ancient greece
TRANSCRIPT
1750 – 133 BCE
I. Geography Multi-Flow Map I. Geography Multi-Flow Map
Geography of Greece
Short mountain ranges cut up the mainland
No important rivers
Long, irregular coastline
No sense of unity
Cultural diversity
Encouraged fishing and trade of olive oil, wine, and marble
Phoenician alphabet spread
Colonized new lands
Separate city states
Surrounded by sea
II. Early GreeksII. Early Greeks
Developed on Crete- an island south of Developed on Crete- an island south of Greece in the Aegean SeaGreece in the Aegean Sea
Economy based on TRADEEconomy based on TRADE
Ruins of the Palace of King Minos at Knossos
Around this vase are hoplites (foot soldiers) on dolphins, showing the importance of seas
A. Minoan CivilizationA. Minoan Civilization
B. MyceneansB. Myceneans
Conquered mainland Greece and CreteConquered mainland Greece and Crete
Dominated Aegean tradeDominated Aegean trade
(MY SUH NEE UNZ)(MY SUH NEE UNZ)
The mask of Agamemnon comes from a grave that dates from around 1600 BCE. Myceneans sometimes put gold masks over significant peoples’ faces.
1. The Trojan War1. The Trojan War
1250 BCE1250 BCE
War over trade and control of the Bosporus War over trade and control of the Bosporus and Dardanelle straits and Dardanelle straits
Legend:Legend:– Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of
a Greek kinga Greek king– Greeks left a “Trojan Horse” filled with hidden Greeks left a “Trojan Horse” filled with hidden
warriorswarriors– Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.
2. Homer2. Homer
Homer was a traveling poetHomer was a traveling poet
He wrote two great Epic poemsHe wrote two great Epic poems
– The IliadThe Iliad
– The OdysseyThe Odyssey
3. Changes in Warfare3. Changes in Warfare
Bronze weapons and tools replaced by ironBronze weapons and tools replaced by iron
Citizens could afford weaponsCitizens could afford weapons
Phalanx- a massive formation of heavily Phalanx- a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiersarmed foot soldiers
Mrs. Agosta’s dad when he was 8 dressed in a traditional Greek uniform.
4. Early Forms of Government4. Early Forms of GovernmentFlow MapFlow Map
Monarchy –
a king rules
Power shifted to
noble landowners
Aristocracy- landholders
rule
Oligarchy- small business
class rules
ATHENS ONLY
developed democracy- rule by the
people
III. The PolisIII. The Polis
A city-state built on two levelsA city-state built on two levels
1. Acropolis- high city1. Acropolis- high city
- temples - temples
2. Lower city- flatter ground2. Lower city- flatter ground
- market, theater, homes- market, theater, homes
A. AthensA. AthensStarted as a Started as a limited democracylimited democracy
- only male citizens could vote- only male citizens could vote
- Had a - Had a LegislatureLegislature- lawmaking body- lawmaking body - Council of 500 - Council of 500
– Only boys were educated if families could afford itOnly boys were educated if families could afford it
Athens
Solon’s reformsSolon’s reforms- expanded rights to more - expanded rights to more AtheniansAthenians
PericlesPericles- improved Athens from 460 to 429 - improved Athens from 460 to 429 BCEBCE– Direct democracy-Direct democracy- system of government in system of government in
which citizens directly vote on issues which citizens directly vote on issues – Encouraged the artsEncouraged the arts– Made Athens the cultural center of GreeceMade Athens the cultural center of Greece
B. SpartaB. Sparta
Military stateMilitary state
Government included:Government included:
2 kings2 kings
Council of eldersCouncil of elders
Assembly of all Assembly of all
male citizensmale citizens
Sparta
At age 7, boys began military trainingAt age 7, boys began military training
Sickly kids were abandonedSickly kids were abandoned
Girls were to produce healthy sons, Girls were to produce healthy sons,
were encouraged to exercisewere encouraged to exercise
C. Other City StatesC. Other City States
Corinth Corinth
DelphiDelphi
IV. Greek ReligionIV. Greek Religion
PolytheisticPolytheistic
Gods and goddesses lived on Mount OlympusGods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus
Zeus was head of the godsZeus was head of the gods
V. Greek ConflictsV. Greek Conflicts
Greeks felt superior to non-Greeks Greeks felt superior to non-Greeks and called them and called them barbaroi barbaroi even even though they borrowed others’ ideas though they borrowed others’ ideas
(Eg. Phoenicians, Egyptians)(Eg. Phoenicians, Egyptians)
A. Persian WarsA. Persian Wars
In 490 BCE, In 490 BCE, Emperor Darius Emperor Darius sent ships to sent ships to Marathon Marathon (Greece) to (Greece) to punish Athens punish Athens for interfering in for interfering in Asia MinorAsia Minor
Asia Minor
Persians outnumbered Athenians 2 to 1Persians outnumbered Athenians 2 to 1
Athens won and sent a man back 26.2 Athens won and sent a man back 26.2 miles to Athensmiles to Athens
He told of the victory then died on the He told of the victory then died on the spotspot
In 480 BCE, Darius’ son Xerxes In 480 BCE, Darius’ son Xerxes
(ZERK SEEZ) wanted revenge(ZERK SEEZ) wanted revenge
Greeks unified to defeat Persians againGreeks unified to defeat Persians again
Delian League (Athenian led alliance with Delian League (Athenian led alliance with other Greek city-states) was formedother Greek city-states) was formed
B. Peloponnesian WarB. Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian League led by SpartaPeloponnesian League led by Sparta
War broke War broke
out in 431 BCE out in 431 BCE
between between
Sparta and Sparta and
Athens Athens
A plague broke out killing 1/3 of the people A plague broke out killing 1/3 of the people including Periclesincluding Pericles
Even the Persians helped Sparta defeat Even the Persians helped Sparta defeat Athens in 404 BCEAthens in 404 BCE