AncientWorldHistory:OverviewofBiblicalHistoryfromCreationtothe

FirstCenturyDr.ChristopherCone

drcone.com calvary.edu tyndale.edu

LectureModuleTopics• Module1– Method,Content,SyntheticandTheologicalOverviews• Module2– ChronologicalOverview

• Module3– OTHistory:Creation– Conquest• Module4– OTHistory:TimesofJudges– Israel’sUnitedKingdom

• Module5 – OTHistory:Israel’sDividedKingdom – EndofOT• Module6 – IntertestamentalPeriod• Module7– Jesus’EarthlyMinistry• Module8– TheFirst-CenturyChurch• Module9– Implications

Module5OTHistory:Israel’sDividedKingdom –

EndofOTDr.ChristopherCone

7.Israel’sDividedKingdom 931-605/586

• Books• Chronological:1Kings11-22and2Kings• Complementary:2Chronicles• Prophetic:NorthernandSouthernProphets

• KeyPlayers• Assyria• Babylon

• KeyEvents• Division– 931(1Kin11[2Chron 15:9])• FalloftheNorth– 721(2Kin17)• AnnouncementofNewCovenant(Jer31)

• FalloftheSouth– 605,597,586(2Kin24-25)

*Simeon– 2Chron 15:9

TheDividedKingdom

TheLastKingsofJudah

Assyria• Nineveh– capitalcity• Origins

• Genesis2:14,10:11• WorldPowerin9th-7th centuries

• KeyEvents• Pul invades(2Kin15:19-20)• Tiglath Pilazer treatywithAhaz(16:7-18)• Shalmaneser,exile(17)• Sennacharib assaultsJudah(18-19/Is.37)

• KeyProphets• Jonah – opportunityforrepentance• Isaiah7-8,10:5-10 – instrumentofjudgment

• Isaiah10:12-19– judgmentonAssyria• DefeatedbyBabylonin609/605(BattleofCarchemish)

• Today– N.Iraq,NE.Syria,SE.Turkey,NWIran

Babylon• Becameprominentin19th-centuryBabylonunderHammurabi• UnderAssyriandominationfrom9th-7th centuries• Neo-BabylonianEmpireworldpowerfrom609-539,especiallyunderNebuchadnezzarII(634-562).• RisetoprominenceinIsraeliperspective– 2Kings17:24,20:14• Habakkuk’sprophecy• ExileofJudah– 2Kings24-25• FelltoMedo-Persiain539– Daniel5

8.SouthernIsrael’sExile 605/586-516

• Books• Chronological:2Kings24-25• Prophetic:Lamentations,Ezekiel,Daniel

• KeyIdeas• 3Exiles(605,597,586)• Danielin1st (605)• Ezekielin2nd (writing593)

• KeyPlayers• Babylon• Medo Persia

• KeyEvents• TheExile/FallofJerusalem(2Kin24-25,Lam1-5)

• TheFiveWorldPowers(Dan2)• TheFallofBabylon(Dan5)• ThePropheticTimeline(Dan9)• AnnouncementofIsrael’sRegeneration(Ezek 37)

• AnnouncementoftheMillennialTemple(Ezek 40-48)

*Simeon– 2Chron 15:9

Daniel2TheWorldPowers

Medo Persia

• ProphesiedinstrumentofjudgmentonBabylon(Is13:17-18,Jer 51:28)• InvadedBabylonin539• Cyrusdecreedrebuildingoftemple– Ezra5:13• XerxesdecreedrebuildingofJerusalem(445)– Nehemiah2:5-9• ConqueredbyAlexandertheGreatin331• ModernIran

Daniel9– TheFutureTimeline

• 707’s• Dealingwithsin

• tofinishthetransgression• tomakeanendofsin• tomakeatonementforiniquity(Christatthecross)

• Dealingwithrighteousness• tobringineverlastingrighteousness(Jer.23:5-6;31)• tosealupvisionandprophecy– tosealinthesenseofroyalauthentication,fulfillingGod’splan

• toanointthemostholy– eitherreferringtothetempleortheMessiah

Daniel9– TheMath

• 70x7=490units(years)• Propheticyearsare360day(lunar)ratherthan365(solar)• 445decreefromArtexerxes (Neh 2)

• 445BC+483years• Thefirst483:

• 483yearsfrom445BCwouldbe38AD,minus6yearsforlunaradjustment=32AD.

• Thefinal7:• Theprince’scovenant

9.Israel’sRestoration– IntertestamentalPeriod535-400

• Books:• Chronological:Ezra,Nehemiah• Complementary:Esther• Prophetic:Zechariah,Haggai,Malachi

• KeyPlayers• Medo-Persia

• KeyEvents• 1st Return/Zerubbabelin537(Ezra1-6)• CompletionofTemplein516(Ezra6)• Purimin473(Esther9:26)• 2nd Return/Ezrain458(Ezra7-10)• Artaxerxes’Decreein445(Neh 2)• CompletionofWallin445(Neh 6:15)

9.Israel’sRestoration– IntertestamentalPeriod535-400

• Books:• Chronological:Ezra,Nehemiah• Complementary:Esther• Prophetic:Zechariah,Haggai,Malachi

