ancient history - arc · ancient societies – 25 marks ... briefly describe the role of akhenaten...

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2002H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E

E X A M I N AT I O N

General Instructions

• Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 3 hours

• Write using black or blue pen

Total marks – 100

Pages 2–5

Personalities in Their Times – 25 marks

• Attempt ONE question from Questions 1–12

• Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Pages 9–22

Ancient Societies – 25 marks



Pages 25–31

Historical Periods – 25 marks



Pages 33–45

Additional Historical Period ORAdditional Ancient Society – 25 marks

• Attempt ONE question from Questions 45–63 ORONE question from Question 64–76

• Choose a different Ancient Society from the oneyou chose in Section II, or a different HistoricalPeriod from the one you chose in Section III


Section IV

Section III

Section II

Section I

Ancient History

– 2 –

Section I — Personalities in Their Times

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 1–12Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in a writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

Page

Question 1 — Option A – Egypt: Hatshepsut ................................................................. 3

Question 2 — Option B – Egypt: Akhenaten .................................................................. 3

Question 3 — Option C – Egypt: Ramesses II ................................................................ 3

Question 4 — Option D – Near East: Sennacherib ............................................................... 3

Question 5 — Option E – Near East: Jezebel ....................................................................... 3

Question 6 — Option F – Near East: Xerxes ........................................................................ 4

Question 7 — Option G – Greece: Pericles ....................................................................... 4

Question 8 — Option H – Greece: Alexander the Great ................................................... 4

Question 9 — Option I – Greece: Cleopatra VII ............................................................. 4

Question 10 — Option J – Rome: Scipio Africanus ........................................................ 4

Question 11 — Option K – Rome: Julius Caesar .............................................................. 5

Question 12 — Option L – Rome: Agrippina the Younger ............................................... 5

Question 1 — Option A – Egypt: Hatshepsut (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background of Hatshepsut.

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Hatshepsut’s building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Hatshepsut.

Question 2 — Option B – Egypt: Akhenaten (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the role of Akhenaten as king (pharaoh).

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Akhenaten’s building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Akhenaten.

Question 3 — Option C – Egypt: Ramesses II (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the role of Ramesses II as king (pharaoh).

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Ramesses II’s building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Ramesses II.

Question 4 — Option D – Near East: Sennacherib (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background and early career of Sennacherib.

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Sennacherib’s building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Sennacherib.

Question 5 — Option E – Near East: Jezebel (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the social position of Jezebel in Israelite society.

(b) Explain Jezebel’s conflict with and persecution of Hebrew prophets.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Jezebel. 10

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Question 6 — Option F – Near East: Xerxes (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe Xerxes’ family background and his rise to power.

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Xerxes’ building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Xerxes.

Question 7 — Option G – Greece: Pericles (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background and education of Pericles.

(b) Explain the purpose and extent of Pericles’ building program.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Pericles.

Question 8 — Option H – Greece: Alexander the Great (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background and education of Alexander the Great.

(b) Explain the reasons for the military achievements of Alexander the Great.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Alexander the Great.

Question 9 — Option I – Greece: Cleopatra VII (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background of Cleopatra VII.

(b) Explain the significance of Cleopatra’s relationship with Mark Antony.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Cleopatra VII.

Question 10 — Option J – Rome: Scipio Africanus (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background of Scipio Africanus.

(b) Explain the role of Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Scipio Africanus. 10

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Question 11 — Option K – Rome: Julius Caesar (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background of Julius Caesar.

(b) Explain the reasons for the military achievements of Julius Caesar.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Julius Caesar.

Question 12 — Option L – Rome: Agrippina the Younger (25 marks)

(a) Briefly describe the family background of Agrippina the Younger.

(b) Explain the significance of the relationship between Agrippina the Younger andNero.

(c) Evaluate the ancient or modern interpretations of Agrippina the Younger. 10

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© Board of Studies NSW 2002

– 8 –

Section II — Ancient Societies

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 13–25

If you are answering two questions on Ancient Societies, you must answer onone society in Section II, and a different society in Section IV

Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in the Section II Answer Booklet.

