Ancient Greece Study Guide - KEY Define the following terms/people:

Mythology: stories about gods and heroes that explain how

the world works

Thucydides: wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War

Agora: Greek marketplace

Sparta: Greek city-state, won the Peloponnesian War.

Militaristic.

Xerxes I: The king of the Persians during part 2 of the

Persian War.

Parthenon: Temple built to honor Athena.

Zeus: King of the gods

Golden Age: Historical period marked by prosperity in

Ancient Greece.

Barbarian: Any non-Greek

Polis: Greek city-state

Fables: short stories that teach a lesson

Persian Wars: series of wars between Greece and Persia

Peloponnesian War: 27 year war between Athens and

Sparta.

Fresco: paintings done on wet plaster

Acropolis: hill on which the fort and temples are built

Democracy: People rule

Direct Democracy: every citizen votes on the laws

Oligarchy: Government ruled by small group of people

Tyranny: Ruled by someone who illegally took control

Monarchy: Ruled by a King or Monarch

Leonidas: King of the Spartans

Epic Poem: Long poem that tells of a hero's deeds

Minoans: Early Greeks, lived on island of Crete

Mycenaeans: After Minoans, early Greeks

Mt. Olympus: Believed that gods lived on top of this

mountain

Battle of Marathon: Ended first Persian War, runner died

announcing victory.

Pericles: Ruled during the Golden Age of Greece.

Lyric Poem: A poem set to music

Alexander the Great: large empire; conquered Persia, Greece

and other lands.

Olympics: games to honor Zeus

Homer: Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Socrates: Philosopher, sentenced to death

Hephaestus: Causes earthquakes/volcanic eruptions

Hellenistic: Blend of Greek, Persian, Syrian and Egyptian

cultures

Tragedy: plays that deal with disaster

Comedy:

Plays that make fun of political figures

Answer the following questions:

*What was commonality in most Greek architecture? Columns

*What led to the Fall of Minoans? Earthquakes/volcanic eruptions

*What happens as a result of the Persian Wars? (More than one thing) Greek uniqueness, Athens power increases, alliances

*What was life like in Sparta? Violent, based on war, boys sent to army at age of 7

*What was life like in Athens? Revolved around education (physical and intellectual)

*What are the causes of the Persian Wars? Who won? Greeks interfered and Persia wanted revenge. The Greeks win.

*Which city-state is in charge of the Peloponnesian League? Sparta

*Which city-state is in charge of the Delian League? Athens

Short Answer and Extended Response Questions:

*Who taught whom out of Plato, Alexander, Socrates and Aristotle? (4 pts)

Socrates Plato Aristotle Alexander

*Why was the Battle of Thermopylae (300) such a crucial moment in the Persian Wars? How did this event lead to

Greece’s victory in the end? Explain. (2 pts.)

The Spartans were able to hold the pass so that the Greeks could retreat and fight another day.

*Name two gods/goddesses and what they are the god/goddess of. (2pts.)

Varied.

* Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta. Include at least two similarities and two differences. (4 pts.)

Varied.