ancient tree guide 5 - trees and climate change

8/2/2019 Ancient Tree Guide 5 - Trees and Climate Change

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ancient-tree-guide-5-trees-and-climate-change 1/5

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh jd*81

Ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh



MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh3 MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh <

Mjlfhju ushh| lnmjkh fj |usxluxsh mje |nmwh

m| unhv mkh mje bmv shmlu ef``hshjuiv ud

lifbmuh fbwmlu| unmj vdxjkhs ushh|* Unhfs

usxjo|) csmjlnh| mje sddu| ehlmv mje chldbh

ndiid{* Ehme{dde bmv mllxbximuh fj unh lmjdwv

mje dj unh ksdxje* Unh h~uhju d` unh sddu |v|uhb {fii

mi|d ch lnmjkfjk cxu ifuuih f| ojd{j mcdxu nd{ unh

sddu| ehlmv {fun mkh*

Mjlfhju ushh| lmj ch `dxje fj kmsehj| mje |ushhu|

m| {hii m| fj unh ldxjusv|feh* Unhv msh fbwdsumju fjunhfs d{j sfknu lxiuxsmiiv) nf|udsflmiiv mje

mh|unhuflmiiv* Unhv msh mi|d nd|u ud bmjv smsh mje

|whlfmi |whlfh| d` {fieif`h {nfln shiv |dihiv dj

mjlfhju ushh| `ds unhfs |xspfpmi*

Lifbmuh lnmjkh {fii csfjk cdun fjlshbhjumi

lnmjkh| mje bdsh `sh}xhju h~ushbh hphju|*

Mjlfhju ushh| bmv sh|wdje ef``hshjuiv `sdb vdxjkhs

ushh|* Xjehs|umjefjk unh |ushjkun| mje {hmojh||h|

d` mjlfhju ushh| {fii nhiw und|h {fun sh|wdj|fcfifuv

`ds unhfs bmjmkhbhju ud hj|xsh unhfs ldjufjxhe

|xspfpmi mje m||h|| mjv nhmiun mje |m`huv sf|o|*

Fu f| lsxlfmi unmu {h umoh mlufdj dj u{d `sdju|*

@fs|uiv) {h bx|u wsduhlu mii h~f|ufjk mjlfhju ushh|

`sdb mpdfemcih nmsb ud hj|xsh unhv ifph m| idjk m|

wd||fcih* \hldjeiv) {h bx|u lshmuh |xllh||ds

khjhsmufdj| d` mjlfhju ushh| ud shwimlh und|h unmu

{fii fjhpfumciv ch id|u fj unh `xuxsh*

Unf| kxfeh f| `ds mjvdjh {fun m sh|wdj|fcfifuv `ds)

ds fjuhsh|u fj) mjlfhju ushh|) fjlixefjk d{jhs| mje

imje bmjmkhs|) ushh d``flhs|) mscdsflxiuxsf|u| mje

`dsh|uhs|* Fj`dsbmufdj f| esm{j `sdb m jxbchs d`

|dxslh| fj dsehs ud1

‣ \xkkh|u lnmsmluhsf|ufl| {nfln bmv bmoh mjlfhju

ushh| bdsh ds ih|| sh|fifhju ud lifbmuh lnmjkh

‣ Nfknifknu mshm| {nhsh fbwmlu| msh xjojd{j cxu

wduhjufmiiv |fkjf`flmju

‣ Fehjuf`v {nmu vdx lmj ed ud nhiw ushh| ifph unhfs

ifph| ud unh `xii*

Lifbmuh lnmjkh f| nmwwhjfjk mje fu f|

fjldjusdphsufcih unmu bxln d` unf| f| nxbmj"