Page

Question 13 — Option A – Egypt: Society in Old Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties III–VI ...................................................... 10

Question 14 — Option B – Egypt: Society in Middle Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties XI–XII ..................................................... 11

Question 15 — Option C – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt during the Ramesside Period, Dynasties XIX–XX ............ 12

Question 16 — Option D – Near East: Assyrian Society in the Sargonid Period from Sargon II to Ashurbanipal ............................... 13

Question 17 — Option E – Near East: Society in Israel from Jeroboam I to the Fall of Samaria .................................................. 14

Question 18 — Option F – Near East: Persian Society in the time of Darius and Xerxes ............................................................... 15

Question 19 — Option G – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Minoan Society ................... 16

Question 20 — Option H – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Mycenaean Society ............. 17

Question 21 — Option I – Greece: Spartan Society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC .... 18

Question 22 — Option J – Greece: Athenian Society in the time of Pericles ................. 19

Question 23 — Option K – Rome: Roman Society in the time of Cicero ...................... 20

Question 24 — Option L – Rome: Society in Rome from Augustus to Titus ................ 21

Question 25 — Option M– Rome: Roman Society in the Fourth Century AD .............. 22

2002 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Ancient History

– 9 –104a

Section II — Ancient Societies

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 13–25Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in the Section II Answer Booklet.

MarksQuestion 13 — Option A – Egypt: Society in Old Kingdom Egypt,

Dynasties III–VI (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO Old Kingdom pyramid complexes.

(b) What were TWO roles of an Old Kingdom king?

(c) Describe the roles of females in Old Kingdom society.

(d) Outline the social structure of Old Kingdom society.

(e) With reference to Source 1 and other evidence, explain the development offunerary customs and rituals in Old Kingdom Egypt.

Source 1: The mummy of Nefer at Sakkara

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Question 14 — Option B – Egypt: Society in Middle Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties XI–XII (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO gods/goddesses worshipped in Middle Kingdom Egypt.

(b) What were TWO roles of a Middle Kingdom king?

(c) Describe the roles of a vizier in Middle Kingdom society.

(d) Outline the main trading activities in Middle Kingdom Egypt.

(e) With reference to Source 2 and other evidence, explain the significance ofvarious occupations in Middle Kingdom society.

Source 2: Spinning and weaving scene from a Middle Kingdom tomb

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Question 15 — Option C – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt duringthe Ramesside Period, Dynasties XIX–XX (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO gods/goddesses worshipped in the Ramesside period.

(b) What were TWO features of the New Kingdom economy?

(c) Describe the roles of a New Kingdom queen.

(d) Outline the social structure of New Kingdom society.

(e) With reference to Source 3 and other evidence, explain the main features ofarchitecture during the Ramesside period.

Source 3: Court of the Ramesseum

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Question 16 — Option D – Near East: Assyrian Society in the Sargonid Periodfrom Sargon II to Ashurbanipal (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO Assyrian gods/goddesses worshipped in the Sargonid period.

(b) Name TWO roles played by diviners in Assyrian society.

(c) Describe the main features of Assyrian art.

(d) Outline the treatment of captives and deportees in the Sargonid period.

(e) With reference to Source 4 and other evidence, explain the organisation of themilitary in the Sargonid period.

Source 4: Assyrian battering-ram attacking a city

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Question 17 — Option E – Near East: Society in Israel from Jeroboam I tothe Fall of Samaria (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO kings of ancient Israel.

(b) What was Ba’al worship?

(c) Describe the main features of the Israelite economy.

(d) Outline the social structure of Israelite society.

(e) With reference to Source 5 and other evidence, explain the main features offortified palace settlements during this period.

Source 5: Megiddo. Model of the fortress city

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Question 18 — Option F – Near East: Persian Society in the time of Dariusand Xerxes (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO capital cities of the Persian empire.

(b) What was tribute?

(c) Describe the system of roads that existed during this period.

(d) Outline the structure of Persian government in this period.

(e) With reference to Source 6 and other evidence, explain the organisation of thePersian army during this period.

Source 6: One of the Immortals

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Question 19 — Option G – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Minoan Society(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO Minoan economic activities.

(b) Name TWO features of Minoan housing.

(c) Describe the main features of Minoan frescoes.

(d) Outline the social structure of Minoan society.

(e) With reference to Source 7 and other evidence, explain the main features of thePalace of Knossos.

