and complete questions 1-6 when you are finished **use reading … · 2016-11-26 · contributions...
TRANSCRIPT
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Do Now
• Read “The First Written Records” and complete questions 1-6 when you are finished
**Use reading strategies you are familiar with**
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Early River Valley Civilizations
• Complete the Early River Valley Civilizations as a class on the map provided using 4 different colored pencils
• Create a key when you are finished
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Timeline • Review the timeline with your partner • Using the map and the timeline as
resources complete the questions below:
1. Which civilization was the first to form? 2. Why do you think the first civilizations developed where they did?
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SWBAT
• Explain features of Sumer and the civilization’s contributions
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Mesopotamia
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• Mesopotamia is Greek meaning, “land between the rivers” • Present day Iraq
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Geography
• Located in a larger region known as the Fertile Crescent – between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
• First settlers built small villages along the banks of the rivers – where they flooded & had the most fertile soil to farm
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Geography • Flooding
–Tigris and Euphrates commonly flooded & wiped away settlements
–The two rivers were unpredictable in their flooding
»People banded together to build canals & dikes
»Moved settlements uphill
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Geography • Sumer never developed into one single
unified country, but the Sumerians were the first people to develop a civilization (3500 BC)
• Sumer was a collection of wide spread city-states: Uruk, Ur, Kish, Larsa, Lagash, Nippur, Akkad, Eridu –United under Sargon the Great City-states warred over water & food
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Geography Cities • Sumerians had few natural
resources had to build with clay & water = bricks
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Government • Sargon the Great
– The Legend • His mother placed him in a reed basket
and sent him down the Euphrates • A farmer found him and raised him • Became kings cupbearer (most trusted
servant) • Overthrew the king & united Sumerian
city-states • Established the Akkadian Empire (2300
BC)
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Mesopotamia (continued)
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Do Now • Read “The Epic of Gilgamesh” (don’t
forget to read the intro, and I suggest you read it twice)
• Discuss questions 1-3 with your partner.
• Strategically highlight the text and jot responses at the bottom of the page
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Government • The Babylonians (2000 BC)
– The Babylonians were the next major empire to control Mesopotamia
– Babylon was the economic center of Mesopotamia, and Hammurabi becomes king
– Achievements • Gate of Ishtar (Nebuchadnezzar) • Number system based on 60
(hours/minutes/seconds) • Figured out the solar year of 365 ¼ days
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Gate of Ishtar
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Social Classes: Very strict hierarchy
King, priests, nobles & government officials
Merchants, artisans & farmers
Peasant Farmers,
Slaves
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Religion
• Polytheistic – worshipped many gods
• Believed in the afterlife
• Gods & goddesses ruled natural elements on which the Sumerians depended on
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Ziggurat
• Both religious & administrative temples, built to honor the gods
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Religion • Religion & politics were intertwined
• Kings were the chief priest & considered semi-divine
• Center of activity revolved around the ziggurat
– Ziggurat step-like pyramids
– Education, trade, religious ceremonies, the mandating of laws
• City-states of Sumer shared deities, but each city-state worshipped a unique god
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DBQ Practice
• On your own, examine, then complete the “DBQ: Examining Primary Sources” questions
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Trade • Along with farming – Sumerian
city-states became dependent on trade
• Began trade with people from Egypt & India
• Traded for raw materials: wood, stone & metals
• First wheeled vehicles?
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Contributions • Developed pictographs too
complicated to create so they simplified it
Cuneiform: (3200 BC) Simplified pictographs that represented sounds instead of objects
- Wedge-shaped characters were pressed into clay tablets to keep records
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• Sumer- Middle East
• 5000s-2000s BCE
• Probable cause of demise: Invasion
• Pictured: U.S. Soldiers climb the steps of the Ziggurat of Ur, a Sumerian monument built during the Early Bronze Age (21st century BC).
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Wrap Up
• Describe Sumer’s contributions to civilization and how those contributions influenced other civilizations.
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Code of Hammurabi
SWBAT Evaluate evidence and explain what we can learn about Babylonia from
Hammurabi’s Code
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Do Now
• How did cuneiform benefit Sumerian civilization?
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Evaluation of Evidence
• We must evaluate all evidence
• To evaluate evidence, we ask:
–Why is a document useful?
–What are its limitations?
–What other information do we need?
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Who was Hammurabi? • Member of the
Amorite dynasty
• King of Babylon from 1792-1750 BCE
• United all of Mesopotamia under the Babylonian Empire Relief of Hammurabi and the
god Shamash
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Hammurabi’s Code
• First written law code
• Laws for Babylonian society (300)
• Tool to unify expanding empire
• “That the strong might not injure the weak”
• Allowed everyone to know the rules
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• Most well known surviving copy of the code is an inscription on a stone slab called a stela
• 7 feet high, 2.5 feet wide
• Laws were written vertically from right to left
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Loss and Unearthing
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Central Historical Question:
What can we learn about Babylonia from Hammurabi’s Code?
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Group Activity! • Listen to reading of Document A as
a model for how you should be reading closely to documents.
• Divide into groups.
• Read Documents A-C, one at a time, completing the “Guiding Questions” as you finish each document as a group.
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Summary • Complete the “Summary” page on
your own
• This will be collected for a grade
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A Mesopotamian Acrostic
• To review Mesopotamian civilizations, for each letter of MESOPOTAMIA, you will “write, draw, and explain” a piece of the civilization starting with that letter.