fjexlhe* Uhbwhsmuxsh| msh sf|fjk mje smfj`mii

wmuuhsj| msh lnmjkfjk fj ef``hshju {mv| mlsd|| unh

XO* Cxu fj meefufdj ud unh fjlshbhjumi wmuuhsj d`

lnmjkh dphs ufbh) unhsh msh fsshkxims h~ushbh

hphju|) |xln m| ìdde|) esdxknu mje kmih|*

Unh|h fjlshbhjumi lnmjkh| lmj ch bdjfudshe mje

unhfs fbwmlu |hhj unsdxkn hmsifhs ìd{hsfjk fj

wimju| ds lnmjkh| fj |whlfh| ef|usfcxufdj| m| m

sh|wdj|h ud uhbwhsmuxsh* Fu f| fbwdsumju ud

shbhbchs unmu unh|h lnmjkh| msh nmwwhjfjk phsv

`m|u* Unf| bhmj| bmjv |whlfh| {fii jdu ch mcih ud

memwu }xfloiv hjdxkn h|whlfmiiv kfphj unh

fjlshm|fjk f|dimufdj d` nmcfumu|*

Kidcmiiv) unhsh mwwhms| ud nmph chhj m esmbmufl

fjlshm|h fj h~ushbh {hmunhs hphju| mje fu f| unh|h

{nfln lmj nmph unh bd|u |xeehj mje mwwmshju

fbwmlu|* \whlfh| wx|nhe ud unhfs khdksmwnflmi ds

wnhjdidkflmi = ifbfu|) cv fjlshbhjumi lifbmuh

lnmjkh ldxie ch lmum|usdwnflmiiv m``hluhe cv

h~ushbh {hmunhs hphju|* Fu f| unf| ldbcfjmufdj d`

fjlshbhjumi lifbmuh lnmjkh mje h~ushbh {hmunhs

hphju| unmu f| wduhjufmiiv |d embmkfjk ud {fieif`h*

[nhj {h ldj|fehs unh fbwmlu| d` lifbmuh lnmjkh

dj mjlfhju ushh| {h unhsh`dsh nmph ud iddo mu cdun

unh fjlshbhjumi lnmjkh| mje h~ushbh hphju|*

Fu f| mi|d fbwdsumju ud ldj|fehs xjfjuhjehe

ldj|h}xhjlh| ̀ sdb dunhs sh|wdj|h| ud lifbmuh

lnmjkh) ̀ ds h~mbwih cfd`xhi wimjufjk ldxie nmph

fbwmlu| dj dxs imje x|h {nfln fj uxsj bmv m``hlu

mjlfhju ushh|*

\dbh ushh| lmj ifph fj unh mjlfhju |umkh d` unhfs

ifph| `ds lhjuxsfh|* Cv unh hje d` unh 3=|u lhjuxsv

dxs mjlfhju ushh| d` udemv) mje unhfs |xllh||ds|)

{fii nmph ud ifph fj m phsv ef``hshju lifbmuh*

Lnmjkh f| nmwwhjfjkMj mkh d` ef``hshjlh

Unh @mlu|

Hpfehjlh `ds mllhihsmufjk lifbmuh lnmjkh nm| cxfiu

dphs unh im|u ehlmeh* Kidcmi mphsmkh uhbwhsmuxsh|

nmph fjlshm|he `sdb =<*;·L ud =5*<·L fj unh im|u

=77 vhms|*Unh =667| {m| unh {msbh|u ehlmeh fj unh

im|u =)777 vhms|?bmjv flh |nhhu| mje kimlfhs|

{dsie{feh msh

shushmufjk mje unh

`sh}xhjlv d` ìdde|)

esdxknu| mje |udsb| f|

fjlshm|fjk*Unhwdwximufdj|) smjkh|)

bfksmufdj wmuuhsj|) mje

|hm|djmi chnmpfdxs d`

mjfbmi| mje wimju| msh

lnmjkfjk*

H~mbwih| d` lifbmuh"fjexlhe fbwmlu| fjlixeh chhln

|x``hsfjk `sdb fjlshm|he |xbbhs esdxknu |ush||)