Source 7: View of the light well above the Throne Room at Knossos

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Acknowledgement: Australian Picture Library/Corbis

Question 20 — Option H – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Mycenaean Society(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO Mycenaean economic activities.

(b) Name TWO roles of the Mycenaean king (wanax).

(c) Describe the main features of Mycenaean art.

(d) Outline the main occupations in Mycenaean society.

(e) With reference to Source 8 and other evidence, explain the main features ofMycenaean palace sites.

Source 8: Reconstruction of the citadel at Mycenae

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Question 21 — Option I – Greece: Spartan Society to the Battle of Leuctra371 BC (25 marks)

(a) Name TWO geographical features in the region of Sparta.

(b) What were TWO roles of Spartan women?

(c) Describe the roles of the krypteia in Spartan society.

(d) Outline the roles and privileges of Spartan kings.

(e) With reference to Source 9 and other evidence, explain the roles of the perioikoiin Spartan society.

Source 9: Plutarch, Plutarch On Sparta

[The perioikoi] enjoyed free status and managed theinternal affairs of their own communities. . . . few, if any,Spartiates practised a manual craft; the commercial andeconomic role of the perioikoi must have become a veryimportant one.

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Question 22 — Option J – Greece: Athenian Society in the time of Pericles(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO gods/goddesses worshipped in Athens in the time of Pericles.

(b) Name TWO Athenian festivals.

(c) Describe the role of Athenian women in society.

(d) Outline the importance of the Agora to Athenian society.

(e) With reference to Source 10 and other evidence, explain the main features ofAthenian government.

Source 10: A reconstruction of the kleroterion

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Copyright permission not received for this illustration. Please see the hard copy of the paper.

Question 23 — Option K – Rome: Roman Society in the time of Cicero(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO gods/goddesses worshipped in Rome during this time.

(b) What was a pater familias?

(c) Describe Roman marriage customs.

(d) Outline the role of the Roman Forum.

(e) With reference to Source 11 and other evidence, explain the main features ofRoman religion in the time of Cicero.

Source 11: A priest examining the entrails

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Question 24 — Option L – Rome: Society in Rome from Augustus to Titus(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO occupations in Roman society during this time.

(b) What is an amphitheatre?

(c) Describe the importance of Ostia to Roman society.

(d) Outline the social structure of Roman society at this time.

(e) With reference to Source 12 and other evidence, explain the main features ofleisure activities in Roman society at this time.

Source 12: A chariot race

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Question 25 — Option M – Rome: Roman Society in the Fourth Century AD(25 marks)

(a) Name TWO Roman emperors in the fourth century AD.

(b) What is meant by polytheistic practices?

(c) Describe the status of women in this time.

(d) Outline the problems with taxation during this time.

(e) With reference to Source 13 and other evidence, explain the promotion ofChristianity in the fourth century AD.

Source 13: Monument to a late Roman official and his wife

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Section III — Historical Periods

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 26–44

If you are answering two questions on Historical Periods, you must answer onone period in Section III, and a different period in Section IV

Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

Page

Question 26 — Option A – Egypt: From Unification to the end of Dynasty VI ............ 26

Question 27 — Option B – Egypt: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Dynasty XI to Dynasty XII ............................................................. 26

Question 28 — Option C – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt to the death of Thutmosis IV ........................................................... 26

Question 29 — Option D – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt from Amenhotep III to the death of Ramesses II ..................................... 27

Question 30 — Option E – Near East: Assyria from Tiglath-Pileser I to Tiglath-Pileser III, 1115–727 BC ............................ 27

Question 31 — Option F – Near East: Assyria from Sargon II to the Fall of Nineveh 721–609 BC .............................................. 27

Question 32 — Option G – Near East: Israel and Judah from the death of Solomon to the Fall of Jerusalem ............................ 27

Question 33 — Option H – Near East: Persia from Cyrus II to the death of Darius III ................................................................. 28

Question 34 — Option I – Greece: The Development of the Greek World 800–500 BC ............................................................. 28

Question 35 — Option J – Greece: The Greek World 500–440 BC ............................... 28

Question 36 — Option K – Greece: The Greek World 446–399 BC ............................... 29

Question 37 — Option L – Greece: Fourth Century Greece to the death of Alexander the Great ................................................. 29

