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ANCIENT MARBLESIN

GREAT lUUTAlNUESCKIIiKU1!V

ADOLF MICHAELIS,I'll.

I).,

I'KOrESSOR OK CLASSICAL

ARCHAEOLOOY

IN

THE U.MVEKSITY

OF STRASSBURC.

TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN

C.

A. M.

FENNELL,

M.A.,

LATE FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

EDITED FOK THE SYNDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY

TRESS.

CambriUge:AT THE UNU'ERSITV PRESS1S82

f"/

&xtAx[\i%t

:

PRINTED BY

C.J. CLAY, M.A.

&

SON,

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS,

TO MY BELOVED FRIEND

GEORGE SCHARF,

Esq.,

F.R.S.L.,

F.S.A.

MEMBER OF THE GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

THIS

WORK

IS

INSCRIBED

IN

GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF MANY HAPPY DAYSSPENT UNDER HIS HOSPITABL_: ROOF1861,

1873,

1877.

THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE.of the present work is to supply and those interested in archseology with more complete and accurate information than has hitherto been provided concerning the treasures of ancient sculpture, stored up in the galleries of Great Britain, the abundance and excellence of which appearobjectarchaeologiststo

The

be but

little

known

in

detail,

notwithstanding that

they are admitted in general terms.In order to guard against erroneous expectations,it

should be borne in mind that the"

title

"

Ancient

Marbles

does not imply antique sculptures of every

Greek and Roman have been imported into Great Britain I have accordingly excluded from classical soil. Egyptian and Oriental art as well as the Anglo- Romandescription, but only the relics of

origin which

remains found

in

Great

Britain.

Whatever the bookan accessory which,I

may

contain not included within the limits of the above

definition,

must be looked

at as

venture to hope, will at least not be troublesome to thereader.

For obvious reasons no catalogueSculptures preserved in the Britishthe exception of the few

is

given of the

Museum.

With

Museums

of a public character,

such

as

those

in

galleries

therefore

Cambridge and Oxford, private have supplied the main part of

VIll

THE AUTHOR

S

PREFACE.

this catalogue.

Everybody knows, how widely spread

they are over the country, though perhaps few are aware how difficult it is to get information about them,of

much more

to

obtain such access to

them

as

shall enable a visitorart,

thoroughly to examine the works

without being at every

moment

disturbed by the

impatient noise of the housekeeper's keys.greatest ofall

But the

hindrances

is

the want of good cata-

logues or other literary means of general, as well asspecial, preparation

and instruction. Up to the present day the Student had to depend chiefly on James Dallaway's Anecdotes of the Arts in England (1800), however superficial and antiquated the book may be. The French translation published under A. L. Millin's authority, Les Bemix-arts en Angleterre (1807), added nothing of consequence, the editor not having himselfvisited the collections.

Nor

did Dallaway'sin

ownthe

retitle

vised edition, which

appeared

18 16 with

Ofit

Statuary and Sculpture

among

the Anciettts, though

was enriched by

useful additions, materially alter the

unsatisfactory character of the book.particularly remarkable

A selection only ofis

monuments

contained in the

splendid volumes published by the Society of Dilettanti, the Specimens of Antient Sculpture, selected fromseveral collections in Great Britain (1809If

and 1835).

we add

a few special publications,

some of them

contents, such as the works

most interested in their on the Oxford Marbles (1763), on the Museum Worsleyanuni (1794), on the Ince collection (1809), on the Marbles of Woburn Abbey (1822), on the Museum Disneianum (1849), and,scarcely accessible to personslast

not

least,

Prof.

Sculptures at Wiltonnearlyall

that

Newton's valuable Notes on the House ( 849), we should exhaust has been done in England itself to1

THE AUTHOR

S

PREFACE.

IX

wards our special knowledge of those treasures.

The

greater are the thanks due to the late Count Clarac,

who, after a personal inspection in 1833, employed Mr Brotherton to make drawings of the Statues in the

most important private1832

galleries,

which he incorpoiii.

rated in his copious Musc'e dc Sadpture (vols.

v.,

1841).

Unsatisfactory

as

these

sketchesstill

in

outlineto give

may

be with regard to

style,

they

suffice

sented.

an approximate idea of the subjects repreHence Clarac's work is still one of the mostasfar

important books to be consulted on English privatecollections,

as Statues are concerned

;

Busts

and Reliefs not being included within its scoidc. Of more modest pretensions, though scarcelymeritorious,

less

are

the observations

scatteredin

throughBritain.

the writings

of various travellerslikeleft

Great

Oldervery

works,

those

by

Volkmann', Goede^,

Spiker^,

may be

out of consideration, as they afford

little

valuable information.

The

notes published

from C. O. Muller's journals of 1822, in Bottiger's Amalthea, Vol. in. (1825), deal onlj'^ with the collecRicher tions in Lansdowne House and at Petworth. in observations and notices is the well-known book of Dr Waagen, which was first published in German with the title Kunstwerke mid Kiinstler in Eugla7td [i%2)7,1838), and afterwards, in English, with the results of several subsequent visits incorporated, as Treasures of

Art1

in Great Britain (3 vols., 1854), supplementary to

Neueste Rdsen durch England.

A usJ. J.

den besUn Nachrichlen taid

VoLK.MANN. 4 vols. Leipzig, (Compiled chiefly from English sources.) 2 England, Wales, Irland und Scholtland. Erinnerungen von einer ReiseindcnJahren\Zozund\%o2,. 2nd edition. 5 vols. Dresden, 1806.nciieren Schriften :^usainmengtragcn

iwn

1781-1782.

3

Reise durch England, Wales,

und Scholtland im Jahre

18 16. 2 vols.

Leipzig, 18 iS.

X

THE AUTHORis

S

PREFACE.

the volume styled Galleries and Cabinets of Great Britain (1857). Waagen, however, was chiefly attracted by works of modern art, especially of

which

Arl

in

paintingsure,

;

as

to

antique sculptureless

his

eye was

less

his studies

extensive and thorough.a

Theof

chief value of his book, therefore, to classical archaeologists,

consists

in

pointing out

great

number

dispersed marbles, which he had the opportunity of

observingit

in

the course of his various journeys.