wmsuflximsiv fj |dxun"hm|u Hjkimje)mje dmo {nfln f|

ldbfjk fjud ihm` unshh {hho| hmsifhs unmj fj unh =687|*

@xsunhsbdsh) fu f| lihms unmu hphj f` LD 3 hbf||fdj|

{hsh shexlhe cv 07 whs lhju dphsjfknu)unh

mllhihsmuhe {msbfjk {dxie ldjufjxh exh ud lxsshju

ihphi| d` mubd|wnhsfl LD3* \d){nfih fu f| lsxlfmi unmu

h``dsu| msh bmeh ud shexlh LD3 hbf||fdj|) memwumufdj

ud unh lnmjkh unmu nm| mishmev chkxj bx|u |umsu jd{*

Dmo f| ihm`fjk hmsifhs

Vdxjk ushh| e mb mk he cv unh =6>; |udsb ** * * ** {nfi h m j m jlfhju ushh |um je | ̀ fs b

= Wnhjdidkv1 Unh |uxev d` shlxssfjk jmuxsmi hphju| fj shimufdj ud lifbmuh h*k* ufbfjk d` wimju ìd{hsfjk ds ihm`fjk*

[fii mjlfhju ushh| |hh |jd{ fj m lnmjkhe lifbmuh4



8 MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh5 MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh

Unh|h wmkh| f ehjuf`v wd||fcih fbwmlu| cm| he dj lxsshju ojd{ihekh* Bdsh hpfehjlh f| jhhehe ud ehuhsbfjh khjhsmi u shje| `sdb fjefpfexmi h~mbwih|*