Question 38 — Option M– Greece: The Hellenistic Period from the death of Alexander the Great to Cleopatra VII ..................... 29

Question 39 — Option N – Rome: Rome’s Wars of Expansion 264–133 BC ................ 29

Question 40 — Option O – Rome: Political Revolution in Rome 133–78 BC ............... 30

Question 41 — Option P – Rome: The Fall of the Roman Republic 78–28 BC ........... 30

Question 42 — Option Q – Rome: Augustus and the Julio–Claudians .......................... 30

Question 43 — Option R – Rome: The Roman Empire AD 68–235 ............................. 31

Question 44 — Option S – Rome: The Later Roman Empire AD 235–410 .................. 31


Ancient History

– 25 –105

Question 26 — Option A – Egypt: From Unification to the end of Dynasty VI(25 marks)

(a) Analyse the changes to religion during this period.

OR

(b) Account for the decline of Old Kingdom Egypt.

Question 27 — Option B – Egypt: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Dynasty XI toDynasty XII (25 marks)

(a) Assess the importance of Nubia to Egypt during this period.

OR

(b) Assess the importance of the building program of ONE king during this period.

Question 28 — Option C – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt to the death ofThutmosis IV (25 marks)

(a) Assess the impact on Egypt of the rise of the cult of Amun during this period.

OR

(b) Assess the significance of the ‘Warrior Pharaoh’ image during this period. 25

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In your answer you will be assessed on how well you:

■ present a sustained, logical, and well-structured answer to the question

■ use relevant sources to support your argument

■ use historical terms and concepts appropriately

Marks

Question 29 — Option D – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt from Amenhotep IIIto the death of Ramesses II (25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of the reign of Amenhotep III.

OR

(b) Assess the military achievements of Ramesses II.

Question 30 — Option E – Near East: Assyria from Tiglath-Pileser I toTiglath-Pileser III, 1115–727 BC (25 marks)

(a) Analyse the changing relations between Assyria and its vassal-states during thisperiod.

OR

(b) Assess the impact of Tiglath-Pileser III as an Assyrian king.

Question 31 — Option F – Near East: Assyria from Sargon II to the Fall ofNineveh 721–609 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of the achievements of Ashurbanipal as an Assyrianking.

OR

(b) Account for the decline and fall of the Assyrian empire.

Question 32 — Option G – Near East: Israel and Judah from the death ofSolomon to the Fall of Jerusalem (25 marks)

(a) Account for the division of Israel into two separate kingdoms.

OR

(b) Account for Assyria’s destruction of Israel. 25

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Question 33 — Option H – Near East: Persia from Cyrus II to the death ofDarius III (25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of Darius I as a Persian king.

OR

(b) Account for the fall of the Persian empire.

Question 34 — Option I – Greece: The Development of the Greek World800–500 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the importance of colonisation to the development of the Greek world.

OR

(b) Assess the significance of Solon’s reforms for Athenian democracy.

Question 35 — Option J – Greece: The Greek World 500–440 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the reasons for the victory of the Greeks in the Second Persian War(480–479 BC).

OR

(b) Assess the significance of Cimon to the Greek world during this period. 25

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Question 36 — Option K – Greece: The Greek World 446–399 BC (25 marks)

(a) Explain the causes of the Great Peloponnesian War.

OR

(b) Assess the contribution of Athenian leadership to the course of the GreatPeloponnesian War (431–404 BC).

Question 37 — Option L – Greece: Fourth Century Greece to the death ofAlexander the Great (25 marks)

(a) Assess the impact of the Spartan hegemony on the Greek world at this time.

OR

(b) Assess the impact of Phillip II of Macedon as a military leader.

Question 38 — Option M – Greece: The Hellenistic Period from the death ofAlexander the Great to Cleopatra VII (25 marks)

(a) Assess the influence of the Ptolemies during this period.

OR

(b) Assess the significance of the Revolt of the Maccabees in this period.

Question 39 — Option N – Rome: Rome’s Wars of Expansion 264–133 BC(25 marks)

(a) Explain the growth and influence of Hellenism during this period.

OR

(b) Account for Hannibal’s defeat in the Second Punic War. 25

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Question 40 — Option O – Rome: Political Revolution in Rome 133–78 BC(25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of the career of Tiberius Gracchus.