Still,

may

easily be understood that his notes shouldsufficiently

have

appearedtracted,

new andof

interesting to

be ex-

by G. Revue arc/u'ologique, vol. x. (1853). The first archaeologist, however, after Count Clarac, who, withfor

the

use

the

French

public,

Brunetfull

in the

a

mastery of the different parts of archaeological

science,

made

private galleries of ancient art in

the object of a special examination,

England was AlexanderUniversity

CoNZE, then Professor of Archaeologyof Halle.

in the

In the Arch'dologischer Anzeiger of 1864, aBerlin,

supplement of the Archdologische Zeitung ofcommunicated,in the

he

most concise form, many valuable

notices extracted from his journals.

More

recently a

supplement

them was contributed by the late Professor F. Matz, to the Archdologische Zeitung oi 1873, in which also some collections, hitherto unknown, wereto

first

presented to the notice of the learned public.

author of this work first visited England in But the immense riches of the British Museum then left me little leisure to go in quest of private col1861.lections,

The

with the exception of the gallery of

Lansdowne

House, a few notices of which I published in th^Archdologischer Anzeiger of 1862. In the autumn of 1873, accompanied by my friend Professor Matz, I undertook a tour through different parts of England.

My

THE AUTHOR

S

PREFACE.

XI

attention was at that time mainly directed to

Greek

Sepulchral Reliefs, that of

my

companion

to

Roman

Sarcophagi,classes

the

collection

and publication of these

the

monuments having been undertaken by Academy of Vienna, and by the German ArchaeoofInstitute,

logical

respectively;

but

whatever

time

be spared was devoted to the examination The of antique monuments of other descriptions. results of these inquiries, together with such noticescouldascessible to me,

were supplied by the books of reference then acwere published in an article "On the

private collections of ancient art in England," in the70- This rather Archdologische Zeitungoi i2>j^,Y>V- i detailed sketch forms the foundation of the present

work, to undertake which I have been led, partly by my own interest in the subject, partly by the requests of friends and colleagues, especially in England.

Favourable circumstances having enabled

me

to be-

come acquainted with those

galleries to a greater extent

than perhaps any other living archoeologist, I thought it my duty, putting aside for some years other tasks ofa moreinvitingnature,to

undertake the irksome,cata-

mosaic-like

work of drawing up a descriptive

In doing this, logue of the marbles they contain. hoped also to pay a small tribute of affection and Igratitude to a country in whichI have seen and learnt much, and have formed many valuable and pleasant personal connexions, and experienced much kindness

and

hospitality.

Another

visit

to

England

in

1877

helped

me

to

complete

my

former inquiries.

With the exception of Castle Howard, which I was accidentally prevented from visiting, I havepersonally inspected nearlyall

the principal galleries. of which often scarcely

As

to the

minor

collections,

Xll

THE AUTHORis

S

PREFACE.

would not be reasonable any other assistance than that afforded by his limited private means, should I must hope be able to discover and examine them.

more than the name

known,

it

to expect that a foreigner, without

that the publication of this necessarily incompletewill stimulate

others to supplyfor

shall

be very thankful

be communicated to me. lections, it would have been impossible to give a

work and I any information which may But even of the larger colits

deficiencies,

full

and

satisfactory account from

my

individual unaided reI

sources.

To myall

friend

Dr Conze

the free use of

his original notes.

am indebted The papers

forleft

late Professor Matz, now the property of the German Archaeological Institute, supplied a considerable number of drawings and descriptions, particularly

by the

of Sarcophagi.

Prof.

Bernoulli of

Basel,

liberally

complying withall

my

request, placed also at

my command

the notes he had

made during

a visit to England

in

1875, which, as they chiefly concerned busts and

other portrait sculptures, formed a most valuable sup-

plement to Conze's, Matz's and

my own

notes.

In the

case of articles which are not founded upon notices

see

by B, C, M, borrowed from the special catalogue or from one of the other books quoted at the

made by myselfp.

or by

my friends (indicatedis

210), the notice

top of each collectionI

;

in these

instances, of course,

should not beoccur.

may

made responsible for blunders which The measures are throughout given inFull accuracy, however, can

metres and centimetres.

I or one of my friends have taken them, experience having more than once shewn that measures taken by others in English feet and afterwards converted into metres (a foot being

be warranted only where either

equal to 0'305 m.) prove to be not quite exact.

THF.

ArTHOR

S

I'RFFACF.

Mil

series of articles,

itself is naturally an unconnected which can hardly be what is called " pleasant reading." General readers, however, will I hope be interested by the Introduction, in which I have

The

cataloiTiie

attempted to give a synopsis of the W'hole subject, and to shew, from original sources and in connexion withother historical incidents, in what manner and to what

extent

old Greece intoIt

Peacham's saying about the transplanting of England has been realized. should be added that the manuscript of my book

to the processes of translation, printing,

October 1878, and the delays incident and revision will explain why in the later portions of the work books have been consulted and other additions made, which refer to the last year or two, and which could not find

was

finished in

place in the former parts.

There remains the agreeable task of acknowledgingthe assistanceI

have experienced

in the

course of this

work.

My

thanks are due,

in the first place, to the

possessors of

many

of the collections here described.

ThoughI

nearly

unprovided with introductions,

and

o-enerally obliged to risk a barefeel

personal application,

bound

to state that with a very few exceptions

met with a courteous must deprive myself of the satisfaction of naming individuals who have shewn me special kindness, lest I might seem ungrateful towards others. For much aid and many hints I have to thank the

my

applications to visit galleriesI

permission.

officers of

the

British

Franks,

Mr

Poolf^ and

DoYNECastle,

C. Bell, in

Museum, Prof. Newton. Mr Mr Murray; and also Mr London, Mr Holmes, at Windsor

Alexander Napier,his.M.

and Dr Acland, of Oxford. To the Rev. of Holkham, I am indebted for effective advocacy of the publication of this workc. '

XIV

THE AUTHORS PREFACE.;

to

by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press Mr C. A. M. Fennell for undertaking the heavy and irksome task of translating a volume of such a size and nature to Prof. Sidney Colvin for the pains he has bestowed on the revision of the translated text and;

on the superintendence of the illustrations. In the revision of the text I have had the further advantage of the skilled assistance of Prof. Newton and Mr Murray.

