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Ancient Rome

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Page 1: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Ancient Rome

Page 2: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Introduction to Ancient Rome

-Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500-3000b.c.

-Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c.

-Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d.

Page 3: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Location of RomeRome is located on the Mediterranean. It became the major trading nation to carry products from the Middle East, Africa to Europe which was developing and had a demand for products outside of Europe. The Alps to the North served as a defense against attacks from the North. Rome replaced Greece as the center of trade and commerce.

Because of geography easier to unite Rome

Page 4: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Early RomeEarly Rome

Page 5: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

History of Rome

The Kingdom of Rome.The RepublicThe Roman EmpireSplit of Roman EmpireFall of Roman Empire

Page 6: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

In the beginning

Get idea from Estruscans Romans drive out Estrucan king in 509 b.c.

and set up republic Pillars of republic-courage, loyalty, devotion

to duty

Page 7: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Early republic--government

Most powerful governing body= Senate (300 men)

Made up of all patricians (landholding upper class) served life terms

Each senate member elected two consuls – (voice for the public) rotated every year

In the event of war a dictator could be chosen by senate – 6 month term

Page 8: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Early republic--government

Plebians (middle class) wanted equality Laws of twelve tablets Tribunes set up (chosen by plebians and

could veto senate measures)

Page 9: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Early Expansion

Expanded throughout Italy Roman army- made up of citizen/soldiers

were well trained and fought in legions (groups of 5,000 men)

Reward for courage punishment for cowardice

Page 10: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Conquered lands

Acknowledge Roman leadership Pay taxes Supply Roman soldiers Rome let them keep customs, money, and

local government

Page 11: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Conquered lands

Some gained Roman citizenship status or partial

Used Latin and supported Rome Rome left soldiers to protect conquest Rome built roads to help travel from area to

home

Page 12: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Rivalry with Carthage

Carthage- city-state on N. coast of Africa (Tunisia) Trading empire across N. Africa and W. Mediterranean

Conflict from 264b.c. to 146b.c. know as Punic Wars (3 wars)

1st war Rome defeats Carthage and gets Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

Page 13: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Rivalry with Carthage

2nd war Carthage seeks revenge led by General Hannibal In 218 b.c. sets out from Spain through France and over Alps

into Italy Trip through Alps lasted 15 days and cost half of his army and

almost all the elephants For 15 yrs moves across Italy winning many battles Rome outnumbered and outflanked Hannibal’s army at the

same time attacking Carthage Rome wins and forces Carthage to give up all lands except in

Africa Later….Hannibal drinks poison rather than surrender

Page 14: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Rivalry with Carthage

3rd War Rome attacks and destroys Carthage

Survivors were killed or sold into slavery Rome expands to N. Africa

Rome now all over Med. Sea region

Page 15: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Effects of Expansionism- Romans gloried their successes and incredible riches flooded Rome

Wealth from: looting, trading, taxing Social and economic consequences- new

class of wealthy Romans emerge (build huge mansions and use slave labor) Huge gap opens between rich and poor driven by greed

Page 16: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Attempts at reform– Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus wanted many reforms (help poor)

Senate was angry at attempts and had them killed….led to 100 yrs of civil wars

• Who should hold power? Senate or popular politicians?

• Rival generals marched their armies into Rome to advance their ambitions

Page 17: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Out of Chaos> Julius Caesar For a time Caesar and Pompey (brilliant general)

dominated Roman politics Caesar, in 59 b.c., gains control of Gaul (France) Pompey gets jealous has senate order Caesar to

disband and return home Caesar defies order (treason) and secretly marches

army towards Rome (civil war breaks out and Caesar beats Pompey and all opponents)

Returns home and forces senate to make him dictator

Page 18: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Caesar’s reforms 48b.c. to 44b.c. Public works to employ jobless Organized provinces and gave more

citizenship Adopted Egyptian cal. To do so packed senate w/his own followers

Page 19: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Caesar’s enemies worried that he would be king

Beware of the Ides of March (March 15th)

Caesar stabbed to death from enemies

Page 20: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

As he took his seat, the conspirators gathered about him as if to pay their respects, and straightway Tillius Cimber [7], who had assumed the lead, came nearer as though to ask something. When Caesar with a gesture put him off to another time, Cimber caught his toga by both shoulders. As Caesar cried, 'Why, this is violence!', one of the Cascas [8] stabbed him from one side just below the throat. Caesar caught Casca's arm and ran it through with his stylus, but as he tried to leap to his feet, he was stopped by another wound. When he saw that he was beset on every side by drawn daggers, he muffled his head in his robe, and at the same time drew down its lap to his feet with his left hand, in order to fall more decently, with the lower part of his body also covered. And in this wise he was stabbed with three and twenty wounds, uttering not a word, but merely a groan at the first stroke, though some have written that when Marcus Brutus rushed at him, he said in Greek, 'You too, my child?'