OR

(b) Account for the role of violence in Roman politics during this period.

Question 41 — Option P – Rome: The Fall of the Roman Republic 78–28 BC(25 marks)

(a) Account for the rise and impact of powerful generals during this period.

OR

(b) Assess the role of the Senate during this period.

Question 42 — Option Q – Rome: Augustus and the Julio–Claudians (25 marks)

(a) Assess the reform programs and policies of Augustus.

OR

(b) Assess the contribution and impact of EITHER Claudius OR Nero as princeps. 25

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Question 43 — Option R – Rome: The Roman Empire AD 68–235 (25 marks)

(a) Assess the contribution and impact of EITHER Vespasian OR Domitian toRome and the empire.

OR

(b) Explain the development of the imperial cult during this period.

Question 44 — Option S – Rome: The Later Roman Empire AD 235–410(25 marks)

(a) Assess the contribution and impact of EITHER Diocletian OR Valentinian I toRome and the empire.

OR

(b) Explain the main stages in the Christianisation of the empire during this period. 25

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Section IV — Additional Historical Periods or Additional Ancient Society

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 45–63 OR ONE question from Questions 64–76You must choose a Historical Period OR an Ancient SocietyAllow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

Historical Periods Page

Questions 45–63 refer to Historical Periods

You must choose a different Historical Period from the one you chose in Section III

Question 45 — Option A – Egypt: From Unification to the end of Dynasty VI ............ 34Question 46 — Option B – Egypt: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Dynasty XI to

Dynasty XII ............................................................. 34Question 47 — Option C – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt to the death of

Thutmosis IV ........................................................... 34Question 48 — Option D – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt from Amenhotep III

to the death of Ramesses II ..................................... 35Question 49 — Option E – Near East: Assyria from Tiglath-Pileser I to

Tiglath-Pileser III, 1115–727 BC ............................ 35Question 50 — Option F – Near East: Assyria from Sargon II to the Fall of

Nineveh 721–609 BC .............................................. 35Question 51 — Option G – Near East: Israel and Judah from the death of

Solomon to the Fall of Jerusalem ............................ 35Question 52 — Option H – Near East: Persia from Cyrus II to the death of

Darius III ................................................................. 36Question 53 — Option I – Greece: The Development of the Greek World

800–500 BC ............................................................. 36Question 54 — Option J – Greece: The Greek World 500–440 BC ............................... 36Question 55 — Option K – Greece: The Greek World 446–399 BC ............................... 37Question 56 — Option L – Greece: Fourth Century Greece to the death of

Alexander the Great ................................................. 37Question 57 — Option M– Greece: The Hellenistic Period from the death of

Alexander the Great to Cleopatra VII ..................... 37Question 58 — Option N – Rome: Rome’s Wars of Expansion 264–133 BC ................ 37Question 59 — Option O – Rome: Political Revolution in Rome 133–78 BC ............... 38Question 60 — Option P – Rome: The Fall of the Roman Republic 78–28 BC ........... 38Question 61 — Option Q – Rome: Augustus and the Julio–Claudians .......................... 38Question 62 — Option R – Rome: The Roman Empire AD 68–235 ............................. 39Question 63 — Option S – Rome: The Later Roman Empire AD 235–410 .................. 39


Ancient History

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Question 45 — Option A – Egypt: From Unification to the end of Dynasty VI(25 marks)

(a) Assess the contribution of the kings of Dynasty VI to the development of OldKingdom Egypt.

OR

(b) Assess the impact of military expeditions and foreign contact on Old KingdomEgypt.

Question 46 — Option B – Egypt: Middle Kingdom Egypt, Dynasty XI toDynasty XII (25 marks)

(a) Assess the contribution of the kings of Dynasty XII to the development ofMiddle Kingdom Egypt.

OR

(b) Account for the major cultural and diplomatic relations between MiddleKingdom Egypt and its neighbours.

Question 47 — Option C – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt to the death ofThutmosis IV (25 marks)

(a) Explain the administration of the Egyptian ‘empire’ in this period.

OR

(b) Explain the political significance of building programs during this period. 25

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■ use relevant sources to support your answer


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Question 48 — Option D – Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt from Amenhotep IIIto the death of Ramesses II (25 marks)

(a) Assess the religious reforms of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten).