Toto

all

these gentlemen

I

gladly proffer

thanks.

Lastly

I

desire to express

my sincere my cordial gratitude

my

dear friend

Mr Georgeextensive

Scharf, whose richlyplans and pursuits,assistance.Itis

furnished library,

knowledge, unremitting

goodness, and kind interest in

my

have been

to

me

of

invaluable

my

earnest desire that

myI

friend

may

accept the

dedication of this dry, but,as a token of

hope, not useless work,

and sincere affection and a memorial of some of my most precious associationstrue

my

with Engfland.

Strassburg, June,

\l

TA15LI':

OF CONTENTS.

The Author's PrefaceTable of Contents List of Plates and Woodcuts Geographical Directory Errata and Addenda

..into

vii

xvxix

xxxxi

Introduction, on the Influx of Antique Sciilptuurs

Great Britain.PreliminaryI.I.,

The Arundel Marbles and other earlyantiques in England in the i6th century.

Collections.

No

2.

Wales.bles.

5.

3.

Lord Arundel's tours

in Italy.6.

The country

stantinople.9.

7.

Roe's and Petty's joint plans.II.

Petty's activity.

bles.

Other collectors at

tleman.

William Roe's Court. of Greece.Petty.8.

4.

Henry, Prince of His Italian mar-

Thomas Roe in ConThe Duke of Buckingham.Sir

10.

12.

efforts.

Arundel and Buckingham. Buckingham's mar13.

14.

Peacham's Complcat Gen-

15.

Lord Arundel's GreekIts rising

sculptures.

the collection.collection.19.

fame.

16.

Increase of

17.I.'s

General view of the Arundelcollection

18.

King Charles

of antiquities.

Vicissitudes of the royal collection after 1649.

20.

The Arundel

21. The neglect thereof The inscriptions presented to Oxford. Dispersion of the whole collection. 23. The coins and gems. The Pomfret marbles. Thomas, Lord Pembroke. 26. The Mazarin collection. The antiques Wilton House. 28. Sir P. Lely, Lord Winchelsea. Lord Carteret, Kemp. Dr Mead. 30. Conyers Middleton. Collectors of coins. W.Courten. HansSloane. Thecollection during the Revolution.22. 24.25.

27.

in

J.

29.

DukeII.

of Devonshire

..........31.

5

5^

The Golden Age ofthe 'grand tour.'Sir

Classic Dilettantism.

Rome and England.Thefashion of

32.

Travels to the South in the time of the Stuarts.

33.

A. Fountaine.

Coke (Lord

Leicester).

Dukesons.its

of Beaufort.

Foundation of the Society of Dilettanti. 37. 38. Activity of members. 39. State of things at Rome. Foundation of the Capitoline Museum. 40. Dealers and restorers. Cavaceppi. 41. Perry, the Walpoles, HoUis and Brand, and smaller collectors. 42. Lord Leicester. Lord Egremont. 43. 44. British artists in Rome. Gavin

35.

36.

Th. 34. Lord Carlisle, Lord Bessborough, Other travelling collectors. The Richard-

Lord Burlington.

Hamilton.

45.

Thomas

Jenkins.

4^.

Ilis

practices.

47.

His

TABLE OF CONTENTS.purchases of antiques.tions.

49.

Results.

52. Lyde Browne. Lord Palmerston, Weddell, Gen. Walmoden. 54. Locke, Duke of Richmond, Buncombe, Jennings, Lord Exeter, Lord Founding of the Vatican Yarborough, Lord Cawdor, &c. 55. Museum. 56. Competitors from other quarters. Chailes Townley. Townley in London. 58. H. Blundell, 59. Smith-Barry, 57.

Duke53.

of Marlborough.

48. Hamilton's Restorations. British51.

50.

and Jenkins' new excavaKing George III. The

travellers

Mansel-Talbot,Strickland,

Sir

Thomas Robinson, Duke

of

Dorset,

Sir G.

Lord Lord Temple, Duke of St Albans, &c. 60. Shelburne (Lansdowne). 61. Thomas Hope. 62. The RevoluEarl of Bristol. tion in Rome and its consequences. William 63. Hamilton and his first collection. 64. Sir W. Hamilton's second

collection.

III.

65.a

Relations with Greece.

66.

Sir Richard Worsley.

67. 68.

Morritt,

Lord Aberdeen, Clarke, Rob. Walpole, Hawkins. Payne Knight as a collector. Lord Northwick. 69. Payne

Knight70.

asJ.

litterateur.

The Specimens of AntientSales.

Sculpture.

Dallaway.

71.

Increase of the British

Museum

55

12S

The British Museum and the Private Collections,AND England.Dodwell, Gell, Leake.

Greece

72.

Travellers in Greece

:

73.

Cockerell and

other architects.

Bassae.its

74.

Lord Elgin's undertakings.

75.

The

new Firman andto

consequences.

76.

Transport of the marbles

England.

7g.aid.

78.

Payne Knight. Champions of the Elgin marbles. West, Fnseli, Haydon. Attempts to sell the collection. Lord Byron. So. Foreign Visconti. Lord Elgin's renewed proposals. 81. The Phigalia77.

Opposition to the Elgin marbles.

marbles.

Canova's

visit.

Select committee.

the committee.

Literary warfare.

marbles for the British Museum.Dilettanti. 85.

82. Deliberations of 83. The purchase of the Elgin 84. The activity of the Society ofWestmacott, Rogers. 86.

Minor

collectors.

Dukeham,89.

of Bedford.

87.:

The

Collectors at

Rome.

Dnke

of Bucking-

Lord

Kinnaird,

Collectors

at Athens Other collectors

house.

90.

Disney, &c. 88. Sir William Temple. Lord Guilford, Burgon, Lady Ruthven. Greece Lord Strangford, Borrell, WoodCollectors in London Edwards, Burke, Chinnerj',in::

91.of

Sir J. Coghill, Sir

H.

Decline

of

Englefield, Sir J. Soane, Slade, Gen. Fox. classical dilettantism. 92. Additions to the

British

Museum.

Fellows.

Sir Stratford Canning.

93.