Page 21: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

From Republic to Empire

Mark Antony (Caesar’s chief general) and Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew) join forces to hunt down murderers but both struggle for power

Octavian defeats Antony and takes power in 31b.c. as Augustus or Exalted One

31b.c. to 14a.d. Age of Empire

Page 22: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

CaesarCaesar

AugustuAugustuss

Page 23: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Imperial Rome--Augustus

Set up stable gov’t… kept senate, set up civil service to enforce laws, let provinces have self government

Economic reforms- census, postal service, new coins, jobless to work building roads and temples

Worked well for 200 yrs

Page 24: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Imperial Rome

Who would rule after the death of an Emperor?

Bad and Good emperors Bad- Caligula-own horse to consul Nero-

persecuted Christians and know for fires 96-180 a.d. Good- Hadrian- Roman law

codes and wall /Marcus Aurelius-duty to people

Page 25: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Imperial Rome

200 yr span begins w/ Augustus and ends w/Aurelius known as Pax Romana (Roman Peace

Ideas and goods spread

Page 26: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Life in Rome

Family- Men were in charge (by law) Women- played a larger role in society compared to

Greeks (public baths, dined out, theatre, public roles, ran shops) but most worked at home

Education- girls and boys learned to read and write…even the poor

Religion– Roman Gods- Jupiter (ruled over sky and other gods) wife Juno (marriage), Neptune- (God of sea) Mars (God of war) also later Christianity

To hide social and economic problems- festivals, chariot races, and sporting events (gladiators)

Page 27: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Greco-Roman civilization

Art- Copy Greeks were idealists—Rome- realism but use expressionism as well

Architecture- used columns, the arch, and dome

Engineering- worked to perfect roads, bridges, and aqueducts (bridgelike stone structures that brought water from the hills to Roman cities)

Page 28: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Greco-Roman civilization

Science-Left mostly to the Greeks Literature- Virgil wrote Aeneid Philosophers and Historians Roman Law- Two systems 1. civil law (applied to

citizens) 2. law of nations (applied to conquered lands) later both merge

Many laws visible today: innocent until proven guilty, accused allowed to face accuser

Page 29: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Art and Architecture of Rome

The Romans developed or improved there art by copying the art from the Greeks for the statues. Statues were made from clay or marble. They were sometimes reinforced with metal reinforcements. They were well made and were nude and they were made of gods or important leaders which were recognized and got statues carved. They made their statues well as they had religious significance.

Page 30: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Architecture

Roman Architecture has the following characteristics:

1. Roman architecture is very utilitarian and simple. 2. The vault and arch are perfected. 3. Greatest artistic contribution was the development of cement.

Page 31: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Arch of Titus

Page 32: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Arches Allow for Strength

The development of the arch and dome gave the Romans the ability to build large structures that would span huge areas and hold up large amounts of weight. Concrete was heavy and needed the strength provided. The Arch of Trajan recognizes this Emperor for his achievements. He did a large amount of construction in bridges and roads to pull the Empire together.

Page 33: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Arch of Trajan

Page 34: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Dome

Page 35: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Construction began under Vespasian in 72 A.D., and it was inaugurated by his younger son Domitian in 80 A.D. A hundred days of festivities saw the deaths of 9000 wild animals and 2000 gladiators. It was the greatest and deadliest structure ever built during the Roman empire. In ancient times it was the site of the navy-battles, gladiator-fights,and the or wild animal-hunts.It could hold up to 87,000 people.

The Colosseum

Page 36: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

In A.D. 80, many people went to the Colosseum to celebrate sporting events. Colosseum was the largest building of its kind, in the ancientworld. The Colosseum was built so tightly that its arena could be filled with water for Mock Navel Battles. The walls were 160 ft. tall. The Colosseum had 80 entrances at the base of the building. As many as 50,000 people with numbered tickets, They entered through 76 of the entrances. The last two entrances were used for gladiators.