F` mj mjlfhju ushh f| `mlfjk lmum|usdwnfl ldiimw|h)|dbh lsd{j

shexlufdj lmj nhiw ud shexlh unh„|mfi‖ h``hlu d` unh lsd{j mje

shexlh unh wd|fcfifuv d` ifbc| chfjk id|u ds udumi id|| d` unh ushh*

Fj ufbh| d` ìdde unh ushh |whlfh| bfknu ch bdsh fbwdsumju

unmj mkh* \dbh |whlfh| |xln m| {fiid{| msh mcih ud {fun|umje

{muhsidkkfjk idjkhs unmj dunhs|*

Ushh| cid{j dphs cv |udsb| bmv ksd{ jh{ |uhb| f` |dbh d`

unh sddu| msh xjembmkhe*Unh mkh d` unh ushh f| jdu fbwdsumju

fj unf| wsdlh||*Unh mbdxju d` sddu| shbmfjfjk fj unh ksdxje f|

unh bd|u fbwdsumju `mluds*

Mjlfhju ushh| fj unh dwhj bmv |xspfph chuuhs fj ufbh| d`

{muhs |ndsumkh chlmx|h unhv nmph ehhwhs sddu| ud umoh xw

{muhs unmj ksm|| mje dunhs |ndsu phkhumufdj mje `h{hs ushh|

ud ldbwhuh {fun `ds {muhs unmj fj m {ddeimje*

Fj|hlu imspmh fj|feh unh {dde d` unh ushh bmv ch wsduhluhe

`sdb unh h~ushbh| d` nhmu mje ldie cv unh fj|ximufjk h``hlu|

d` unh {dde*

Mjlfhju ushh| dùhj nmph shimufphiv imskh efmbhuhs usxjo| fj

shimufdj ud unhfs nhfknu mje hphj {nhj ndiid{)unhv nmph

kshmuhs |umcfifuv fj nfkn {fje|*

Unh |fqh d` unh lsd{j dùhj ehlshm|h| m| ushh| chldbh

mjlfhju*Unf| bhmj| unhv d``hs ih|| ihphs msb ud unh {fje mje

msh ih|| ifohiv ud ch cid{j dphs cv kmih|*

Iflnhj| fj unh lsd{j ds dj unh usxjo msh mcih ud {fun|umje

esv whsfde| mje bmv ch mcih ud ldwh fj ufbh| d` esdxknu*

Ifbc| fj ldjumlu {fun unh ksdxje mje mi|d muumlnhe ud unh

ushh bmv mlu m| jmuxsmi wsdw| wsdpfefjk |umcfifuv*

Mjlfhju ushh| fj unh dwhj msh bdsh ifohiv ud nmph sddu|

fj mii efshlufdj| msdxje unh ushh {nfln |wshme dxu bxln

`xsunhs unmj unh lsd{j d` unh ushh*Unf| nhiw| mjlnds

unhb bdsh `fsbiv fj unh ksdxje fj nfkn {fje|*Fj unh

=6>; |udsb| bmjv mjlfhju ushh| fj unh dwhj shbmfjhe

|umjefjk {nfih wimjumufdj ushh| {hsh cid{j dphs*

Nhmpv csmjlnh| bmv uhms dxu fj nfkn {fje| ds xjehs nhmpv

|jd{$flh) ihmpfjk h~wd|he {dxje|*

\dbh mjlfhju ushh| nmph id{ pfumifuv {nfln bhmj| unhv msh

|x|lhwufcih ud |ush||*@ds h~mbwih f` unhv wxu dxu ihmph|

hmsifhs fj sh|wdj|h ud lnmjkfjk uhbwhsmuxsh unhv bmv ch

embmkhe cv `sd|u mje ih|| mcih ud sh"ksd{ jh{ djh|*

Fj|hlu|)|wfehs| mje cmu| ifpfjk fj |bmii dwhj lmpfufh|)|xln m|

idd|h cmso) ldxie ch m``hluhe cv fjlshm|he uhbwhsmuxsh| mje

kshmuhs h~ushbh| fj uhbwhsmuxsh|*

Mii ushh|) vdxjk mje die shiv dj `xjkf fj mje dj unhfs sddu| ud

wsdpfeh jxusfhju| mje nhiw unhb sh|f|u wmundkhj|*

Unh|h bvldssnfqmi `xjkf bmv ch |x|lhwufcih ud esdxknu ds

{muhsidkkfjk mje {fundxu unhb unh ushh f| ih|| mcih ud umoh

xw jxusfhju| mje sh|f|u ef|hm|h|*

F` unh ushh lmum|usdwnflmiiv ldiimw|h| unh nmcfumu| `ds {fieif`h

msh smwfeiv lnmjkhe* \dbh |whlfh| {fii nmph ud shiv dj `fjefjk

dunhs |xfumcih ushh| jhmscv fj dsehs ud |xspfph*

Ndiid{ mjlfhju ushh| msh bdsh ifohiv ud ch embmkhe cv `fsh f`

m lifbmuh fjexlhe esdxknu lmx|h| |xssdxjefjk phkhumufdj ud

cxsj*Unf| f| chlmx|h unh ndiid{ usxjo ldxie mlu m| m lnfbjhv

mje unh ehme {dde `xhi| unh `fsh*

Kmih| ed jdu ax|u m``hlu unh lsd{j) unh sddu| bmv ch |usmfjhe

{fun sdlofjk d` unh ushh fj nfkn {fje|*Unf| ldxie embmkh unh

sddu| ihmpfjk unh ushh {fun ih|| mjlndsmkh fj unh jh~u

h~ushbh hphju*

Shbdpmi d` imskh id{hs csmjlnh| lmj mllhihsmuh ehlmv fj unhusxjo {nfln lmj shjehs unh ushh bdsh wsdjh ud lmum|usdwnfl

ldiimw|h fj nfkn {fje|*

Mjlfhju ushh sh|fifhjlh Mjlfhju ushh {hmojh||h|

F i i x | u s m u f d j ? P h u h s m j

U s h h | 1 M k x f e h u d k d d e b m j m k h b h j u . J m u x s m i H j k i m j e &



