ancient china a time of achievement – lesson 4. the han dynasty 206 bc qin fell – civil war...
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Ancient ChinaA Time of Achievement – Lesson 4
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The Han Dynasty
206 BC Qin fell – civil war followedPeasants, nobles, generals,
officials all fought for power
In Han state, Liu Bang claimed title King of Han
202 BC -Liu Bang’s army gained control of Qin lands
Liu Bang declared himself emperor – named Han Gaozu = “High Ancestor”
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The Han Dynasty
Gaozu’s rule begins Han Dynasty
Lasted more than 400 years (202 BC -AD 220)
Capital city – Chang’an (Xian)
Peasants liked Gaozu because came from family of poor farmers – he understood
G gave land and reduced taxes
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The Han Dynasty
Han emperors continued to unite China
Believed in strong government and all-powerful leader; HOWEVER, followed some teaching of Confucius(mixed Legalism and Confucianism)
Less rules that Shi Huangdi – depended on people to obey rulers (filial piety concept of Confucius)
Developed imperial bureaucratic state – lasted 2000 years
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Wu Di and Civil Service
141 BC – Wu Di was emperor “Warlike Emperor”
Formed large armies to protect and expand empire
Troops sent north to drive back invaders
By 101 BC, empire included western China, Korea ancient Korea and Vietnam
To pay for armies, new taxes set
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Wu Di and Civil Service
Wu Di respected ideas of Confucius
Started university to teach Confucian ideas
Made Confucianism official religion
Founded civil service = part of bureaucracy that does day-to-day running of government
Civil servants picked based on ability – had to pass written test.
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Wu Di and Civil Service
Civil Service benefits –• educated people in government jobs• those who did well raised their social
status• Education became important in
China
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Cultural Achievements
200 BC – begins Golden Age• Success in war• Economic success• Education
Art flourished• Major stone sculptures• Skilled – painting land and people• Silk weaving• Pottery
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Cultural Achievements
Science• Improved paper making• First seismograph (to show location
and strength of earthquakes)• Sundials and water clocks
Literature• Poetry – still read today• Sima Qian – wrote 1st history of
China
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Silk Road and Trade
139 BC Wu Di sent ambassador (government representative) to western Asia to find people to help fight invaders
Learned about western Asia – eventually Wu Di controlled lands and trade routes
Most-traveled trade routes became known as Silk Road• 4000 miles from Han capital to
Mediterranean Sea• (now China connected to Europe)
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Silk Road and Trade
Chinese traders• West with silk – traded for horses,
glass, spices, fruits, musical instruments
• Those who got Chinese items traded those for other things, SO items traveled even farther
Ideas also spread (cultural diffusion)• Buddhism came north to China from
India
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Big Ideas
2. Civil Service developed and education gained importance.
3. With trade, China became less isolated from the rest of the world.
1. Han Dynasty combined Legalism and Confucianism.