The entertainment started early in the morning and lasted all day long. Mornings were for the animal shows. Tigers,lions, bears, elephants, and giraffes from other parts of the empire were released in to the arena, to fight to the death.

Page 37: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The Colosseum

Page 38: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The ColosseumThe Colosseum

Page 39: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The ColosseumThe Colosseum

Page 40: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The afternoon entertainment gladiators would fight one another or other animals. Most gladiators were slaves, prisoners of war, and were criminals.

The Romans had adopted gladiator contests from the Etruscans. In many ways the Colosseum was like the Roman Empire. From the outside they were both huge in their size and strength. Within both were bravery, honor, and glory with cruelty, sensationalism, and violence.

Gladiators

Page 41: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The PantheonThe next picture is the Pantheon. It was similar to the Greek Parthenon but the Romans used concrete rather than marble and granite for construction. The outside of most Roman buildings was not very pretty, but with the use of the arc and dome, the Romans could build huge buildings as a symbol of its strength and power.

Page 42: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The PantheonThe Pantheon

Page 43: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The PantheonThe Pantheon

Page 44: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The PantheonThe Pantheon

Page 45: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum is where great debates took place in the Roman Government. In the Republic, the idea of the Senate and the House of Representatives developed. The upper class was known as patricians and were in the Senate. Later the plebians had a lower house called the General Assembly. A veto was allowed of one house over another. This was the development of bicamerlism or a two house government that American know today. The veto was the beginning of Checks and Balances and Separation of Powers as we know it today.

Page 46: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Roman ForumForum

Page 47: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman ForumRoman Forum

Page 48: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

An intricate transportation network, the Roman road system gave citizens of the ancient empire access to the most distant provinces. The first all-weather roads connected the capital and those Italian towns which had been recently subdued or colonized by the Romans. The Via Appia (Appian Way; begun in 312 BC), for example, joined Rome with Capua, These paved roads and others--usually constructed of stones, rubble, and concrete--were of great strategic importance, facilitating the administration and control of conquered lands.

Roman Roads

Page 49: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

By the end of the republic (1st century BC), roads had been constructed in some of the provinces--such as southern Gaul and Illyria--but the great period of construction outside of Italy came under the emperors. In Britain and North Africa, as in Italy, the progress of Roman expansion may be traced by charting the development of the Roman road network.

Network of Roman Roads

Page 50: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

The Romans constructed a total of about (50,000 miles) of highways through more than 30 modern nations. Included also were the major bridges that still are used to cross major rivers in Europe. Roman engineers created huge structures that allowed heavy traffic to cross major rivers to aid trade and commerce. The network remained in use during the Middle Ages, and remnants of it are still in existence.

Roman Bridges

Page 51: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Aqueducts are the amazing water works of Rome, those fabulous aqueducts which gave Rome clean, fresh drinking water for nearly a thousand years. This next picture will focus on a single aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia, and detail how it provided water to the city of Rome. It will be shown that the Romans preferred to repair and rebuild existing aqueducts rather than construct brand new ones. In the process it will be shown that construction techniques evolved during the thousand year history of the water system.

The Aqueducts of Rome

Page 52: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Copyright © 1996 by SoftKey International

Roman aqueduct above the Gardon River

Roman Aqueducts, Water to Rome

Page 53: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Aqueduct

Page 54: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Catapult

Page 55: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Catapult

Page 56: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Empire

Page 57: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Hadrian’s Wall in Europe

Hadrian’s Wall was created as the northern boundary of the Roman Empire. Many parts can still be found. It was to serve as a border against the Germanic tribes. Parts of its are in Britain. This wall was not as large but similar to the Great Wall of China.

Page 58: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Hadrian’s Wall

Page 59: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Theater in Europe

Roman Theater can be found all over Europe. The map on the next page shows the number of theaters created by the Romans for entertainment. Many Greek tragedies and comedies were created in the Roman Theater. Roman Theater expanded into more advanced type of theater with its actors and the stage being more elaborate. Romans contributed much to development of the theater and the Romance languages.

