and imperialism: creating the modern world, industry, revolution,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Industry, Revolution, and and Imperialism: Creating
the Modern World,1750-1914 CE
![Page 2: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
6 Major Changes
• Population Growth• Energy• Communication and
Transportation• Industry• Liberalism• Imperialism
![Page 3: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1: Population GrowthWorld Population, 400 BCE - 2000 CE
![Page 4: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
More examples of population growth
• # of cities over 1 million people– 1800: 9– 1900: 27
• % of people living in cities– 1800: 2%– 1900: 10%
Beijing
![Page 5: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A growing population meant that human needs for resources—for
energy—was growing, too.
And humans dealt with this need by using
fossil fuels which allowed
for the industrial
revolution!
![Page 6: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2: EnergyThe Old Ways
• Wood• Human• Animal
![Page 7: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Fossil Fuel Revolution
The biological old regime ends when vast new sources of
energy come into use:
CoalPetroleum
Gas
![Page 8: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Steam Power
• Steam powered pump engine allows humans to pump water out of coal mines which leads to increased coal production
• By 1900, 90% of world’s energy consumption is coal
1 billion metric tons
1900
130 million metric tons
1860
10 million metric tons
1750
![Page 9: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
and with better and
better steam engines to
harness coal’s energy…
![Page 10: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835
People could produce more
efficiently.
3. Industrial Revolution
![Page 11: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In Britain coal mines were close to factories and cities.
In China coal mines were far from factories and cities.
How might history have been different if the closest sources of coal available to Britain were, say, in the Carpathian Mountains of southeastern Europe?
![Page 12: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Robert Fulton’s Clermont steamship
1807
Steam and coal create
faster modes of transport.
![Page 13: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam
locomotive1829
Railroads!
![Page 14: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Industrial Revolution
Fossil fuel energy in production and transportation
![Page 15: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Industrial Products
• Textiles• Manufacturing• Farming and Food• Steel• Transportation: trains and steamships• Communications: telegraph and
telephone• Automobiles and skyscrapers
![Page 16: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Industrial Revolution allowed
for new global economic
relationships.
![Page 17: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cotton exports from agrarian economies to industrial economies
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
U.S.A.
Egypt India
Russia
![Page 18: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
![Page 19: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Percentage of World GDP Western Europe and North America vs. Asia
The Modern Revolution shifted the world’s economic center.
![Page 20: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Industrialism leads to changes
• Unequal distribution of wealth. – Wealth is concentrated in industrial
countries among a small group of people
• Environmental impacts– Deforestation, water pollution, air
pollution, invasive species
• Famines- Irish potato famine
![Page 21: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
So much was
changing so fast…
How could people
keep up?
![Page 22: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
RailroadSteamboat
Transatlantic cableNewspaper
4. Communication and Transportation Revolution
![Page 23: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Railway Development in Europe
⇐1840
⇐1850
![Page 24: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Railway Development in Europe
1880
![Page 25: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Old limits on how much
energy people could use were
gone!
People tore down other limits too…
Revolution was in the air
5. Liberalism (revolution,democracy, and capitalism)
![Page 26: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Adam Smith argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776).
New economic ideas• People should be
able to buy and sell land freely.
• People should be able to buy and sell labor freely.
• People should be able to buy and sell goods freely.
![Page 27: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tom Paine argued for these ideas in
Common Sense (1775)
New political ideas:•People should be free to choose their government.•Government should protect people’s liberties.•People should have equal rights.
![Page 28: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Governments created
representative institutions.
Governments wrote
constitutions.
Governments promoted education.
![Page 29: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
French National Assembly
1789
United States Constitution
1787
Ottoman Turkish Regulations for Public Education 1869
![Page 30: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ascendancy of Liberalism
• Rational thought and behavior
• Civil freedoms and legal equality- Abolition
• Rule of law• Constitutional and
limited government • The right to vote and
be educated-women and poor
• Technical and scientific progress
• Free market economy• Nationalism that
advances the community of nations: self-determination
• Worker rights- Socialism
• Gender equality
![Page 31: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
6. Imperialism
• The industrial revolution and political revolutions led to nationalism and powerful nation-states, particularly in Europe
• With increased power and competition, industrial nations raced to create colonies
![Page 32: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Industrial technology
could be used not only to
create, but to destroy.
![Page 33: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
And more of the world was colonized than ever before.
![Page 34: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The European Moment
Land surface of the world controlled by Europeans:
•1800 35%•1878 67%•1914 88%
But . . . duration of European world domination in the past 2000 years:
80yrs
![Page 35: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The need for resources:
• Sugar• Cotton• Rubber• Cacao• Peanuts• Oil• Minerals and metals • Gold• Diamonds
![Page 36: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Racial Justification
• Social Darwinism- The right and duty of superior civilizations to spread democracy, Christianity, and Anglo Saxon culture to inferior people
• Rudyard Kipling: “The White Man’s Burden”
• “Scientific” theories of race
![Page 37: and Imperialism: Creating the Modern World, Industry, Revolution, …wh2remsen.weebly.com/.../industrialization-imperialism_.pdf · 2019. 10. 4. · and Imperialism: Creating the](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022071001/5fbd6e105849d46804357e0e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)