Discoveries

Newton, Wood, Pullan. 94. Salzmann and Biliotti, Cesnola, Smith and Porcher, Dennis, Davis.^95. Purchases of Farnese,Pourtales, Blacas, Castellani collections,

&c. 96.

Private collectors

of marbles:

antiques

:

collection

Cook, &c. 97. Collectors of small Hertz, Mayer, Forman, Auldjo, &c. 98. Perils of privateLonsd.ile,

Lord

99.

Evils

of

private

collections. 100.

Passing

of

private collections into public

Appendix

(Letters of Sir

museums Thomas Roe)

129184 181205

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Catalogue of Collections.Explanation of some abbreviationsSt Ann's Hill, Surrey (Lady Holland)

.....

Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire (Marquis of Northampton)Battlesden, Bedfordshire (D. Bromilow, Esq.)

213

Eignor

P.irk,

Sussex (C. IL T. ILiwkins, Esq.)

A. Crane, Esq.) (J. Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire (Duke of Marlborough)

Birmingham, Warwickshire

Boynton, Yorkshire

(Sir \V. Strickland)

Broadl.\nds, Hampshire

(Rt.

Hon. W. Cowper Temple)226241

BRoCKLEsnv Park,

Lincolnshire (Earl of Yarborough

J^room Hall, Scotland (Earl of Elgin)

.... ....

CAMBRIDGEFitzwilliam Museu.mTrinity College Libraryib.

268271

Rev. C.Canterburj-,

W. King

St John's College

272//'.

Kent (Museum) Chatsworth, Derbyshire (Duke of Devonshire) Chichester, Sussex (Museum) Clumber Park, Nottinghamshire (Duke of Newcastle) Rev. J. H. Pollexfen) Colchester, Essex (Museum.

......

276277

278ib. ib.

Dalkeith Palace, Scotland (Duke of Buccleiich)

Deei'DENE, Surrey (Mrs Hope) Denton Hall, Northumberland (Lord Rokeby)Ditchley, Oxfordshire (Viscount Dillon)

294ib.ib.

Duncombe

Park, Yorkshire (Earl of Feversham)

Dunrobin Castle, Scotland (Duke of Sutherland) Easton Neston, Northamptonshire (Earl of Pomfret) EdinburghAntiquarian

296ih.

Museum

297 299ih.ib.

Architects' Institution

Royal Institution

Lord Murray Hamilton Palace, Scotland (Duke of Hamilton) Hillingdon Court, Middlesex (Lady Mills)

300301

HoLKHAM Hall,

Norfolk (Earl of Leicester)

.

30232.i

Houghton Hall, Norfolk (Marquis of Cholmondeley) Hovingham, Yorkshire (Sir \V. C. Worsley) Castle Howard, Yorkshire (Earl of Carlisle) The Hyde, Essex (J. Disney, Esq.).

3243^5 3.Wib. ib.

Ickworth, Suffolk (Earl of Bristol) INCE Blundell Hall, Lancashire (Th.

.... ....Weld.

Blundell, Esq.

Ketteringham Hall, Norfolk

(Sir J. Boileau)

4'5.

Kingston Lacy, Dorsetshire (W. R. Bankes, Esq.) Knole, Kent (Lord Sackville)Liverpool (Public

ib.

4irt

Museum)

4

=

3

xviii

TABLE OF CONTENTS.PAGE

LONDON

Apsley House (Duke of Wellington)

Atkinson, Esq.

....-,

4^94.^'ik//'.

C. S. Bale, Esq

Burlington House (Society of Antiquaries)Col. Maitland CriclUon

Hi-

Devonshire House (Duke of Devonshire)

432

Lord Elcho K. Ford, EsqA.

H4,?3''''.

W.

Franks, Esq.

Guildhall

434

W.

R. Hamilton, Esq.

The

late

ib.

Holland House

Lansdowne

House (Marquis of Lansdowne)

..... . . .

4.^5ib.

Lord Leicester Lord De Mauley

472ib. ib.

Mr

Mellhuish

SoANE MuseumSouth KensingtonStafford

Museum

.

.

.

473 481 485 486ib.

House (Duke of Sutherland) Lord WemyssSir R. Westmacott,

The

late

Lord Yarborough LOWTHER Castle, Westmoreland (Earl of Lonsdale)

Marbury Hall,

Cheshire (A. H. Smith Barry, Esq.)(C.

.... ......

487ib.

500516522//'.

Margam, Glamorganshire

R. Mansel Talbot, Esq.)

.

.

Narford Hall, Norfolk (A. C. Fountaine, Esq.)

Newby Hall,

Yorkshire (Lady ^L Vyner)

Osborne, Isle of Wight (Royal Palace)Osterley Park, Middlesex (Earl of Jersey)

.......

535

538ib.

OXFORDUniversity Galleries

=40

The Schools ASHMOLEAN MuSEUMAll Souls' CollegeChrist

Church College

Radcliffe LibraryI'enrice Castle,I'ensluirst,

.......... ...........

572 5S0592

593ib.

Glamorganshire (C. R. Mansel Talbot, Esq.)Lisle

.

.

595//'.

Kent (Viscount De

and Dudley)

Petvvorth House, Sussex (Lord Leconfield) Pippbrook House, Surrey (Mrs Seymour Burt)Ramsgate, Kent (H. Curling, Esq.) Richmond, Surrey (Francis Cook, Esq.) Rokeby Hall, Yorkshire (Col. Morritt) RossiE Priory, Scotland (Lord Kinnaird)Salisbury, Wiltshire (Blackmore

596

618ib.

619

Museum)

643 648 658

Shobden, Herefordshire (Lord Bateman) Stanmore Hill, Middlesex (C. D. E. Fortnum, Esq.)

....

//'.

659

TAISLE OF CONTENTS.PAGESlourhcail House, Wiltshire (Siv R. Ilo.ire)

66i

Hampshire (Dul|.)

66+665(/'.

716

Windsor Castle, Berkshire (Royal Palace) Winton Castle, Scotland (Lady Ruthven) WoBURN AuiiEV, Bedfordshire (Duke of Bedford)Inde.xesI.

Collectors, Collections, Sources, &c.

II.