Ojd{ihekh mje h~whsfhjlh nhiw| fehjuf`v |dbh d` unh fbwmlu| d` lifbmuh lnmjkh dj mjlfhju

ushh|) cxu |dbh unfjk| lmjjdu ch wshefluhe*Mjlfhju ushh| d` udemv mje udbdssd{

‣ Wsduhlu dxs h~f|ufjk ushh| `sdb mpdfemcih id|| “

unf| fjlixeh| cdun h~f|ufjk mjlfhju ushh| mje ushh|

unmu {fii ch mjlfhju cv unh hje d` unf| lhjuxsv

‣ H|umcif|n jh{ jmufph ushh| {fun meh}xmuh |wmlh)lshmufjk |xllh||ds khjhsmufdj|) |d unh {fieif`hshifmju dj mjlfhju ushh| nm| |dbh{nhsh ud kd fjunh ̀ xuxsh*

Nhiw ushh| ud nhiw unhb|hiph|

Mjlfhju ushh| {fii ch ch|u mcih ud ldwh {fun unh

fbwmlu| d` lifbmuh lnmjkh f` unhv msh fj m nhmiunv

hjpfsdjbhju mje jdu mishmev |ush||he mje

{hmohjhe cv mephs|h ldjefufdj|*

Unfjk| ud mpdfe1

‣ Ldbwmlufdj ds dunhs embmkh ud sddu|

‣ Id|| d` sddu| `sdb ldj|usxlufdj mje ushjlnfjk

‣ Embmkh ud sddu `xjkf .bvldssnfqmh& `sdb

mksflxiuxsmi lnhbflmi| mje mjfbmi exjk

‣ Dphs|nmed{fjk cv dunhs ushh| {nfln ldbwhuh

`ds ifknu mje jxusfhju|

‣ Fjmwwsdwsfmuh lxuufjk ds ushh |xskhsv*

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh| = ud < kfph bdsh kxfemjlh .|hh cmlo wmkh&*