OR

(b) Assess the achievements of Sety (Seti) I.

Question 49 — Option E – Near East: Assyria from Tiglath-Pileser I toTiglath-Pileser III, 1115–727 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of Assurnasirpal II as an Assyrian king.

OR

(b) Explain the political role of building programs in this period.

Question 50 — Option F – Near East: Assyria from Sargon II to the Fall ofNineveh 721–609 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the contribution of Sargon II to the Assyrian empire.

OR

(b) Account for the methods used by Assyrian kings in dealing with rebellions bysubject-states.

Question 51 — Option G – Near East: Israel and Judah from the death ofSolomon to the Fall of Jerusalem (25 marks)

(a) Account for the political and religious activities of the prophets in the kingdomof Israel.

OR

(b) Account for the destruction of the kingdom of Judah (587 BC). 25

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Question 52 — Option H – Near East: Persia from Cyrus II to the death ofDarius III (25 marks)

(a) Assess the impact of Cambyses as a Persian king.

OR

(b) Explain the administrative structure and management of the Persian empireduring this period.

Question 53 — Option I – Greece: The Development of the Greek World800–500 BC (25 marks)

(a) Account for the rise of tyrants in at least TWO Greek poleis (city-states) duringthis period.

OR

(b) Assess the contribution of Cleisthenes to the development of Atheniandemocracy.

Question 54 — Option J – Greece: The Greek World 500–440 BC (25 marks)

(a) Account for the transformation of the Delian League into the Athenian empire.

OR

(b) Account for the development of Athenian democracy during this period. 25

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Question 55 — Option K – Greece: The Greek World 446–399 BC (25 marks)

(a) Assess the importance of naval power in the Great Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC).

OR

(b) Assess the impact on the Greek world of the Spartan victory in the GreatPeloponnesian War.

Question 56 — Option L – Greece: Fourth Century Greece to the death ofAlexander the Great (25 marks)

(a) Assess the impact of the Theban hegemony on the Greek world at this time.

OR

(b) Explain Alexander’s management of his empire.

Question 57 — Option M – Greece: The Hellenistic Period from the death ofAlexander the Great to Cleopatra VII (25 marks)

(a) Assess the impact of Alexander’s death on the Hellenistic world.

OR

(b) Assess the significance of the Antigonids as a dynasty during this period.

Question 58 — Option N – Rome: Rome’s Wars of Expansion 264–133 BC(25 marks)

(a) Assess the importance of naval power in the Punic wars.

OR

(b) Explain the role of Roman leaders during Rome’s wars of expansion(264–133 BC).

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Marks

Question 59 — Option O – Rome: Political Revolution in Rome 133–78 BC(25 marks)

(a) Assess the achievements of EITHER Marius OR Sulla.

OR

(b) Account for the impact of radical tribunes in Roman politics during this period.

Question 60 — Option P – Rome: The Fall of the Roman Republic 78–28 BC(25 marks)

(a) Account for the formation and breakdown of the ‘First Triumvirate’.

OR

(b) Account for the political rise and fall of Mark Antony.

Question 61 — Option Q – Rome: Augustus and the Julio–Claudians (25 marks)

(a) Assess the contributions and impact of Tiberius as princeps.

OR

(b) Explain the roles of Livia and other prominent women in Roman politics duringthis period.

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Marks

Question 62 — Option R – Rome: The Roman Empire AD 68–235 (25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of the building programs of any TWO emperors duringthis period.

OR

(b) Explain the impact of Romanisation on the provinces in this period.

Question 63 — Option S – Rome: The Later Roman Empire AD 235–410(25 marks)

(a) Assess the significance of the building programs of Constantine (the Great).