Page 60: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Roman Theaters

Page 61: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Rise of Christianity

Generally Rome tolerated various religious traditions---as long as (showed loyalty to gods and emperor)

Jews were excused from Roman God worship but not the emperor

Jews wanted to preserve religion and reestablish an independent Israel from Roman control (some thought a savior/messiah would lead Jewish people to land)

In 66 Romans crush rebels and capture Jerusalem In 135 drove out Jews from homeland (diaspora)

Page 62: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Rise of Christianity

Through Turmoil—Jesus, born around 4 b.c., a carpenter at about age 30 starts to preach and spread throughout towns (founder of Christianity)

Know life from Gospels Preached forgiveness and to love enemies Some Jews welcomed him others saw him as a

trouble maker Romans saw him as a threat and executed him

(Roman style) Disciples are commanded to spread teachings (risen

from the dead)

Page 63: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Spread of Christianity

Said that those who followed teachings would achieve salvation

Rome did not tolerate Christians at first—many persecuted (said to be disloyal)

Survives and still spreads over and over years In 313 Constantine issues Edict of Milan—allowing

freedom of worship In 392—Christianity official religion of Rome

Page 64: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Split of Roman Empire

In 284, Diocletian sets out to restore order Splits empire into two halves West and East He rules East (more resources and money) Tries to help economy by setting fixed prices,

ordering farmers to stay on lands In 312 Constantine—issues edict Builds new capital– Constantinople in E. Empire…

W. Empire in decline Results of the two—slows decline but does not fix

Page 65: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Causes for the Decline of the Roman Empire

Obvious reason—Germanic invasions Many tribes moved peacefully into empire Britain- overran by the Angles, Saxons France (Gaul) overran by Franks Spain overthrown by the Vandals Italy was taken over by the Ostrogoths, Visigoths,

and Lombards Underlying causes much more significant because

they lead to the obvious cause

Page 66: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Causes for the Decline of the Roman Empire

Social Causes.

There had been a decline in the traditional Roman citizenry.

Patriotism declined as people lost their allegiance to the state.

Christianity challenged the traditional Roman character traits and caused people to neglect the state when they concentrated on personal salvation.

Page 67: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Causes for the Decline of the Roman Empire

Economic Causes.

As productivity declined, the Roman empire became more dependent on foreign products.

Traditional work ethic declined. A balance of trade deficit began to occur. The cost of government, including the military and welfare,

become burdensome. Class economic warfare broke out between the rich and poor. Parts of the empire were not taxed while others were

overtaxed. The small farm almost disappeared.

Page 68: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Causes for the Decline of the Roman Empire

Political Causes.

The Romans never solved the problems of succession except during a brief period of time.

The government of the empire was not designed to rule a large empire

The government became increasingly run by the rich and the military.

Citizens lost interest in government as it became distant from them.

Did Rome fall in 476? E. Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire

Page 69: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Outline Example

Topic—Name of your topic Thesis- What is the main idea about your paper. Are you trying to

prove or disprove something Intro Paragraph

– hook– overview of topic– overview of topic– thesis statement

Topic 1st sentence should be a topic sentence Last sentence transitioning into next topic 4-6 sentences describing

Page 70: Ancient Rome. Introduction to Ancient Rome -Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 3500- 3000b.c. -Ancient Greece 1750- 133 b.c. -Ancient Rome 509b.c. to 476 a.d

Outline Example

Topic—Julius Caesar Thesis- Julius Caesar was Rome’s greatest ruler and is the

main reason Rome’s empire grew to its’ greatest strength. Intro Paragraph (need to have hook and thesis)

– hook– overview of topic– overview of topic– thesis statement

Early life (need at least 3 things you will talk about)– born in – childhood– early influences

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life in military 1. 2. 3. D. life as general 1. 2. 3. E. Life as emperor 1. changes made 2. greed 3. death G. Conclusion 1. recap topics

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D.Topic (need at least 3 things you will talk about)

1. 2. 3. E. Topic 1. 2. 3. G. Conclusion 1. recap topics

2. Review Thesis

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The Romans made a lot of contributions to the present. Some contributions that they made were that our capital letters from the alphabet and Roman numerals. Roman numerals are important and popular. They are often on our clocks. Another thing they are on is the cornerstones. Third, our month July was given from Julius Caesar. Also, the name August came from Augustus Caesar. Fourth, the word Romance came from Rome. Their architecture also became valuable in our country. Another contribution was that they invented and created the calendar. Also they invented the standard economy.

Lasting Contributions