Ancient Egypt

NOTES 2

Review

• Geography– ___________ – very rich soil

• Daily Life– Most people were __________,___________, or

___________ – Writing system– Wrote on tomb walls and papyrus rolls using

____________– __________ Stone was the key to

_____hieroglyphics

Religion

• Egyptians were ___________• Each god or goddess were known for their

own specialties– There are as many as _______gods and goddess's

Religion• Sun gods– Ra • _____ _________

– ______________• New Kingdom

• Land gods (__________)– _________– __________• Middle Kingdom

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Religion

• When you died, you were ____________– Early ancient Egyptians would bury their dead in

sand pits, ____________________from the natural dehydration

– Started to _____________________to protect from wild animals, but bodies would decay• Thus creating the process of mummification

Government

• The _________ was the most important person in Ancient Egypt– __________ and

__________leader of Egypt

Government• As 'Lord of the Two Lands‘

(______ and _______Egypt) the pharaoh owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners.

• As ____________of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honor the gods.

Old Kingdom• 2650-2150 BC (Collapsed due to famine and lost of government confidence)

• _______________– Preserve bodies for the afterlife

• Pharaohs– Divine selection– ________ (3rd) ________, ________ & ________

(4th)• First pyramids constructed– Step pyramids of Saqqara– Great pyramid of _______

Middle Kingdom

• 2040-1640 BC• 11th Dynasty- 14th Dynasty• Rule extended from ________ to __________• Considered the “Golden Age”• ____________ II ruled from Thebes in Upper

Egypt.• Hyksos move the __________ to the Nile Delta• Introduction of ____________

New Kingdom• 1540-1070 BC• __________ Leader• _________- first ______ ruler in history• Akhenaten- first _____________• ___________- tomb discovered in 1922• __________- the mightiest and most __________

Greco-Roman Period

• Assyrian ruled from 664-653 BC• Nectanebo II- last Egyptian king• Alexander inherits the throne and founded

Alexandria• General Ptolemy – Welcomed immigrants– Encouraged Greek-speaking aristocracy– Built the first lighthouse– Embraced the culture of brother-sister marriage– Opened the cities up to become more Hellenistic

Egyptian Culture Weakened

• Cleopatra ruled 51-30 BC– Lived with eastern Roman ruler Mark Anthony– Overtaken by western Roman ruler, Octavian

(nephew of Julius Caesar)

• 27 BC- Octavian took the title of Augustus and became first Roman Emperor