OR

(b) Account for the division of the Empire into East and West. 25

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Section IV — Additional Historical Period or Additional Ancient Society (continued)

Ancient Societies Page

Questions 64–76 refer to Ancient Societies

You must choose a different Ancient Society from the one you chose in Section II

Question 64 — Option A – Egypt: Society in Old Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties III–VI ...................................................... 42

Question 65 — Option B – Egypt: Society in Middle Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties XI–XII ..................................................... 42

Question 66 — Option C – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt during the Ramesside Period, Dynasties XIX–XX ............ 42

Question 67 — Option D – Near East: Assyrian Society in the Sargonid Period from Sargon II to Ashurbanipal ............................... 43

Question 68 — Option E – Near East: Society in Israel from Jeroboam I to the Fall of Samaria .................................................. 43

Question 69 — Option F – Near East: Persian Society in the time of Darius and Xerxes ............................................................... 43

Question 70 — Option G – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Minoan Society ................... 43

Question 71 — Option H – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Mycenaean Society ............. 44

Question 72 — Option I – Greece: Spartan Society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC .... 44

Question 73 — Option J – Greece: Athenian Society in the time of Pericles ................. 44

Question 74 — Option K – Rome: Roman Society in the time of Cicero ...................... 45

Question 75 — Option L – Rome: Society in Rome from Augustus to Titus ................ 45

Question 76 — Option M– Rome: Roman Society in the Fourth Century AD .............. 45


Ancient History

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Question 64 — Option A – Egypt: Society in Old Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties III–VI (25 marks)

(a) Explain the importance of significant myths and legends in Old Kingdomsociety.

OR

(b) Discuss the range of occupations and their economic importance in OldKingdom society.

Question 65 — Option B – Egypt: Society in Middle Kingdom Egypt,Dynasties XI–XII (25 marks)

(a) Explain the importance of significant myths and legends in Middle Kingdomsociety.

OR

(b) Explain changes in funerary customs in Middle Kingdom society.

Question 66 — Option C – Egypt: Society in New Kingdom Egypt duringthe Ramesside Period, Dynasties XIX–XX (25 marks)

(a) Explain the roles of a New Kingdom king (pharaoh) during the Ramessideperiod.

OR

(b) Describe the main features of religion in the Ramesside period. 25

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Marks

Question 67 — Option D – Near East: Assyrian Society in the Sargonid Periodfrom Sargon II to Ashurbanipal (25 marks)

(a) Describe the main features of religion in the Sargonid period.

OR

(b) Explain the main roles of Assyrian kings during the Sargonid period.

Question 68 — Option E – Near East: Society in Israel from Jeroboam I tothe Fall of Samaria (25 marks)

(a) Discuss the roles and influence of prophets in ancient Israelite society.

OR

(b) Explain the roles and influence of the monarchy in ancient Israelite society.

Question 69 — Option F – Near East: Persian Society in the time of Dariusand Xerxes (25 marks)

(a) Explain the main roles of Persian kings during this period.

OR

(b) Describe the main features of religion in Persian society during this period.

Question 70 — Option G – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Minoan Society(25 marks)

(a) Describe the main features of religion in Minoan society.

OR

(b) Discuss the range of occupations and their economic importance in Bronze Agesociety.

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Marks

Question 71 — Option H – Greece: Bronze Age Society – Mycenaean Society(25 marks)

(a) Explain the importance of warriors and warfare in Mycenaean society.

OR

(b) Describe the main features of industry and trade in Mycenaean society.

Question 72 — Option I – Greece: Spartan Society to the Battle of Leuctra371 BC (25 marks)

(a) Explain the reasons for the Spartan military way of life.

OR

(b) Describe the main features of Spartan religion.

Question 73 — Option J – Greece: Athenian Society in the time of Pericles(25 marks)

(a) Discuss the range of occupations and their economic importance in Atheniansociety at this time.

OR

(b) Describe the main features of religion in Athenian society. 25

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Marks

Question 74 — Option K – Rome: Roman Society in the time of Cicero(25 marks)

(a) Describe the composition and organisation of the military in this period.

OR

(b) Explain how Roman provinces were administered in the time of Cicero.

Question 75 — Option L – Rome: Society in Rome from Augustus to Titus(25 marks)

(a) Explain the growth of imperial bureaucracy and the role of freedmen.

OR

(b) Discuss the importance of the military in Roman society at this time.

Question 76 — Option M – Rome: Roman Society in the Fourth Century AD(25 marks)

(a) Discuss the importance of the military in Roman society at this time.

OR

(b) Describe the funerary customs and rituals of pagans and Christians at this time.

End of paper

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ancient history - arc · ancient societies – 25 marks ... briefly describe the role of akhenaten...

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