Drawings and EngravingsSubjects represented

77.i7.S(,

III.

IV.

Epigraphical Index

....AND WOODCUTS.

8::;

LIST OF PLATESPl.\teI.

Relief, girl with

l'L.\TE II.

two doves (Brocklesby Park, no. 17) tofua p Fragment of a statue of a Kistophoros (Cambridge,no. i).

to fact pp-

242

Fig.

I

Right shoulder of the same statuePattern decorating the cista of the same statueIII.

242

Fig. 2

p- 24.ip-

Plate

Head

of Aphrodite

Pl.-vte IV.

Front of a

tojace (Holkham Hall, no. 37) sarcophagus, "the Winds" (Ince Elundell

314

Hall, no. 221)

lofaa.

p-

Fig.

3.

Relief,

Zeus (Ince Blundell Hall, no. 259)

p.

374 35

Fig. 4

Relief, a

Plate V. Plate VI. Plate VII.Pl.\te VIIIFig.

Statue of an Statue of

Centaur (Ince Blundell Hall, no. 267) Amazon (Lansdowne House, no. 83)

pto fact p-

3q462

Hermes (Lansdowne House,

no. 85)

to fact p-

464

tofaa p 610 Bust of a heroine (Petworth House, no. 27) Terra cotta figure of a maiden at her toilette (Rich-

mond, no.5.

14)

......

to flic

Votive Relief to Zeus (Wilton House, no. 48)Relief, a Greek maiden (Woburn Abbey, no. 100)

p 627 p 6873'

Plate IX.Pl.vie X.

toflCL p

.Sarcophagus, Patroklos, Achilleusand Hektor( Woburn

Abbey, no.

2i(j)

/o

/i.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY.Bedfordshire:Battlesden,

Woburn Abbey.

Berkshire

:

Windsor

Castle.

Cambridgeshire: Cambrkltje.

Cheshire: Marbury

Hall.

DerbyshireEssex

:

Chatsworth.:

Dorsetshire:

Kingston Lacy.

Colchester,:

The Hyde.Margam, PenriccCastle.

Glamorganshire

Hampshire

:

Broadlands, Stratfield Saye.:

Herefordshire

Shobden.

Kent

:

Canterbury, Knole, Penshurst, Ramsgate, Tunbridge Wells.:

Lancashire

Ince Blundell Hall, Liverpool.:

Lincolnshire

Brocklesby Park.

Middlesex

:

Hillingdon Court, London, Osterley Park, Stanmore Hill.Hall,:

Norfolk

:

Holkham

Houghton Hall, Ketteringham Hall, Narford

Hall.

Northamptonshire

Castle Ashby, Easton Neston.

NorthumberlandNottingh.amshire

:

Denton Hall.

:

Clumber Park.

OxfordshireScotland:

:

Blenheim Palace, Ditchley, Oxford.Hall, Dalkeith Palace,

Broom

Dunrobin

Castle, Edinburgh,

Hamil-

ton Palace, Rossie Priory, Winton Castle.

Staffordshire

:

Trentham Hall.

Suffolk

:

Ickworth.St Ann's Hill, Deepdene, Pippbrook House, Richmond, Wimbledon.

SurreySussex:

:

Bignor Park, Chichester, Petworth House.Castle.

Warwickshire: Birmingham, Warwick

Westmoreland

:

Lowther

Castle.

Wight, Isle of Osborne. Wiltshire: Salisbury, Stourhead House, Wilton House. Yorkshire: Boynton, Duncombe Park, Hovingham, Castle Howard, Nevvby:

Hall,

Rokeby

Hall,

Wentworth

Castle,

Wentworlh House.

ADPF.NDA AND CORRIGENDA.

xxi

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.P. 5.

The

earliest instance ofis

Romeof

afforded by

Henryvol.

an English collector of ancient sculpture at of lilois, Bishop of Winchester, brother

King Stephen, who Germ. Histor., Script., 1880, Nov. 6, p. 330.1. 1.I.

lived at.\x.,

Rome

about

A. D. 11

50; see

Momtm.Academy

p. 542.

Cf. R. Pauli in the

P. 34, P. 45, P. 60,

13

:

discovered] read: copiedfifty-two] read: eighty-three:I.

35

:

8 dele

that7:

P. 70, n. 177,!'

1783] read: 1753

75.

'

5

'^''''''-

Hon.Academy, 1878,p. 142, notej:.

P. 81, n. 205 add: P. 89, n.P. 104, P. 105,1.1.

229I:

:

nos. 38, 66] read: nos. 40, 46

decade] read: decades

4: 1778] read: 1777 P. 108, n. 275 add: Guattani, Mon. Iiied., 1805, P. n8, 1. 15: Kistophors] read: KistophorosP. 126,1.1.

p.

lxxxvh.

16:

Mr

P. 157,

420

at the end,

Anson] read: Lord Anson add: Arch. Zeit., 1880, pp.Oldfield, Trans.

83f.

P. 160, n.

^^oadd: Edm.

K.

Sec. Lit., vol. VI.,

Nr^u

Series, pp.

130

ff.

P. 161, 1.3: 23] read: 24I'.

162, n.I.

P. 166,

P.

171.

436 add: Vaux, Trans. R. Soc. Lit., vol. viil., Nciu Series, p. 590. from end: found] read: founded For the matters treated in 94 and 95 cf. Vaux, Trans. R. Soc. Lit.,3

vol. VHI.,

A^ew

Series, pp.

559

ff.

P.

176,

1.

17.

The((/.

seats of

Lady Charlotte Glamis, widow of Thomas Georgeand Paul's

Lord Glamis

1834), are Strathmore, Glamis-Castle, Forfarshire,

Warden, Hertfordshire.P. 211.

In Alnwick Castle (Northumberland), the seat of the Duke OF NoRTHUMliERLAND, is preserved, besides some Roman cinerary urns of great beauty (Waagen, Treas., IV., p. 473), the famous

Beverley collection of gems.P. 211, St

Ann'sI.

Hill, no.

5,

add: Clarac,

IV.

