” DOC Muffler•• W/ Spiracle crankcaseW/ Spiracle crankcase

(CCV) filtration system(CCV) filtration system•• 25% PM removal25% PM removal•• T >212T >212--10001000 ooFF•• OnOn--road ’88road ’88--’02 engines’02 engines•• OffOff--road ’96road ’96--’03 engines’03 engines•• Cost: $1900Cost: $1900--2800, $500 installation, ~$450 for Spiracle2800, $500 installation, ~$450 for Spiracle

ExtengineExtengine•• DOC with SCR and NH3 slip catalystsDOC with SCR and NH3 slip catalysts•• Minimum T= 355Minimum T= 355 ooFF for >55% operating cyclefor >55% operating cycle•• OffOff--road ’91road ’91--’95 Cummins 5.9L engines’95 Cummins 5.9L engines•• Removals:Removals: 25% PM,25% PM, 80%80% NOxNOx•• NH3 or urea cylindersNH3 or urea cylinders•• Additional verificationsAdditional verifications

pending (onpending (on--road/DPF)road/DPF)•• Cost: $12,500Cost: $12,500--14,50014,500

+ $3000 installation+ $3000 installation

Mobile Vehicle ControlsMobile Vehicle ControlsLevel II ControlsLevel II Controls§§ LubrizolLubrizol PuriNOxPuriNOx§§ LubrizolLubrizol PuriNoxPuriNox + ECS AZ+ ECS AZ PurimufflerPurimuffler or Purifieror Purifier§§ Environmental Solutions Worldwide PM reactorEnvironmental Solutions Worldwide PM reactor

LubrizolLubrizol PuriNOxPuriNOx•• Emulsified diesel fuel with water and additivesEmulsified diesel fuel with water and additives•• Removals: PM= 50Removals: PM= 50--65%,65%, NOxNOx= 15%= 15%•• OnOn--road ’88road ’88--’03 engines’03 engines•• Penalty: 10Penalty: 10--20% on peak power and fuel economy20% on peak power and fuel economy•• Stable but need agitation/Stable but need agitation/recircrecirc. to prevent layering. to prevent layering•• Other storage & filtration needsOther storage & filtration needs•• W/ DOC, verifiedW/ DOC, verified 20%20% NOxNOx removalremoval

for offfor off--road ’96road ’96--’02 engines’02 engines•• Cost: VariesCost: Varies --12 to +25 cents/gal12 to +25 cents/gal

from regular dieselfrom regular diesel

Mobile Vehicle ControlsMobile Vehicle ControlsLevel III ControlsLevel III Controls§§ Clean Air Partners DPFClean Air Partners DPF§§ Donaldson DPM DPFDonaldson DPM DPF§§ International Corp. DPX DPFInternational Corp. DPX DPF§§ JohnsonJohnson MattheyMatthey CRT and CCRT DOC+DPFCRT and CCRT DOC+DPF§§ JohnsonJohnson MattheyMatthey EGRTEGRT§§ Lubrizol ECSLubrizol ECS PurifilterPurifilter§§ Lubrizol ECSLubrizol ECS UnikatUnikat CombifilterCombifilter (active)(active)§§ CleaireCleaire Flash and Catch (Cummins+JM or Engelhard)Flash and Catch (Cummins+JM or Engelhard)§§ CleaireCleaire Longview SystemLongview System

DonaldsonDonaldson

•• “DPM” DPF Muffler with Passive regeneration“DPM” DPF Muffler with Passive regeneration•• Level 3: 85% PM reductionLevel 3: 85% PM reduction•• OnOn--road ’94road ’94--’04 engines’04 engines•• Needs T >437Needs T >437 ooFF•• Needs back P monitorNeeds back P monitor•• Cost: $7000Cost: $7000--90009000

plus installationplus installation

JohnsonJohnson MattheyMatthey•• CRT and CCRT, DOC+DPF+Back P monitorCRT and CCRT, DOC+DPF+Back P monitor•• Passive regeneration: Minimum T for >40% timePassive regeneration: Minimum T for >40% time

CRT = 500CRT = 500 ooFF, CCRT = 392, CCRT = 392 ooFF•• OnOn--road ’94road ’94--’06 engines’06 engines•• CRT is compatible with B20 (20%CRT is compatible with B20 (20% biodieselbiodiesel))•• CRT: ~$7500CRT: ~$7500

CCRT: ~$8500CCRT: ~$8500plus $900 installationplus $900 installation

JohnsonJohnson MattheyMatthey EGRTEGRT

•• CRT (DOC+DPF+P monitor) with Exhaust GasCRT (DOC+DPF+P monitor) with Exhaust Gas RecircRecirc..•• Verified removals: 85% PM,Verified removals: 85% PM, 40%40% NOxNOx•• 500500 ooFF minimum T required for CRT regenerationminimum T required for CRT regeneration•• OnOn--road 2000road 2000--2001 engines2001 engines•• Cost: ~$22,000 installedCost: ~$22,000 installed

Lubrizol/Engine Control SystemsLubrizol/Engine Control Systems•• PurifilterPurifilter with Passive regenerationwith Passive regeneration•• OnOn--road ’94road ’94--’03 engines’03 engines•• Needs T >536Needs T >536 ooFF for 25% timefor 25% time•• Back P monitorBack P monitor•• Cost: $6K to 8K + installationCost: $6K to 8K + installation

