anatomy of tsunamis: 1960 chile earthquake and tsunami
DESCRIPTION
ANATOMY OF TSUNAMIS: 1960 CHILE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI. Yohko Igarashi1, Masahiro Yamamoto 2, Laura Kong3 ITIC; now with Japan Meteorological Agency IOC/UNESCO, France 3. ITIC, UNESCO/IOC-NOAA, USA. Enhancing understanding towards the development of Tsunami Warning Systems. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ANATOMY OF TSUNAMIS:1960 CHILE EARTHQUAKE
AND TSUNAMI
Yohko Igarashi1, Masahiro Yamamoto2, Laura Kong31. ITIC; now with Japan Meteorological Agency2. IOC/UNESCO, France3. ITIC, UNESCO/IOC-NOAA, USA
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Enhancing understanding towards the development of Tsunami Warning Systems
• Various wave forms from Local/Regional/Tele and small/large tsunamis
• NTWC need how to interpret tsunami record. • NTWC need to recognize other non-tsunami signals. • Many NTWCs are newly establishing; many new staffs
do not have any experience on tsunami.==> Educational materials• To build a learning database, IOC and ITIC have
compiled tsunami records. • The compilation is intended to provide;
1. an interpreted reference on historical destructive tsunamis,
2. timelines of actions and reactions of NTWC.
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1960 Chilean Earthquake with Mw9.5 on May 22
• Terrible tsunami. Hit Chilean coasts 15 minutes (max run-up: 25m), Hawaiian Is. 15 hours, then Japan 22.5 hours.
• 1,655 people were killed in Chile. 61 in Hawaii, 142 in Japan, 32 in Philippines.
• US NTWC in 1948 and Japan NTWC in 1952. However, NO international preparedness.
• JMA did not have experience for Tele-tsunami.• Pacific Tsunami Warning System was
established in 1965.• Important: to learn from the past tsunami. End to End System (Warning to Preparedness)
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Timeline of 22 May 1960, Chilean Tsunami
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Tsunami propagation maps Manually created (JMA) TTT software (NOAA)
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Stations in the Anatomy
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Talcahuano, Chile(TTT: 49 min, Max run-up 25 m)
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Valparaiso, Chile(TTT: 1:07)
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Long Beach and San Francisco(many small boats damaged due to the strong current)
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Hilo, Hawaii (TTT:14:50 Max in Hilo: over 10m )
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Honolulu, Hawaii (35 min after Hilo)
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Johnston Island and Christmas Island
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Hondagua and Legaspi, Phillipines(PHIVOLCS) unit:feet
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Hong Kong (TTT: 27:37)
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Eden, S of Australia (TTT: 17:11 p-p: over 1.5m)
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Hanasaki and Kushiro, Japan (TTT: 21:30)
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Hachinohe, Japan (p-p: over 3 m)
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Miyako, Japan (TTT: 8 min after Hanasaki)
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Onahama, Japan (TTT: 30 min after Hanasaki)
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Kushimoto, Japan (TTT: 31 min after Hanasaki)
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Tosashimizu, Japan (TTT: 57 min after Hanasaki)
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Lessons learned from this
• A tsunami warning system for local, regional and far-field tsunami.
• International cooperation on information is required for such far events.
• Discuss and study well to exchange more precise and adequate information in advance.
• To enhance the knowledge on tsunami• End to End tsunami warning system
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UNESCO/IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group
(ICG)
Pacific Indian Ocean Carribbean MediterraneanPTWS IOTWS CARIBE NEAM
1965/2005 2005 2005 2005
Risk Assessment Seismic Detection system Hazard AssessmentDetection/Warning Sea level Hazard Assessment Seismic
Awareness Risk Assessment Communication Sea levelModelling Preparedness Public Awareness
Central America InteroperabilitySE Pacific MitigationSW Pacific
S China Sea
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25th Session IOC-UNESCO Assembly 24
>60 stations reporting continuously Feb 09>60 stations reporting continuously Feb 09
June 22, 2009
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Planned Workshop on Post Tsunami Survey
• Many NTWCs are under establishing• Need to develop common, harmonized and
standardized survey procedure• Comprehensive survey from all aspects• Advanced methods; GPS, GIS, Satellite etc
Revision of Post-Tsunami Field Guide (IOC Manuals and Guides 37, 1998 UNESCO)
Bridge between Research and Operational community