CROWNED HEAD OF A YORUBA RULERFrom Ife, Nigeria. Yoruba, 12th-15th century CE.

Zinc brass, height 9-7/16" (24 cm).Museum of Ife Antiquities, Ife, Nigeria. [Fig. 14-01]

ANCIENT AFRICA[Map 14-01]

DANCERS IN CEREMONIAL ATTIRESection of rock-wall painting, Tassili-n-Ajjer, Algeria.

c. 5000-2000 BCE. [Fig. 14-02]

HEADFrom Nok, Nigeria. c. 500 BCE-200 CE.Terra cotta, height 14-3/16" (36 cm).

National Museum, Lagos, Nigeria. [Fig. 14-03]

SECTION OF SAN ROCK-WALL PAINTINGSan peoples, uncertain dates. Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa.

Pigment and eland blood on rock. [Fig. 14-04]

BURIAL CHAMBERIgbo-Ukwu, Nigeria. Reconstruction showing the placement of the ruler and artifacts in

the chamber in the 10th century.Painting by Caroline Sassoon. [Fig. 14-05]

RITUAL VESSELFrom Ife, Nigeria. Yoruba, 13th-14th century CE.

Terra cotta, height 9-13/16" (24.9 cm).University Art Museum, Obafemi, Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria. [Fig. 14-06]

A CLOSER LOOK: Roped Pot on a StandFrom Igbo-Ukwu. 9th-10th century CE.

Leaded bronze, height 12-11/16" (32.3 cm).National Museum, Lagos.

MEMORIAL HEAD OF AN OBAFrom Benin, Nigeria. Early Period, c. 16th century CE. Brass, height 9" (23 cm).

The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Purchase: Nelson Trust through the generosity of Donald J. and Adele C. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. Herman Robert Sutherland, an anonymous donor, and the exchange of Nelson Gallery Foundation properties (87-7). [Fig.

14-07]

PHOTOGRAPH OF AN ALTAREdo culture, Nigeria. c. 1959.

The National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives (7584). [Fig. 14-08]

TECHNIQUE: Lost-Wax Casting

HIP PENDANT REPRESENTING AN IYOBA ("QUEEN MOTHER")From Benin City, Nigeria. Middle Period, c. 1550 CE.

Ivory, iron, and copper, height 9-3/8" (23.4 cm).Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection,

Gift of Nelson A. Rockefeller (1978.412.323). [Fig. 14-09]

PLAQUE: WARRIOR CHIEF FLANKED BY WARRIORS AND ATTENDANTSFrom Benin City, Nigeria. Middle Period, c. 1550-1650 CE.

Brass, height 14-3/4" × 15-1/2" (37.5 × 39.4 cm). The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Purchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust (58-3) [Fig. 14-10]

SENIOR TOWN CHIEFSupported by two attendants, one of them carrying his eben sword. [Fig. 14-11]

OBA EREDIAUWAWearing coral-beaded regalia and seated on a dais. [Fig. 14-12]

HORSEMANFrom Old Jenné, Mali. 13th-15th century CE.

Terra cotta, height 27-3/4" (70.5 cm). National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Museum Purchase (86-12-2) [Fig. 14-13]

GREAT FRIDAY MOSQUEJenné, Mali. Showing the eastern and northern façades.

Rebuilding of 1907, in the style of 13th-century original. [Fig. 14-14]

DRAWING OF GREAT ENCLOSURE, GREAT ZIMBABWE[Fig. 14-15]

CONICAL TOWER, GREAT ENCLOSUREGreat Zimbabwe Shona, Zimbabwe. c. 1350-1450 CE.

Stone, height of tower 30' (9.1 m). [Fig. 14-16]

BET GIORGIS (CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE), LALIBELAEthiopia. 13th century.

Volcanic rock. [Fig. 14-17]

ZOOMORPHIC HEADAngola. c. 750 CE. Wood, 19-7/8" × 6-1/8" (50.5 × 15.5 cm).

Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. [Fig. 14-18]

DECORATED TEXTILEKongo. Before 1400 CE. Raffia, 9-1/2" × 18-1/2" (24 × 47 cm).

Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, England. (1886.1.254.1). [Fig. 14-19]

CRUCIFIXKongo. Early 17th century CE. Bronze, height 10-1/2" (26.7 cm).

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Collection of Ernst Anspach. (1999.295.7)[Fig. 14-20]

SAPI-PORTUGUESE STYLE HUNTING HORNSierra Leone. Late 15th century CE. Ivory, length 25" (63.5 cm).

National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Gift of Walt Disney World Co., a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company (2005-6-9) [Fig. 14-21]