755,

1844. In Piranesi's

52 there is an engraving of a large marble vase {/crater), in the possession of Lord Holland, with reliefs said to represent the It is evident from the engraving that at least the suovetaiirilia.Vasi,PI.

upper part of the vase lo entirely modern but also the reliefs which show a scene of sacrifice {camillus, priest near tripod, flute player, popa slaying a hog, servant bringing a bull, etc.) convey a rather;

modern impression.P. 211.

The

vases preserved at Castle

Ashby have

lately

been examinedas kindly

J'.

by Dr Furtwiingler, see Arch. Zeit., 1881, pp. 301 ff. The right spelling of the owner's name, 212, Battlesden, 1. 3. municated by him, is Bromilow.

com-

xxii1'. 1'.1'.

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.666 B, 1508 A.identical with Cavaceppi,

213, liignor no. i add: Clarac, iv.

215, no.

3,

1.

9: surrounded] read: flanked.

216, Boynton, no.cf.

i,add: ProbablyI.

Race,

III.

52,

Bernoulli, Koin. Ikonogr.,

p. 194.

P. 220, no. II,

" vannus" add: on his head. The altar seems to 1. 8 after have come from the Barberini collection, cf. Doaimenti ined. per

" Una piccola base trlanscrv. alia storia dci Miisci d' Italia, IV. p. 39 golare di ara con tre bassi rilievi, uiw rapprescntatite ima SacerdoSilcno tessa in atto di sagrificare, Valtro una Baccante, et il terzo un con canestro difrtitti in testa c patera in inano."V. 12^, no. 32P. 226, no.

add :

Piianesi, Vasi,Vi7si,is

I. I.

PI. 49. PI.

33 y

Mr

Vertiie,

and now finishedfrom

I.ondon,

28is

ANCIENT MARBLES IN GREAT BRITAIN.a

[l8, I9

book with drawingslost in

in

red chall< of statues and busts

which were

the burning of Whitehall A.D. 1698^'.

The

great majority of these are presumably derived from CharlesI.'s

collection.

of which the greater

There are drawings of sixty-four statues, number appear to be antique, thoughmodern. None of thembut several specimens are not withoutof the busts, nearly two hundredto suspicion.

much

restored. Others are certainlyfirst class,

are of theinterest.

The genuinenessis

in

number,

far

more open

High-soundingAll the

names have beenspecimens inthis

arbitrarily given to them, considerable

ingenuity having been expended in their selection.

book maintain throughout the characterIt

of antiques or imitations of Italian origin.that, as

may

be

Peacham intimates, part of them were derived from the Gonzaga collection at Mantua, whence Charles, about A.D. 1629, had obtained the most valuable portion of hispicturegallery''^.

Nothingall

in

these drawings suggests Greek

extraction.tion, I

Among

the vestiges of the royal collec-

can recognise the signs of Greek origin only inis

a single modest monument, whichArchipelago.scription,

probably to be traced

to Sir Kenelm's exertions on behalf of the

King

in the

This

is

a round pedestal with a Greek infirst

from Delos, which atzeal both of the

stood in St James's

Park, later in the gardens of Whitehall".Vicissi-

19.

The

King and

his Earl

Marshal

Royallection

Col- fo""

the Collection of antiquities was brought to an uncivil

after 1649.

welcome end by ' the outbreak of theas A.D. 1645 Parliament attached the^*

war.

As

early '

Buckingham

collec-

Cf.

p. 68.title:

Anhaeol. Zcititng, 1874, The folio volume bears the Drawings of Statues and Busts

that were in the Palace at Whitehall

Preserved by Sir before it was burnt. John Stanley, Bart., who belonged to the Lord Chamberlayne's office at the time the Palace was burnt down. (He was deputy Chamberlain.) The letter-

Eighteen specimens press is Italian. are mentioned specially by name on I shall give a a pj'efatory sheet.

account of the contents of this in another place, to the detennination of the date see Waagen, Treasures 0/ Art, i. The acquisition thus occurred p. 7. during the confusion of the Mantuan War of Succession, ^'' C. I. G. 2286. Patrick Young had seen the marble in the Garden of St James's (a. D. 1633), Prideaux at Whitehall (a. D. 1676).fuller'^

volume

As

19]

KAra,Y COLLECTIONS.at

29

tion

York House.

The

paintings

and statues were

dispersed"'.lection"'.

A

similar fate presently befell the royal col-

Only a few months after the monarch's death Parliament decreed the sale of his property, of which the works of art constituted not the least valuable part (March,Inventories were taken

A.D. 1649).sion.cited.in

by a

special

commis-

From

these are taken the numerical estimates aboveprice

A reservein

many

cases this reserve

modusfigure,

was fixed for each work of art, and was tolerably high. A "Cornthe habit of Hercules," a Muse, and a terminal;{^200 apiece;

were valued at

a "Tiberius Caesar

^500, a Silenus even at ^^600 and, as it seems, these pieces were actually sold.*^ The valuation of the grand total of three hundred and ninetyin the habit of a priest" at

nine statues reached thelarge

sum

of i7S^9-

lO-^-

6^^.

AAll

numberisis

w-ere

unfortunately dispersed.

Cardinal

Mazarinthat

reported to have boughtis

many

statues.

certain

that

the choice of

all

Sweden purchased the medals and jewels''^ The auctions

Queen

Christina of

dragged onfar

till

the year 1653.

It is certain

however thatParliament

from

all

the antique sculptures were sold.

itself

had already from the very beginning of the sale reserved such works "as should be thought fit to be reserved for the use of the state," and delegated theirWalpole, A>icd. ch. ix. (Charles according to the yotimal of the Commons. Catalogue of the Collection

"

I.)

authority, Hist, of the Rebellion, XI. 251 (IV. p. 547, Oxf.).

book

He

of the

Duke of Biukingham, Lond.

makes the above statement about Queen Christina; of Mazarin's purchases he only mentions " all the rich beds and hangings and carpets," of those of Don Alonzo de Cardenas, the

1758, preface. "- For the subject generally cf. the account given in Walpole's Anccd. Cf. also Calendar of State ch. IX. Papers (Domestic), 1649, pp. 10, 70, 170. ^ I borrow these values from a prefatory sheet of the book of drawings at Windsor, cited in note jS. Walpole, too, mentions the Tiberius ; Dallaway,

Spanish Ambassador, " many pictures and other precious goods." Dallaw.ay(Anecd.p.