• KeyPlayers• Medo-Persia

• KeyEvents• 1st Return/Zerubbabelin537(Ezra1-6)• CompletionofTemplein516(Ezra6)• Purimin473(Esther9:26)• 2nd Return/Ezrain458(Ezra7-10)• Artaxerxes’Decreein445(Neh 2)• CompletionofWallin445(Neh 6:15)

Module6IntertestamentalPeriod

Dr.ChristopherCone

10.IntertestamentalHistory 400-4BC

• KeyPassages• Amos8:11• Malachi3:1-2,4:5-6• Extrabiblical:1and2Maccabees

• KeyPlayers• Greece• Rome• Samaritans• Pharisees• Sadducees• Essenes• Zealots

• KeyEvents• GreekRiseandFall

• Culture,philosophy,etc.• Maccabean/HasmoneanPeriod(166-63)

• Antiochus’Sacrifice(167)• RequiredpagansacrificesthroughoutIsrael• Mattathias,aLeviteinModein,andfivesonsrefusedandledarevolt,killingtroops.

• TheresultingMaccabeanRevolt.• IsraelgainedfreedomfromtheSeleucids,andwasrecognizedbyRomanSenateasindependent.(TheHasmoneanPeriod)

• ThePurificationoftheTemple(165)• Hanukkah

• RiseofKoine• TranslationofLXX

• RiseofOralTraditioninIsrael

Daniel2TheWorldPowers

Greece

• ProphesiedinDaniel2,8,and11• Greece=citystatesuntil336,whenAlexandertheGreatbecamekingofMacedonia.• Worldpoweruntil323,whenAlexanderwaskilled(asinDan8:1-8).• Kingdomdividedamongfourgenerals:Ptolemy,Seleucas,Lysimachus,andCassander.• AntiochusIV,Epiphanes(Seleucid)sacrificespigonaltartoZeusinthetemple

Rome• Aseriesoftownsfrom6th-1st centuries,ruleofimperiumbeganaround100BC

• Worldpowerfrom27BC-476AD• GeneralPompeyinvadedJerusalemin63BC• JuliusCaesardefeatedPompeyin45BC,andJudaismlegalized

• RomanSenatedeclaredHerodtheGreat“kingoftheJews”in40BC,beginningHerodiandynasty

• Judea,Samaria,Idumea becameRomanprovinceofIoudea in6BC

• ConflictcontinueduntilRomesackedJerusalemandthetemplein70AD,endingIsrael’spoliticalexistencefornearlytwomillennia

• AftertheSiegeofJerusalem,HadrianrenamedtheprovinceIoudea toSyriaPalaestina

• WesternRomanEmpirefellin476• Eastern(Byzantine)Empiresubsisteduntil1453

Samaritans

• FromNorthernExile,Samaria

ScribesandPharisees

• LoyaltoLaw• EspeciallyOral• Resurrection• Legalists• Developedsynagogue

Sadducees

• RejectedallbutTorah• Noresurrection• Pragmatic• Wealthy• PositivetoRome

Essenes Zealots

• Philo,Josephus,Eusebius• Separatists• Communal• Almostgnosticdualism,ascetic• AwaitedDavidicandAaronicmessiahs• Resurrection• 2nd centuryBC– 2nd centuryAD

• Nationalistextremists• Soughttheocracy• RejectedRome• Sicarii• Revoltedin66-70,suicideatMasadain73.• OnlyBiblicalMention

• SimontheZealot(Mt10:4,Mk3:18,Lk6:15,Ac1:13)

Module7Jesus’EarthlyMinistry

Dr.ChristopherCone

11.JesusEarthlyMinistry 4BC-33AD

• BooksandChronology• Matthew– focusedonHiskingship• Mark – focusedonhisservanthood• Luke– focusedonthedivineMan• John– focusedontheSonofGod(identitydemandsdeity)

• KeyPlayers• Samaria• Rome• Pharisees• Sadducees• Zealots

• KeyEvents• TheMessiahPresented(Mt4:17)• TheMessiahRejected(Mt12)• TheChurchProphesied(Mt16:13-20)

• TheTimelineExpounded(Mt.24)• TheNewCovenantInitiated(Mt.26:26-29)

• TheNewCovenantRatified(Mt.27-28)

11.JesusEarthlyMinistry 4BC-33AD

• BooksandChronology• Matthew– focusedonHiskingship• Mark – focusedonhisservanthood• Luke– focusedonthedivineMan• John– focusedontheSonofGod(identitydemandsdeity)

• KeyPlayers• Samaria• Rome• Pharisees• Sadducees• Zealots

• KeyEvents• TheMessiahPresented(Mt4:17)• TheMessiahRejected(Mt12)• TheChurchProphesied(Mt16:13-20)

• TheTimelineExpounded(Mt.24)• TheNewCovenantInitiated(Mt.26:26-29)

• TheNewCovenantRatified(Mt.27-28)

Module8Summary:TheFirst-CenturyChurch

Dr.ChristopherCone

12.TheFirst-CenturyChurch33-95

12.TheFirst-CenturyChurch33-95

Module9Implications

Dr.ChristopherCone

Implications

• GodkeepsHispromises.ArewelearningHispromises?• Godisincontrol.ArewetrustinginHim?• GodusespeopletoaccomplishHisplan.Areweservingwithurgency?

• And…???