•• CombifilterCombifilter with Active regenerationwith Active regeneration•• Regeneration required after 8Regeneration required after 8--10 hrs10 hrs•• OffOff--road ’96road ’96--’02 engines’02 engines•• Fuel economy penalty ~5%Fuel economy penalty ~5%•• Cost: $17K to 20K + installationCost: $17K to 20K + installation

CleaireCleaire•• Longview: Passive DPF +Longview: Passive DPF + NOxNOx catalystcatalyst•• OnOn--road ’93road ’93--’03 Cummins engines’03 Cummins engines•• 85% PM and85% PM and 25%25% NOxNOx removalremoval•• Back P monitorBack P monitor•• 33--7% fuel penalty7% fuel penalty•• Cost: ~$16,000 + $2400 installationCost: ~$16,000 + $2400 installation

Stationary Emergency GeneratorsStationary Emergency GeneratorsLevel III ControlLevel III Control§§ CleanAirCleanAir SystemsSystems

•• PERMIT DPF: Passive regeneration w/ back P monitorPERMIT DPF: Passive regeneration w/ back P monitor•• Stationary ’96Stationary ’96--’05 engines’05 engines•• 570570 ooFF minimum T for 30% time or 2 hrsminimum T for 30% time or 2 hrs•• Max 240 consecutive minutes at idleMax 240 consecutive minutes at idle•• Cleaning/disposal after 5000 hrsCleaning/disposal after 5000 hrs•• Approx Cost: 150Approx Cost: 150--350 kW ~$13K, 350350 kW ~$13K, 350--600 kW ~$36K600 kW ~$36K

600600--950 kW ~$52K, + shipping & installation950 kW ~$52K, + shipping & installation

§§ Others available but not CARB verifiedOthers available but not CARB verified

Capital Cost of ControlsCapital Cost of Controls

All values are approximate installed costs vs. the average of HPAll values are approximate installed costs vs. the average of HP range.range.

PM Control Installed Costs vs. Engine Size

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 200 400 600 800 1000Engine Size (HP)

Dol

lars

Per

HP

DPF StationaryDPF (Level 3) MobileDOC (Level 1) Mobile

Application IssuesApplication Issues•• Removal required for PM andRemoval required for PM and NOxNOx•• Engine make & model yearEngine make & model year•• Exhaust temperatures (some require measurement)Exhaust temperatures (some require measurement)•• Maintenance or regeneration frequencyMaintenance or regeneration frequency•• Fuel sulfur content (ULS 15Fuel sulfur content (ULS 15 ppmppm))•• Back pressure limitationsBack pressure limitations•• Fuel or power penaltiesFuel or power penalties•• Physical space restrictionsPhysical space restrictions•• Warranty (5 years, 150K miles typical)Warranty (5 years, 150K miles typical)•• Source testing, if not verifiedSource testing, if not verified•• Funding sources and limitationsFunding sources and limitations

Vendor ContactsVendor Contacts (1 of 2)(1 of 2)

•• CleaireCleaire,, www.cleaire.comwww.cleaire.comCummins Cal Pacific,Cummins Cal Pacific, FarzanFarzan RoshdiehRoshdieh (949)253(949)253--60166016

•• Clean Air Power,Clean Air Power, www.cleanairpower.comwww.cleanairpower.comFritz Tan (281)463Fritz Tan (281)463--88838883Kevin Campbell (909)393Kevin Campbell (909)393--79337933

•• CleanAIRCleanAIR Systems,Systems, www.clearairsys.comwww.clearairsys.comDaniel Serrano (505)474Daniel Serrano (505)474--4120 x2034120 x203

•• Donaldson,Donaldson, www.donaldson.comwww.donaldson.comChris Dutton (916)457Chris Dutton (916)457--70197019IronmanIronman Parts, Monica George (951)520Parts, Monica George (951)520--29292929

Vendor ContactsVendor Contacts (2 of 2)(2 of 2)

•• ExtengineExtengine,, www.extension.comwww.extension.comDick Carlson (714)774Dick Carlson (714)774--3569,3569, OdieOdie Deck (562)519Deck (562)519--20372037

•• JohnsonJohnson MattheyMatthey,, www.www.jmusajmusa.com.comDougDoug EmigEmig (925)362(925)362--82428242BoernerBoerner Trucks, Jim Gardner (323)855Trucks, Jim Gardner (323)855--98159815

•• Lubrizol/Lubrizol/PuriNOxPuriNOx,, www.www.lubrizollubrizol.com/.com/PuriNOxPuriNOxRonRon DunfeeDunfee (440)347(440)347--61166116

•• Engine Control Systems,Engine Control Systems, www.www.lubrizollubrizol.com/.com/EngineControlEngineControlEd Richards or Michelle Bellamy (905)853Ed Richards or Michelle Bellamy (905)853--55005500BoernerBoerner Trucks, Jim Gardner (323)855Trucks, Jim Gardner (323)855--98159815

Next upNext up

Speaker:Speaker: Monet WongMonet Wong

Topic:Topic: Funding sources for control devicesFunding sources for control devicesand other compliance strategiesand other compliance strategies