232) reports that they l>oth

Anecd.'''

p. 232,

mentions others.

Catalogue of

King

Charles

I.'s

Collection, p. 7.11.

Waagen, Treasures,is

bought statues also; with reference to Mazarin, he probably borrowed this from the untrustworthy Kennedy, Description of Wilton House, p. 18. At that time no such antique sculptures seem to have gone to Spain. Cf. \\ iibner. Die ant. Bildwcrkein Madrid,Berlin, 1862, p. 8.

p. 467.

" Lord

Clarendon

the principal

30

ANCIENT MARBLES IN GREAT BRITAIN.

[19

selection to the Council of State.

Cromwell exerted himself

more than anyinstance,

one, though not always with success, to

restrain a barbarous squandering of art-treasures.

Thus

for

on the 13th of February, A.D. 165

1,

the surveyor

of the works,

Mr

Carter,

twelve statues from James

was directed "to take care to bring House to bee placed in the garden

of Whitehall, which are to bee such as hee shall find to bee

most proper for that use." This direction was carried out, and on the i6th of April the twelve statues "worthy to bekeptfor their antiquitysale.

and rarity" were

definitively ex-

cluded from the

The above-mentioned

sculptures

from St James's Palace also followed soon, when thatbuilding was fitted up as barracks. They were to be brought "to some other place more convenient"; "the

heads with the pedestalls belonging unto theminto

may bemake

sent

the gallerie in Whitehall to stand there untill the[for sale

Trustees

of the late King's goods] shall

sale

of them'^."

In fact they underwent such a sale in the same

year 1651; but Cromwell prevented their delivery to thepurchasers,

who

after his death

laid

a complaint beforeresult".

the Council of State;

we do not know with whatasis

At anyin

rate

an important part of the sculptures remainedwell

Whitehall, which was,

residence of the Protector in his last years.tures formed,

known, the usual These sculpfor

we can

tell,

the nucleus of the royal col;

lection of antiques after the Restoration

statues included in the inventories for the sale of

some of the KingIt is

Charles's property reappear

among

the

drawings of the

above-mentioned book

in

the Library at Windsor"*.

however evident from

this latter that

the collection also

^ The documents concerning the transaction in the Record Office have been pubHshed by W. Noel Sainsbury, in The Fine Arts Quarterly Review, I. 1863, p. 166; cf. now too Calendaro/StateT'apers(Domestic),i6$i,\>p.^c 78, 151, 202, 218, 243, 252, 257.'

^ TheII. p.

Catalogue of

King

Charles

I.'s Collection,^, j^y^^a.sigen.

Treasures,

467), brings nine statues into special prominence; three of which

(Nos.ings,

3, 6, 8)

recur amongst the drawi,

two (Nos.

7)

were modern

copies in bronze.

Walpole,

/.

cit.

19]

KAKLY COLLLCTIONS.II.,

3I

received sundry additions under Charles

through the

agency of the painter Sir Peter Lely"'. On the other hand, it is not clear how it comes about that those drawingscomprise almost twice as

many specimens

as the "list of

the Statues in Marble and Figures in Brass, in Whitehall,"

which Will. Chiffinch, of the King's bedchamber, had

drawn upofficial.

This list is, at least apparently, for James 11.' While it enumerates only twenty-eight groups and statues, one hundred and six busts and one relief, the book contains sixty-four groups and statues and one hundred and ninety-six busts moreover the numbers attached to the several drawings seem to indicate that the collection altogether contained more specimens than are shown in the;

extant drawings.

Since, as

is

well

known, a very conI.

siderable part of the picture gallery of Charles

was alsoclear that

brought together again after the Restoration,

it is

the halls and galleries of Whitehall will have contained a

very fine collection of art-treasures so long as

it

continued

to be the luxurious residence of the court of the

two

last

Stuarts.

Yet

it

fell

out as though this creation of the

dynasty of the Stuarts had been destined not to outlivetheirfall.

All that grandeur .perished on the disastrous

night of the 4th of January, A.D. 1698,

when a

fearful fire

destroyed the whole palace except Inigo Jones's Banqueting

HalP.

the general confusion.

Sundry sculptures were rescued and stolen in This was the case with a crouching

Venus which had been purchased by Lcly; four years later however it was found and recovered by the Crown''''. But*' On fol. je there is a lead-pencil note to No. 88, a crouching Venus, "bought by Lilly the Painter, with several other his Ma'" rarities." Note

72, III.'"

A

Pictures,

Catalogue of the Collection of belonging to King &'c.,

yaines the Second. Bathoe, 1758, p. loi.original manuscript

London,

W.

The print has beenmadefromacopyof Vertue's; theis

in the

British

Museum, Cod.

Ilarl. i8yo.

" Evelyn, Diary, 169S, Jan. 5. Macaulay, Uisloiy of England, ch. The equanimity with which King William took the loss is shown by aletter to Heinsius of the 7/17 Jan. (old and new style) 1698 in Rankc's nglisclieGesc/iic/ite,lK.p. 212, indcd. '- Walpole, /. cit. She is to be found in Chiflinch, p. 108 No. 13.16; among the drawings at Windsor on fol. 26 No. 88 (see above, note 69) as "Elena di Troia." A very beautifulxxill.

32

ANCIENT iMARBLES IN GREAT BRITAIN,I.

[ig,

20

the collection of Charlesirretrievably lost.

as a whole

was

utterly

and

ThtArun-

20.

The Arundel

collection

fared

somewhatPadua.

better.

tionduring'^^^ Earlfuin""''"'

Marshal had quitted England^" afterwards(A.D. 1646) at

for ever A.D. 1641,

^""^ ^'^^^

A valuablehad prethe Earl's

portion of his collections, the

gems and

jewels,

viously been taken to Holland for safetywill all his

".

By

goods were

left

to his Countess Alathea to be

at her

own

disposal absolutely, the greatest part of

having been purchased with her money".fortable relations subsisting

them Most uncomhave

between the mother and her

eldest son

Henry

Frederick, the

new

Earl, are said to

brought about a partial breaking-up of the collections, yetthis is

by no means

certain".