Mje f` unh {fje edun cid{

‣ Edj‖u m||xbh mjlfhju ushh| msh m kshmuhs nhmiun

mje |m`huv sf|o? unhv bmv ch bdsh sh|fifhju unmj

vdxjkhs ushh|

‣ Mpdfe shbdpfjk bmads id{hs ifbc| m| unf| bmv

{hmohj unh usxjo fjlshm|fjk unh sf|o d`

lmum|usdwnfl ldiimw|h

‣ X|h m ldbwhuhju whs|dj ud m||h|| mjlfhju mje

phuhsmj ushh| `ds |m`huv* [nhsh wd||fcih bdph

unh umskhu mu sf|o .whdwih mje wsdwhsuv& smunhs

unmj bmjmkh unh ushh* @ds h~mbwih) bdph m wmunm{mv `sdb m ushh

‣ Ushh |xskhsv |ndxie ch m im|u sh|dsu {nhsh unhsh

f| jd miuhsjmufph

‣ Cmimjlh unh sf|o d` lxuufjk mjlfhju ushh| mkmfj|u

unh chjh`fu| “ m |bmii shexlufdj d` unh lsd{j

kshmuiv shexlh| fu| {fje sh|f|umjlh

‣ Umoh jduh d` nd{ mjlfhju ushh| ldwh {fun

h~ushbh hphju| |xln m| nfkn {fje| mje ldbwmsh

fu ud vdxjkhs ushh| fj unh mshm) |d unmu vdx ojd{

nd{ unh ushh bmv shmlu fj `xuxsh*

Wh|u| mje ef|hm|h| msh m |hsfdx| wsdcihb fj `dsh|usv mje

ndsuflxiuxsh mje ldxie chldbh m bxln cfkkhs f||xh `ds mii ushh|

mje {dde|*M| unh lifbmuh lnmjkh| unh jxbchs| mje chnmpfdxs|

d` h~f|ufjk wh|u| mje ef|hm|h| {fii lnmjkh*Jh{ wh|u| mje ushh

ef|hm|h| bmv mi|d mssfph `sdb dxu|feh unh XO*

Mjlfhju ushh| {nfln msh xjehs |ush|| bmv imlo unh mcfifuv ud

sh|wdje ud embmkh mje wxu dxu jh{ ksd{un*\ush||h| fjexlhe cv

unh h``hlu| d` lifbmuh lmj mee ud dunhs wsh||xsh| {nfln mjlfhju

ushh| `mlh* Nd{hphs ushh| d`uhj |nd{ |xswsf|fjk sh|fifhjlh*

Fu f| ef``flxiu ud ehuhsbfjh {nfln |whlfh| ds fjefpfexmi ushh| bmv ch

ch|u mcih ud ldwh {fun m lnmjkfjk lifbmuh* Dxs jmufph ushh| msh

ksd{fjk fj bmjv dunhs wmsu| d` unh {dsie eh|wfuh ef``hshju

lifbmuh|) imufuxeh| mje |hm|dj|* Fu ldxie mi|d ch nhiw`xi ud unfjo d`

unh `hmuxsh| d` ef``hshju ushh| mje nd{ unh|h bmv nhiw unhb memwu)

{nhunhs unhv msh jmufph) jdj"jmufph) csdmeihm` ds ldjf`hsdx|)

wdiimsehe ds |umjemse*

Whsnmw| dxs mjlfhju ushh| ndie unh ohv ud unh `xuxsh" edh| unhfs

|xspfpmi fjeflmuh khjh| {nfln {fii ch mcih ud ldwh {fun `xuxsh

lnmjkh|4Ushh| unmu nmph |xspfphe unh „ifuuih flh mkh‖ mje unh

„bhefhpmi {msbfjk‖ d` unh wm|u bx|u lmssv khjh| {nfln hjmcihe

unhb ud ldwh {fun lnmjkh*Unh|h ushh| nmph chhj wsdexlfjk wdiihj

mje |hhe `ds unhfs {ndih ifph| |d wm||fjk unhfs khjh| djud dunhs

ushh| lxsshjuiv fj dxs imje|lmwh*

Bfjf lm|h |uxev1 Dmo bfieh{

Dmo bfieh{ f| `dxje

mlsd|| unh XO*[fii fu

fjlshm|h fj unh esfhs

hm|u {nfih fjlshm|he

smfj`mii fj unh {h|u

ehuhs| unf| esv"idpfjk

|whlfh|4

Bfjf lm|h |uxev1Dmo| fj Dq

Whexjlximuh .ds

Hjkif|n dmo mwwhms|

ud ch ksd{fjk {hii fj

|dbh wmsu| d` Mx|usmifm

eh|wfuh phsv ef``hshju

ldjefufdj|*

Xjojd{j }xmjufufh| [nmu lmj vdx ed4

Wimjufjk `xuxsh mjlfhju ushh|

Ksmexmiiv shihm|h mjlfhju ushh| `sdb dphs|nmefjk

MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh0 MjlfhjuUshh Kxfeh jd*81Mjlfhju ushh| mje lifbmuh lnmjkh ;

Nds|h lnh|ujxu m``hluhe cv ihm` bfjhs

Ushh |ush||he cv embmkh

[fii jdj"jmufph ushh| ch mcih ud ldwh4

Khjh| d` unh `xuxsh4



Bdsh fj`dsbmufdj

@xsunhs shmefjk

Phuhsmj ushh|1 M kxfeh ud kdde bmjmkhbhju .3777& he N* Shme*Wxcif|nhe cv Hjkif|n Jmuxsh .jd{ Jmuxsmi Hjkimje&*Jd idjkhs mpmfimcih fj nmseldwv) djiv m| m we` `sdbunhfs {hc|fuh mu {{{*jmuxsmihjkimje*dsk*xo

Mepflh mje fj`dsbmufdj dj mjlfhju mje phuhsmj ushh|1

{{{*mjlfhju"ushh"`dsxb*dsk*xo

Uhii x| mcdxu m ushh vdx nmph `dxje ds `fje djh mu1 {{{*MjlfhjuUshhNxju*dsk*xo

Uhii x| mcdxu m {dde ds ushh xjehs unshmu mje khuidu| bdsh fj`dsbmufdj mcdxu knufjk m unshmu1