Again,

it is

not clear whether

the antiques were divided at once or rather after the death

of the old Countessite,

".

One share

fell

to the mother's favour-

her younger son, William Howard, Viscount Stafford,to Tart Hall, a house situated in the

and was removedhad had

neighbourhood of Buckingham Gate, which the Countessbuilt for her A.D. 1638

by Nich. Stone".

This

part of the collection remained there until A.D. 1720,after the death of

when

Henry, Earl of Stafford, eldest son of theall

hapless Viscount,

the contents were sold by auction.

On

this occasion"

bronze head ofof the propertyrelic

Dr Mead purchased the above-mentioned Homer." Works in marble appear by theIn any case the majority of the sculp"*'/.,

sale-catalogues not to have been included in this portion'^

of King Ch.irles's collection is the magnificent cameo with the portrait of the Emperor Claudius in Windsor (Fortnum in the Archaeologia XLV.pi. i).

Evelyn,

/.

dt.,

but Tierney,

/.

contradicts him."^

Walpole,p. 234.

/.

cit.

Dallaway,ch.viil.

Anecd.'^

Walpole,

Aticcd.

Evelyn, Letter to S. Pepys, 1689, Aug. 12, mentions Amsterdam; Walpole, Anecd. ch. IX. (Arundel), Antwerp. Pictures also were sent there. See Causton, The ffmuard Papers, p.56.

'^

(Stone).

Tierney, Hist, of Arundel, II. The will is published in Howard, Ch., Historical Anccdctcs, London, 1769.p.

'*

Walpole, Anecd. ch. IX. (Arundel), had seen a printed catalogue, which was miserably drawn up, with the prices, in the possession of Mr West he states the amount of the proceeds it ;^6,535; Dallaway, ^//eca'.'**; ,

503.

p. 239, O/'i'te/Hary, p. 284,

mentions,

after

;^8,852.

Howard's Historical Atucdotes, \\s., and gives the several

20, 2l]

EARLY COLLECTIONS.

33

as indeed of the aiiticjues generally, remained in Arundel House as the heritage of the eldest son. There fresh dangers threatened them. For by order of Parliamenttiires,

the entire property of the Arundel family was laid under

attachment, a.d. 1651, and, just ascollections,

in

the case of the king's

an inventory of the

" several] goodes, picktures,

and statuespared.

at Arundell House in the Strand" was preIndeed, owing to " the recusancy of Alathea, late

Countesse Dowager of Arundell and Surrey," the proposalof sale was again raised two years after her death (A.D. 1656),

and

to

some extent

at least

was carried out

.

However,

to all appearance only pictures were dealt with

by

this

measure; the antiques most likely suffered damage throughinsufficient supervision

on the part of the owner and negli-

gence on that of his personal attendants rather than by direct measures of the government *".21.

By

the time that the Restoration had put an end Thencgledproperty, the Earl

to

the insecurity of personal

Henry !"^'-'^yvw"

Frederick had died (a.d. 1652).

His eldest son, Thomasin

Howard, who was reinstated by Charles H.dignity of the

the old family o^",/.'

Duchy

of Norfolk (A.D. 1662), resided as a(a.d. 1677).

lunatic at Padua,

where he died

The care of the

family property consequently devolvedson,

upon the secondhis

Henry Howard, whomandits

his father

had already regarded

as his future heir

successor*'.

To

charge then

Arundel House with

costly collections

was entrusted.

But he had nothingof his grandfather.

in

common

with the

artistic interests

The derangement

of the property and

family circumstances explain his paying no heed to a proposal*",

which came from a thoroughly friendly quarter, to

makecl.isses;

the statuesfor

knownJewels\ad..

to the world

by an

illustratedSloane

example,

and

Curiosities ^^2,467. 1$. ia. \os. 6d.

Medals

1664, March i, in Brit. Mus. MS. 1906 (Causton, The Papers, p. 143).*'

HowardPapers,

'' See Sainsbury, W. Noel, in The Fine Arts Quarlcrly Rcviciu, I. 1S63, p. 168, " Extracts from the Documents of the Record Office." *

Causton, TheEveI)Ti,in

Howardletter

p.

(t},.

"-

to

Henry4.

Howard,

of Norfolk, 1667,

Aug.

Cf.

Edw.C.

lirowne's youriial,;

M.

34

ANCIENT MARBLES IN GREAT BRITAIN.

[21

publication.relics

The

carelessness with which the venerable

were allowed to perish was inexcusable, nay abso-

The inscriptions, which Selden's book lutely criminal. had made especially famous, were "miserably neglected and scattered up and down about the garden and other parts of Arundel House, exceedingly impaired by thecorrosive air of stolen;

London "^ ".

Manylittle

were destroyed, othersregarded that on the

indeed they were so

repair of the house they

were used as building material

In this way the upper half of the very valuable Marnior Parium disappeared in a chimney of the palace, and it

would have been utterlytimes*^

lost to the learned

world had notit

the diligence of Selden and his friends discovered

bere-

The

heir

behaved with equal carelessness withto carry a\\ay

spect to the famous library of his ancestors, " suffering thepriests

and everybody^."

and dispose of whatirre-

they pleas'd, so that abundance of rare things were

vocably gone

Under such circumstances

it

was a

veri-

table deliverance that an old friend of the family,

Johnit

Evelyn, used his influence with the owner to such purposethat he assigned his treasures to safetrue, in indifference to theirliberality.

hands, more,

is

value than from high-minded

In the year 1667 the library was at Evelyn's**,

instance presented to the Royal Society

which had not

long before been founded.bles to the University of" all

The

presentation of the mar-

Oxford followed. They comprisedstatues," inclusive of the

those stones, coins, altars, &c., and whatever had in-

scriptions

on them, that were not

slabs let into the garden walls".

This collection had once

consisted of two hundred and fifty inscribed stones.

But of

these only one hundred and thirty-six arrived at Oxford"".

The remainder had been*'

lost in those

few decades

!

The9,

Evelyn, Diary, 1667, Sept. 19, .ind in the letter quoted. " Prideaux, Marmora Oxoniensia, Oxf. 1676, preface. *'' Evelyn, Diary, 1678, Aug.29.

^Mar.

Evelyn, Diary,4, i67