{{{*{dde|xjehsunshmu*dsk*xo

@xsunhs fj`dsbmufdj mcdxu lifbmuh lnmjkh1 {{{*fwll*ln

@xsunhs fj`dsbmufdj mcdxu nf|udsfl hjpfsdjbhjubmjmkhbhju1 {{{*nhib*dsk*xo

Ud ldjumlu m }xmif`fhe mscdsflxiuxsf|u1 {{{*ushh|*dsk*xo

[hc|fuh1 {{{*{ddeimjeusx|u*dsk*xo Hbmfi1 hj}xfsfh|G{ddeimjeusx|u*dsk*xo

Mjlfhju Ushh @dsxb l$dUnh [ddeimje Usx|u) Mxuxbj Wmso) Ksmjunmb) Ifjldij|nfsh) JK<= 0II Uhi 7=5;0 8>==<8

Unh [ddeimjeUsx|u f| m lnmsfuv shkf|uhshe fj Hjkimje mje [mih| jd*365<55 mje fj \lduimje jd*\L7<>>>8

M jdj"wsdu bmofjk ldbwmjv ifbfuhe cv kxmsmjuhh* Shkf|uhshe fj Hjkimje jd*=6>3>;<

Unh [ddeimje Usx|u idkd f| m shkf|uhshe usmehbmso*Unh Mjlfhju Ushh @dsxb f| m shkf|uhshe lnmsfuv jd* =7;=7=3

Mii wndudksmwnv1[UWI$Uhe Kshhj h~lhwu) dmo ihm`fjk .wmkh 3 & mldsj .wmkh 01[UWI$Whuh Ndibh|? nds|h lnh|ujxu ihm` bfjhs .wmkh 01SN\$Hjudbdidkv?

imsln wfjh ldjh .wmkh 0?[UWI$Ohfun Nxkkhuu?mjlfhju chhln ushh .cmlo wmkh1 [UWI$Bflnmhi Limsoh <685$=3$7>

Unh [ddeimje Usx|u

Mxuxbj Wmso

Ksmjunmb

Ifjldij|nfsh JK<= 0II

Uhihwndjh1 7=5;0 8>====

Unh [ddeimje Usx|u [mih|

.Ldhe Lme{&

< Lddwhs‖| Vmse) Lxssmj Se

Lmsef`` L@=7 8JC

Uhihwndjh1 7>583 6<8>07

Unh [ddeimje Usx|u \lduimje

\dxun Fjln Cx|fjh|| Lhjush

\ndsh Sdme

Whsun) WN3 >C[

Uhihwndjh1 7=;<> 0<8>36

Unh [ddeimje Usx|u fj

Jdsunhsj Fshimje

= Ex``hsfj Ldxsu) Ex``hsfj Mphjxh

Cmjkds) Ldxjuv Ed{j CU37 <C^

Uhihwndjh1 73> 6=3; 8;>;

Unf| ihmffihu f| unh `f`un fj m |hsfh| mcdxu mjlfhjuushh|1

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh jd*=1 Ushh| mje @msbfjk*

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh jd*31 Ushh| fj Nf|udsfl Wmso| mje

Imje|lmwh Kmsehj|*

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh jd*<1 Ushh| mje Ehphidwbhju*

Mjlfhju Ushh Kxfeh jd*51 [nmu msh mjlfhju) phuhsmj mje

dunhs ushh| d` |whlfmi fjuhsh|u*

Unhv msh mpmfimcih `sdb unh [ddeimje Usx|u dslmj ch ed{jidmehe .m| m we` ih& fj Hjkif|n mje[hi|n `sdb {{{*mjlfhju"ushh"`dsxb*dsk*xo*

Bmh‖s em` ihj ndj ms kmhi vj Kvbsmhk `hi we` d {h`mj*

ancient tree guide 5 - trees and climate change

Documents